{"id":9101,"date":"2015-01-23T12:43:51","date_gmt":"2015-01-22T20:36:43","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/chinaworker.info\/?p=9101"},"modified":"2015-01-23T08:18:48","modified_gmt":"2015-01-23T00:18:48","slug":"chinas-gdp-slowest-since-1990","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chinaworker.info\/en\/2015\/01\/23\/9101\/","title":{"rendered":"China\u2019s GDP slowest since 1990"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>The Chinese economy has decelerated by 30 percent in the past five years<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>chinaworker.info reporters<\/p>\n<p>The release this week of official 2014 GDP data confirmed expectations that China\u2019s economy recorded its slowest pace in 24 years. Most economic forecasters point to even slower growth in the coming years as China grapples with deflation, overcapacity, a surge in debt levels, and the increasing \u201czombification\u201d of overinvested economic sectors including the housing market which has been the economy\u2019s main engine of growth for the past decade.<\/p>\n<p>The Chinese regime is expected to take further measures in coming months to loosen monetary policy in order to stimulate the economy and counter deflationary pressures (in common with the central banks in Europe and Japan) by\u00a0easing\u00a0the flow of credit to struggling local governments and companies. But this will require an extraordinarily difficult balancing act if the government is not to trigger a new upsurge in already unsustainable debt levels.<\/p>\n<p>Last year\u2019s full-year GDP growth was 7.4 percent, the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) announced on Tuesday, undershooting the government\u2019s 7.5 percent target. This was the first time since 1998, in the midst of the Asian financial crisis, that Beijing missed its growth target.<\/p>\n<p>The figures mean that the former \u2018miracle economy\u2019 has slowed by 30 percent in the past five years, from an expansion rate of 10.4 percent in 2010, the last time it achieved double-digit growth, to 9.3 percent in 2011, and 7.7 percent in 2012 and 2013. The latest figures signal \u201cthe end of a high-growth heyday,\u201d concluded The Wall Street Journal. China\u2019s state news agency Xinhua concurred with this view. \u201cThe country\u2019s period of miraculous breakneck growth is over \u2013 but let\u2019s get over it,\u201d it said.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_9105\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-9105\" style=\"width: 600px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"http:\/\/media.chinaworker.info\/2015\/01\/Eiffel-e1421958704814.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-9105\" src=\"http:\/\/media.chinaworker.info\/2015\/01\/Eiffel-600x399.jpg\" alt=\"Tianducheng development in Hangzhou is one of China's ghost towns.\" width=\"600\" height=\"399\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-9105\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tianducheng development in Hangzhou is one of China&#8217;s ghost towns.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><strong>Bad news is good?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>China\u2019s headline GDP growth figure still ranks as one of the fastest in the world. But nobody who grasps the real condition of the Chinese economy will find reassurance in this fact. The Chinese government has long been accused of manipulating GDP statistics and even Premier Li Keqiang some years ago famously described the country\u2019s GDP data as \u201cman made\u201d. Other indices suggest the economy may have suffered a more abrupt slowdown than suggested by the official figures. China\u2019s total power generation \u2013 widely seen as a more accurate gauge of economic growth \u2013 increased by just 3.2 percent in 2014 according to the NBS. This was the slowest expansion in 16 years. While final statistics are not yet published, it seems highly probable that China\u2019s steel consumption fell last year for the first time since 1995. Steel is another important indicator of wider economic performance.<\/p>\n<p>The government\u2019s message is that the economic slowdown is good news and a deliberate policy. In the media the formulation \u201cnew normal\u201d is repeated over and over. In fact, at its news conference to announce the GDP figures the NBS used this term eight times! But as Jamil Anderlini pointed out in the Financial Times, \u201cIn China\u2019s authoritarian political system, the \u2018leadership of the Communist party\u2019 is always \u2018entirely correct\u2019 and so bad news, such as the slowest growth in nearly a quarter of a century, is either the fault of \u2018external forces\u2019 or actually good news.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Capitalist economists are now taking an increasingly dark view of the Chinese economy, with the latest GDP figures seen as heralding an extended slowdown with serious implications for the crisis-stricken global economy.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWe should expect growth numbers starting with a 6 to come through in 2015 \u2013 we expect 6.8 percent growth in 2015, slowing to 6.5 percent in 2016,\u201d Fitch Ratings said in a research note. The International Monetary Fund, normally considered \u201cbullish\u201d on China, has also lowered its forecast for Chinese growth to 6.8 percent this year, and 6.3 percent in 2016. \u201cThe housing slowdown is more serious than we thought earlier,\u201d confessed IMF chief economist Olivier Blanchard. The Fund predicts India will experience faster GDP growth than China in 2016.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Shadow of deflation<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Like many other parts of the world economy, China is now grappling with deflation (falling prices). In China\u2019s case this is mainly the result of unprecedented levels of overcapacity. \u201cThe ratio of output to capacity in many sectors \u2013 for example, steel, plate glass, construction materials, chemicals and fertilisers, aluminium, shipbuilding, and solar panel and wind turbine manufacturing \u2013 has fallen sharply. Last year\u00a0it was about 70-72 per cent, and it is likely to have dropped further since,\u201d noted the Financial Times (24 December 2014).<\/p>\n<p>The frenetic pace of construction especially following the monster stimulus injection of 2008 has resulted in a multitude of \u2018ghost towns\u2019 and a huge debt overhang. China\u2019s consumer inflation rate has fallen to 1.5 percent, from 6 percent five years ago. But producer prices have been in negative territory for 34 consecutive months, falling by 10 per cent since 2011. Deflation, which makes debt repayments more expensive in real terms, is now seen as the biggest danger facing the global capitalist economy. This is shown by the ECB\u2019s formal announcement on January 22 of a substantial \u2018quantitative easing\u2019 programme. Copying the US central bank\u2019s previous policy, the European Central Bank will electronically print around 60 billion euros a month over the coming two years. The aim of this policy is to shake the economy out of deflation, which currently afflicts nine of nineteen Eurozone members.<\/p>\n<p>Beijing\u2019s interest rate cut last November followed a similar logic. But it proved to be counterproductive, having little effect on loosening credit conditions for struggling companies, but instead triggering a stock market bubble with share prices surging by 36 percent in the eight weeks following the rate reduction. The housing market was heavily driven by speculation in the past, with one percent of the population said to own more than one-third of China\u2019s urban housing. Now, with the real estate sector in the doldrums, some\u00a0of this speculative capital has poured into the stock market.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_9106\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-9106\" style=\"width: 600px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"http:\/\/media.chinaworker.info\/2015\/01\/B6HYHG_3090984b-e1421958934908.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-9106\" src=\"http:\/\/media.chinaworker.info\/2015\/01\/B6HYHG_3090984b-600x374.jpg\" alt=\"Deflation threatens the world economy.\" width=\"600\" height=\"374\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-9106\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Deflation threatens the world economy.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>The government is attempting to \u201cdefuse debt risks\u201d as Premier Li promised last year\u2019s session of the National People\u2019s Congress. Initially, it has attempted to rein in the riskiest forms of shadow banking, concentrating on the rapidly growing trust sector. But despite new government curbs in 2014, assets in the shadow banking sector as a whole grew a further 14 percent to US$9 trillion [source: Nomura Securities]. The growth of shadow banking, a phenomenon previously associated mostly with ultra-deregulated Anglo-Saxon capitalism, is heavily linked with the most speculative branches of the Chinese economy such as real estate, which are now suffering from overcapacity and heightened default risks.<\/p>\n<p>According to J.P. Morgan, local government debt almost quadrupled to 21 trillion yuan (US$3.4 trillion) in 2014, from 5.6 trillion yuan in 2008. Local governments have engaged in colossal debt-driven construction programmes in cohorts with developers and private investors with the aim of outstripping neighbouring regions and achieving impressive GDP figures. This construction binge\u00a0has also fuelled the corruption epidemic that\u00a0\u2018paramount leader\u2019 Xi Jinping has publicly admitted could\u00a0bring about the collapse of\u00a0the CCP (Chinese Communist Party) dictatorship. Last year\u2019s slowdown in the housing market, with a ten percent decline in new housing starts, has increased the pressures on local governments who report a 10\u00a0percent decline in land sales over the full year 2014. Land sales are the most important source of local government revenues.<\/p>\n<p>Beijing\u2019s dilemma is that further stimulus measures risk inflating a new credit bubble, increasing the odds of a financial crisis in the future, while cutting the flow of credit could trigger a sharper slowdown and even outright recession, thus reducing the ability\u00a0of companies and local governments to repay their debts.<\/p>\n<p>According to Anne Stevenson-Yang, a bourgeois economist who has long warned about the potential for a banking crisis in China, \u201cChina is sinking into a deflationary recession that\u2019s increasing in speed and may take some time to run its course. Investors have lost faith in the property market, which alone comprises about 20 percent of GDP, when taking into account the entire supply chain, from iron ore production to construction to related financial services and appliance sales\u2026 There\u2019s even an outside possibility that China\u2019s economic miracle could end up in a fiery crash landing, if a surge in banking system loan defaults outruns government regulators\u2019 attempts to contain such a credit crisis and restore financial confidence.\u201d<\/p>\n<p><strong>Defusing the debt bomb<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The government has so far proceeded with extreme caution in attempting to defuse the debt time bomb. Last year saw a number of \u2018near misses\u2019 with corporate defaults narrowly averted out of fear these could trigger a wider crisis throughout the financial system. Beijing is expected to announce a deposit insurance scheme for the banks in coming months, similar to other countries, which it hopes will provide a \u2018firewall\u2019 against wider financial\u00a0panics in the event of individual bankruptcies and\u00a0defaults. At the same time it has ordered local governments to \u2018reclassify\u2019 their debt obligations in order to remove the implicit government guarantee\u00a0that today applies to all\u00a0government-linked companies, investment vehicles, and applies <em>de facto<\/em> to the shadow finance\u00a0instruments\u00a0linked to them. Once these steps are completed, it is widely believed that Beijing will allow defaults to take place on a selective basis as a means to instil \u2018discipline\u2019 on credit markets and to protect the core banking system from the excesses of its shadow-banking arm. The government clearly anticipates some \u2018localised\u2019 banking crises but hopes to contain these and prevent them from spreading. This, however, entails enormous risks and developments could slip beyond the control of the government and its regulatory agencies.<\/p>\n<p>The Chinese economy is therefore entering unchartered territory in 2015. The Chinese dictatorship\u2019s mix of neo-liberal capitalist reforms (\u201clet the market play a decisive role\u201d) together with\u00a0increased state repression and political control are leading society deeper into economic crisis and political turmoil. The working class must forge its own alternative to this bankrupt regime, based on democratic self-organisation and international socialism.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/chinaworker.info\/en\/2014\/12\/24\/8759\/\" target=\"_blank\"><em>Previously from chinaworker.info: China, hard landing in 2015?<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The Chinese economy has decelerated by 30 percent in the past five years chinaworker.info reporters The release this week of official 2014 GDP data confirmed expectations that China\u2019s economy recorded its slowest pace in 24 years. Most economic forecasters point to even slower growth in the coming years as China grapples with deflation, overcapacity, a [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":33,"featured_media":9103,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"tdm_status":"","tdm_grid_status":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[132,124],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-9101","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-china","8":"category-news"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>China\u2019s GDP slowest since 1990 - China Worker<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/chinaworker.info\/en\/2015\/01\/23\/9101\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"China\u2019s GDP slowest since 1990 - China Worker\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The Chinese economy has decelerated by 30 percent in the past five years chinaworker.info reporters The release this week of official 2014 GDP data confirmed expectations that China\u2019s economy recorded its slowest pace in 24 years. Most economic forecasters point to even slower growth in the coming years as China grapples with deflation, overcapacity, a [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/chinaworker.info\/en\/2015\/01\/23\/9101\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"China Worker\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/SocialistAction\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2015-01-22T20:36:43+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2015-01-23T00:18:48+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/media1.chinaworker.info\/2015\/01\/Flag-e1421958552920.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"550\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"344\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"8 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/chinaworker.info\\\/en\\\/2015\\\/01\\\/23\\\/9101\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/chinaworker.info\\\/en\\\/2015\\\/01\\\/23\\\/9101\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"\",\"@id\":\"\"},\"headline\":\"China\u2019s GDP slowest since 1990\",\"datePublished\":\"2015-01-22T20:36:43+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2015-01-23T00:18:48+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/chinaworker.info\\\/en\\\/2015\\\/01\\\/23\\\/9101\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":1676,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/chinaworker.info\\\/en\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/chinaworker.info\\\/en\\\/2015\\\/01\\\/23\\\/9101\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/media1.chinaworker.info\\\/2015\\\/01\\\/Flag-e1421958552920.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"China\",\"News\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/chinaworker.info\\\/en\\\/2015\\\/01\\\/23\\\/9101\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/chinaworker.info\\\/en\\\/2015\\\/01\\\/23\\\/9101\\\/\",\"name\":\"China\u2019s GDP slowest since 1990 - 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