{"id":24296,"date":"2020-08-05T18:50:17","date_gmt":"2020-08-05T10:50:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www2.chinaworker.info\/?page_id=24296"},"modified":"2021-04-12T17:05:16","modified_gmt":"2021-04-12T09:05:16","slug":"%e6%89%98%e6%b4%9b%e8%8c%a8%e5%9f%ba%ef%bc%9a%e9%81%8e%e6%b8%a1%e7%b6%b1%e9%a0%98%ef%bc%881938%e5%b9%b4%ef%bc%89","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/chinaworker.info\/zh-hans\/%e6%89%98%e6%b4%9b%e8%8c%a8%e5%9f%ba%ef%bc%9a%e9%81%8e%e6%b8%a1%e7%b6%b1%e9%a0%98%ef%bc%881938%e5%b9%b4%ef%bc%89\/","title":{"rendered":"\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\uff1a\u8fc7\u6e21\u7eb2\u9886\uff081938\u5e74\uff09"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"tdi_1\" class=\"tdc-zone\"><div class=\"tdc_zone tdi_2  wpb_row td-pb-row\"  >\n<style scoped>\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n.tdi_2{\r\n                    min-height: 0;\r\n                }\n<\/style><div id=\"tdi_3\" class=\"tdc-row\"><div class=\"vc_row 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.tdc-elements{\r\n\t\t\t\t    display: block;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_6 > .wpb_wrapper > .tdc-elements{\r\n\t\t\t\t    width: 100%;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_6 > .wpb_wrapper > .vc_row_inner{\r\n\t\t\t\t    width: auto;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_6 > .wpb_wrapper{\r\n\t\t\t\t    width: auto;\r\n\t\t\t\t    height: auto;\r\n\t\t\t\t}\n<\/style><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\" ><div class=\"wpb_wrapper wpb_text_column td_block_wrap td_block_wrap vc_column_text tdi_7  tagdiv-type td-pb-border-top td_block_template_1\"  data-td-block-uid=\"tdi_7\" >\n<style>\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n.vc_column_text > .td-element-style{\r\n\t\t\t\t\tz-index: -1;\r\n\t\t\t\t}\n<\/style><div 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title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marxists.org\/chinese\/trotsky\/marxist.org-chinese-trotsky-1938b.htm#_ftn1\" name=\"_ftnref1\"><sup>[1]<\/sup><\/a>\u867d\u5219\u5728\u521d\u671f\u5047\u4f5c\u575a\u5b9a\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u53ea\u662f\u4ee3\u8868\u653f\u6cbb\u8ff7\u60d8\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u7279\u6b8a\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e4b\u4ea7\u751f\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ea\u6709\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u79ef\u7d2f\u4e86\u65e0\u6bd4\u8d22\u5bcc\u7684\u56fd\u5ea6\u91cc\u624d\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u3002\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u6050\u614c\u8fdc\u672a\u8d70\u5b8c\u5b83\u7684\u8def\u7a0b\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u5df2\u8868\u660e\u201c\u65b0\u653f\u201d\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u4e0e\u6cd5\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\u9635\u7ebf\u653f\u7b56\u540c\u6837\u4e0d\u80fd\u7ed9\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u6b7b\u5df7\u5f00\u8f9f\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u51fa\u53e3\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u51fa\u73b0\u4e00\u5e45\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u56fe\u753b\uff0c\u5728\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5206\u5d29\u79bb\u6790\u65e5\u8d8b\u7d27\u5f20\u7684\u5c40\u9762\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u77db\u76fe\u5df2\u7ecf\u5230\u4e86\u7edd\u8def\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u6761\u7edd\u8def\u7684\u5c3d\u5934\uff0c\u4e2a\u522b\u7684\u51b2\u7a81\u4e0e\u6d41\u8840\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u9a9a\u4e71\uff08\u963f\u6bd4\u897f\u5c3c\u4e9a<a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marxists.org\/chinese\/trotsky\/marxist.org-chinese-trotsky-1938b.htm#_ftn2\" name=\"_ftnref2\"><sup>[2]<\/sup><\/a>\u3001\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u3001\u8fdc\u4e1c\u3001\u4e2d\u6b27\uff09\uff0c\u52bf\u5fc5\u878d\u5408\u4e8e\u6a2a\u4e98\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u5927\u706b\u707e\u4e2d\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u61c2\u5f97\u65b0\u7684\u5927\u6218\u5bf9\u5b83\u7684\u7edf\u6cbb\u6743\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u81f4\u547d\u7684\u5371\u9669\u3002\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9636\u7ea7\u73b0\u5728\u907f\u514d\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u6bd4\u4e4b1914\u5e74\u7684\u524d\u591c\uff0c\u66f4\u5fae\u4e4e\u5176\u5fae\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6240\u8c13\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u6761\u4ef6\u5c1a\u672a\u201c\u6210\u719f\u201d\u8fd9\u4e00\u7c7b\u7a7a\u8bdd\uff0c\u4e43\u662f\u65e0\u77e5\u6216\u6709\u610f\u6b3a\u9a97\u7684\u4ea7\u7269\u3002\u65e0\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u9769\u547d\u7684\u5ba2\u89c2\u5148\u51b3\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5df2\u7ecf\u201c\u6210\u719f\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5df2\u5f00\u59cb\u6709\u70b9\u9709\u70c2\u4e86\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u9769\u547d\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u5728\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5386\u53f2\u65f6\u671f\u5185\u5c31\u53d1\u751f\u4e00\u4e2a\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u9769\u547d\uff0c\u5219\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u707e\u96be\u5c06\u5a01\u80c1\u5168\u90e8\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u6587\u5316\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u95ee\u9898\u5f52\u7ed3\u5230\u65e0\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u8fd8\u662f\u5f52\u7ed3\u5230\u5b83\u7684\u9769\u547d\u5148\u950b\u961f\u3002\u4eba\u7c7b\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u5371\u673a\u8fd8\u539f\u4e3a\u9769\u547d\u9886\u5bfc\u7684\u5371\u673a\u3002<br \/>\n<a name=\"2\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h3><strong>\u4e8c\u3000\u65e0\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u53ca\u5176\u9886\u5bfc<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>\u65e0\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u3001\u56fd\u5bb6\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u53ca\u5176\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u5df2\u7ed9\u793e\u4f1a\u6050\u614c\u6298\u78e8\u5f97\u5944\u5944\u4e00\u606f\u4e86\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u5904\u4e8e\u9769\u547d\u76f4\u524d\u72b6\u6001\uff08prerevolutionary state\uff09\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u3002\u4f7f\u9769\u547d\u65e0\u6cd5\u4ece\u76f4\u524d\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u53d8\u5230\u9769\u547d\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u969c\u788d\u7269\u4fbf\u662f\u65e0\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u9886\u5bfc\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u6027\u8d28\uff1b\u5b83\u5728\u5927\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u9762\u524d\u8868\u73b0\u4e4b\u5c0f\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u7684\u80c6\u602f\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e0e\u5927\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u53d1\u751f\u4e4b\u65e0\u5ec9\u803b\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u867d\u5219\u5927\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u5df2\u9677\u4e8e\u5782\u6b7b\u7684\u75db\u82e6\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u4e00\u5207\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e2d\uff0c\u65e0\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u5747\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u4e0d\u5b89\u6240\u56f0\u6270\u3002\u5343\u767e\u4e07\u7fa4\u4f17\u4e00\u6b21\u518d\u6b21\u5730\u8d70\u8fdb\u9769\u547d\u7684\u9053\u8def\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5b83\u4eec\u6bcf\u6b21\u90fd\u88ab\u5b83\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4fdd\u5b88\u7684\u5b98\u50da\u673a\u5173\u6240\u62e6\u4f4f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u7684\u65e0\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u81ea1931\u5e744\u6708\u4ee5\u6765\u5df2\u6709\u591a\u6b21\u82f1\u52c7\u7684\u5c1d\u8bd5\uff0c\u4f01\u56fe\u628a\u653f\u6743\u593a\u5230\u5b83\u624b\u91cc\u5e76\u64cd\u7eb5\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u547d\u8fd0\u3002\u4f46\u5b83\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u90a3\u4e9b\u515a\uff08\u793e\u4f1a\u515a\u3001\u65af\u5927\u6797\u515a\u3001\u65e0\u653f\u5e9c\u515a\u3001\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u4e49\u7edf\u4e00\u5de5\u515a<a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marxists.org\/chinese\/trotsky\/marxist.org-chinese-trotsky-1938b.htm#_ftn3\" name=\"_ftnref3\"><sup>[3]<\/sup><\/a>\uff09\uff0c\u5374\u5404\u81ea\u4f9d\u7167\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5c3d\u4e00\u79cd\u5236\u52a8\u673a\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u8fd9\u4fbf\u51c6\u5907\u4e86\u4f5b\u6717\u54e5\u7684\u80dc\u5229\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u6cd5\u56fd\uff0c\u201c\u9759\u5750\u201d\u7f62\u5de5\u7684\u4f1f\u5927\u6d6a\u6f6e\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u57281936\u5e746\u6708\u95f4\uff0c\u5df2\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u65e0\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u63a8\u7ffb\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u5236\u5ea6\u4e4b\u70ed\u8bda\u7684\u51b3\u5fc3\u3002\u4f46\u8d1f\u8d23\u9886\u5bfc\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff08\u793e\u4f1a\u515a\u3001\u65af\u5927\u6797\u515a\u3001\u5de5\u56e2\u4e3b\u4e49\u6d3e\uff09\u5374\u5728\u4eba\u6c11\u9635\u7ebf<a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marxists.org\/chinese\/trotsky\/marxist.org-chinese-trotsky-1938b.htm#_ftn4\" name=\"_ftnref4\"><sup>[4]<\/sup><\/a>\u7684\u5e4c\u5b50\u4e0b\uff0c\u5f97\u4ee5\uff08\u81f3\u5c11\u5728\u6682\u65f6\u95f4\uff09\u7ea6\u675f\u4e86\u5e76\u62e6\u4f4f\u4e86\u9769\u547d\u7684\u6f6e\u6d41\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\uff0c\u9759\u5750\u7f62\u5de5\u4e4b\u7a7a\u524d\u7684\u6d6a\u6f6e\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ea7\u4e1a\u5de5\u4f1a\u8fd0\u52a8\uff08C.I.O.\uff09<a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marxists.org\/chinese\/trotsky\/marxist.org-chinese-trotsky-1938b.htm#_ftn5\" name=\"_ftnref5\"><sup>[5]<\/sup><\/a>\u7684\u60ca\u4eba\u7684\u8fc5\u901f\u589e\u957f\uff0c\u5df2\u4e0d\u53ef\u8fa9\u9a73\u5730\u8868\u660e\u7f8e\u56fd\u5de5\u4eba\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u672c\u80fd\u7684\u594b\u6597\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u594b\u6597\u8981\u4f7f\u5b83\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\u63d0\u9ad8\u5230\u5386\u53f2\u7ed9\u4e88\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u90a3\u4e9b\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u6c34\u51c6\u3002\u4f46\u5c31\u5728\u6b64\u5730\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u8d1f\u9886\u5bfc\u8d23\u4efb\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u65b0\u5efa\u7acb\u7684C.I.O.\u5728\u5185\uff0c\u4e5f\u62da\u547d\u53bb\u538b\u6291\u53ca\u762b\u75ea\u7fa4\u4f17\u7684\u9769\u547d\u538b\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5171\u4ea7\u56fd\u9645<a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marxists.org\/chinese\/trotsky\/marxist.org-chinese-trotsky-1938b.htm#_ftn6\" name=\"_ftnref6\"><sup>[6]<\/sup><\/a>\u4e4b\u786e\u5b9a\u5730\u8d70\u5230\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u79e9\u5e8f\u65b9\u9762\u53bb\uff0c\u5b83\u90a3\u904d\u53ca\u5168\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5728\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u3001\u6cd5\u56fd\u3001\u7f8e\u56fd\u53ca\u5176\u5b83\u201c\u6c11\u4e3b\u201d\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e2d\u4e4b\u65e0\u803b\u7684\u53cd\u9769\u547d\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u5df2\u7ed9\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u65e0\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u4ea7\u751f\u8bb8\u591a\u7279\u522b\u7684\u9644\u52a0\u56f0\u96be\u3002\u5728\u5341\u6708\u9769\u547d\u7684\u65d7\u5e1c\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u201c\u4eba\u6c11\u9635\u7ebf\u201d\u6240\u5b9e\u884c\u7684\u8c03\u548c\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u52bf\u5fc5\u4f7f\u5de5\u4eba\u9636\u7ea7\u53d8\u5f97\u65e0\u80fd\uff0c\u4e14\u7ed9\u6cd5\u897f\u65af\u6e05\u9664\u9053\u8def\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u4eba\u6c11\u9635\u7ebf\u2014\u2014\u53e6\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u6cd5\u897f\u65af\u4e3b\u4e49\uff1b\u8fd9\u4e24\u8005\u4e43\u662f\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u53cd\u5bf9\u65e0\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u9769\u547d\u65f6\u7684\u6700\u540e\u653f\u6cbb\u8d44\u6e90\u3002\u4f46\u4ece\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u8d44\u6e90\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5e94\u6025\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u3002\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u5728\u6cd5\u5170\u897f\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u7684\u7ea2\u65d7\u5fbd\u8bb0\u4e4b\u4e0b\u4e0e\u5728\u5fb7\u56fd\u56fd\u793e\u515a\u534d\u5b57\u5f62\u7684\u6807\u5fd7\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u90fd\u540c\u6837\u5730\u5728\u7ee7\u7eed\u8150\u70c2\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u5f7b\u5e95\u63a8\u7ffb\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u624d\u80fd\u6253\u5f00\u4e00\u6761\u51fa\u8def\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7fa4\u4f17\u6240\u8d70\u7684\u8def\u5411\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u7531\u6ca1\u843d\u7684\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5ba2\u89c2\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u5176\u6b21\u5219\u7531\u65e7\u5de5\u4eba\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u53db\u5356\u653f\u7b56\u6765\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u56e0\u7d20\u5f53\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f53\u7136\u5934\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f\u51b3\u5b9a\u7684\uff1a\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u89c4\u5f8b\uff0c\u7a76\u7adf\u5f3a\u8fc7\u5b98\u50da\u7684\u673a\u5173\u3002\u4e0d\u7ba1\u793e\u4f1a\u53db\u5356\u8005\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5982\u4f55\u4e0d\u540c\u2014\u2014\u7531\u5e03\u9c81\u59c6\uff08Blum\uff09<a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marxists.org\/chinese\/trotsky\/marxist.org-chinese-trotsky-1938b.htm#_ftn7\" name=\"_ftnref7\"><sup>[7]<\/sup><\/a>\u7684\u201c\u793e\u4f1a\u201d\u7acb\u6cd5\u5230\u65af\u5927\u6797\u7684\u83ab\u987b\u6709\u7684\u51a4\u72f1\u2014\u2014\u5b83\u4eec\u5c06\u6c38\u4e0d\u80fd\u7834\u574f\u65e0\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u9769\u547d\u7684\u610f\u5fd7\u3002\u5f80\u540e\u968f\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u8fdb\u5c55\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4f01\u56fe\u628a\u5386\u53f2\u8f66\u8f6e\u5f80\u540e\u62c9\u7684\u7edd\u671b\u7684\u52aa\u529b\uff0c\u5c06\u66f4\u6e05\u695a\u5730\u5411\u7fa4\u4f17\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u65e0\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u9886\u5bfc\u7684\u5371\u673a\uff0c\u5df2\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u4eba\u7c7b\u6587\u5316\u7684\u5371\u673a\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u4e00\u5371\u673a\u53ea\u6709\u7b2c\u56db\u56fd\u9645\u624d\u80fd\u89e3\u51b3\u3002<br \/>\n<a name=\"3\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h3><strong>\u4e09\u3000\u6700\u4f4e\u9650\u5ea6\u7eb2\u9886\u4e0e\u8fc7\u6e21\u7eb2\u9886<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u65f6\u671f\u2014\u2014\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ece\u4e8b\u9f13\u52a8\u3001\u5ba3\u4f20\u4e0e\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u9769\u547d\u7684\u76f4\u524d\u65f6\u671f\u2014\u2014\u7684\u6218\u7565\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u5728\u4e8e\u514b\u670d\u9769\u547d\u5ba2\u89c2\u6761\u4ef6\u4e4b\u6210\u719f\u4e0e\u65e0\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u53ca\u5176\u5148\u950b\u961f\u4e0d\u6210\u719f\u6027\uff08\u8001\u4e00\u4ee3\u7684\u6df7\u4e71\u5931\u671b\uff1b\u65b0\u4e00\u4ee3\u7684\u65e0\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff09\u95f4\u7684\u77db\u76fe\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u5e2e\u52a9\u7fa4\u4f17\u5728\u65e5\u5e38\u6597\u4e89\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u53bb\u627e\u5230\u5f53\u524d\u8981\u6c42\u4e0e\u9769\u547d\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u653f\u7eb2\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6865\u6881\u3002\u8fd9\u9053\u6865\u6881\u5e94\u5305\u62ec<b>\u8fc7\u6e21\u8981\u6c42<\/b>\uff08transitional demands\uff09\u7684\u6574\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u8981\u7531\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e14\u7531\u5de5\u4eba\u9636\u7ea7\u5e7f\u5927\u5c42\u4efd\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u89c9\u609f\u4e2d\u5f15\u7533\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u5230\u6700\u540e\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\uff1a\u65e0\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u593a\u5f97\u653f\u6743\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u53e4\u5178\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u6c11\u4e3b\u515a\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u5411\u4e0a\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u65f6\u4ee3\u4e2d\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u653f\u7eb2\u5206\u6210\u4e92\u76f8\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u90e8\u4efd\uff1a\u5934\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u662f<b>\u6700\u4f4e\u9650\u5ea6\u7eb2\u9886<\/b>\uff08minimum program\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u7eb2\u9886\u5c06\u81ea\u5df1\u5c40\u9650\u4e8e\u5728\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u793e\u4f1a\u4f53\u5236\u5185\u7684\u6539\u826f\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u90e8\u4efd\u662f<b>\u6700\u5927\u9650\u5ea6\u7eb2\u9886<\/b>\uff08maximum 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strikes\uff09\u662f\u8fd9\u7c7b\u521b\u9020\u7cbe\u795e\u7684\u6700\u65b0\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u5b83\u5df2\u8d70\u51fa\u201c\u5e38\u6001\u7684\u201d\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u754c\u9650\u4e4b\u5916\u3002\u5728\u7f62\u5de5\u8005\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u6682\u65f6\u7684\u5360\u9886\u5de5\u5382\u7ed9\u90a3\u4e2a\u5076\u50cf\u2014\u2014\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u8d22\u4ea7\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e00\u8bb0\u6253\u51fb\u3002\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b21\u9759\u5750\u7f62\u5de5\u90fd\u4ee5\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u63d0\u51fa\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u8c01\u662f\u5de5\u5382\u7684\u4e3b\u4eba\uff0c\u8d44\u672c\u5bb6\u8fd8\u662f\u5de5\u4eba\u5462\uff1f<\/p>\n<p>\u5047\u5982\u9759\u5750\u7f62\u5de5\u662f\u63d2\u8bdd\u5f0f\u5730\u63d0\u51fa\u90a3\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u90a3\u672b<b>\u5de5\u5382\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a<\/b>\uff08factory 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name=\"10\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h3><strong>\u5341\u3000\u7ea0\u5bdf\u961f\uff0d\u81ea\u536b\u56e2\uff0d\u5de5\u4eba\u6c11\u5175\uff0d\u65e0\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u6b66\u88c5<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>\u9759\u5750\u7f62\u5de5\u662f\u7fa4\u4f17\u65b9\u9762\u53d1\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u8b66\u544a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8b66\u544a\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u5bf9\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u662f\u5bf9\u5de5\u4eba\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u7b2c\u56db\u56fd\u9645\uff09\u800c\u53d1\u30021919\uff0d1920\u5e74\u610f\u5927\u5229\u5de5\u4eba\u4f9d\u7167\u4ed6\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u521b\u610f\u5360\u636e\u4e86\u5de5\u5382\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u4fbf\u7ed9\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u201c\u9886\u8896\u201d\u9001\u6765\u4e00\u4e2a\u793e\u4f1a\u9769\u547d\u5c31\u8981\u5230\u6765\u7684\u4fe1\u53f7\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u201c\u9886\u8896\u4eec\u201d\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4fe1\u53f7\u4e0d\u5c51\u4e00\u987e\u3002\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\u6cd5\u897f\u65af\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u80dc\u5229\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9759\u5750\u7f62\u5de5\u4e0d\u80fd\u8bf4\u662f\u610f\u5927\u5229\u5f0f\u7684\u5de5\u5382\u5360\u636e\uff1b\u4f46\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u8d70\u5411\u8fd9\u6837\u5360\u636e\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u51b3\u5b9a\u7684\u6b65\u9aa4\u3002\u76ee\u524d\u7684\u6050\u614c\u80fd\u591f\u628a\u9636\u7ea7\u6597\u4e89\u5f04\u5f97\u6781\u5ea6\u7d27\u5f20\uff0c\u4e14\u4f7f\u5b83\u66f4\u8feb\u8fd1\u4e8e\u603b\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u65f6\u523b\u3002\u4f46\u8fd9\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u8bf4\u4e00\u4e2a\u9769\u547d\u60c5\u52bf\u6307\u987e\u95f4\u4fbf\u53ef\u5230\u6765\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5b83\u7684\u5230\u6765\u662f\u7531\u4e00\u8fde\u4e32\u7684\u9707\u52a8\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9707\u52a8\u4e4b\u4e00\u4fbf\u662f\u9759\u5750\u7f62\u5de5\u7684\u6d6a\u6f6e\u3002\u7b2c\u56db\u56fd\u9645\u652f\u90e8\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u5982\u4f55\u5e2e\u52a9\u65e0\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u7684\u5148\u950b\u961f\uff0c\u53bb\u4e86\u89e3\u6211\u4eec\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u6027\u8d28\u548c\u8282\u62cd\uff0c\u5e76\u53ca\u65f6\u5730\u4ee5\u66f4\u679c\u51b3\u548c\u5bcc\u4e8e\u6218\u6597\u7cbe\u795e\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u53bb\u4f7f\u7fa4\u4f17\u6597\u4e89\u83b7\u5f97\u6210\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u65e0\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u6597\u4e89\u7684\u5c16\u9510\u5316\uff0c\u610f\u5473\u7740\u8d44\u672c\u5bb6\u65b9\u9762\u53cd\u653b\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u5c16\u9510\u5316\u3002\u9759\u5750\u7f62\u5de5\u7684\u65b0\u6d6a\u6f6e\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u5524\u8d77\u800c\u4e14\u6beb\u65e0\u7591\u4e49\u5730\u8981\u5524\u8d77\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u575a\u51b3\u7684\u5bf9\u7b56\u3002\u5927\u6258\u62c9\u65af\u7684\u673a\u5bc6\u53c2\u8c0b\u90e8\u5df2\u628a\u51c6\u5907\u5de5\u4f5c\u505a\u597d\u4e86\u3002\u5047\u5982\u518d\u4e0d\u7559\u610f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9634\u8c0b\u4f7f\u9769\u547d\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e0e\u65e0\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u518d\u53d7\u5230\u4e0d\u610f\u7684\u6253\u51fb\uff0c\u90a3\u53ef\u5c31\u60b2\u60e8\u6781\u4e86\uff01<\/p>\n<p>\u65e0\u8bba\u54ea\u91cc\u7684\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u90fd\u4e0d\u4ee5\u6b63\u5f0f\u7684\u8b66\u5bdf\u548c\u519b\u961f\u4e3a\u6ee1\u8db3\u7684\u3002\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5728\u201c\u548c\u5e73\u201d\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u4e5f\u8981\u5728\u5de5\u5382\u4e2d\u7ef4\u6301\u4e00\u6279\u519b\u4e8b\u5316\u7684\u7f62\u5de5\u7834\u574f\u961f\u4ee5\u53ca\u79c1\u4eba\u7684\u6b66\u88c5\u6253\u624b\u3002\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u76ee\u4e0b\u8fd8\u8981\u52a0\u4e0a\u7f8e\u56fd\u5f0f\u7eb3\u7cb9\u515a\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u5404\u5f0f\u7684\u96c6\u56e2\u3002\u6cd5\u56fd\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u5728\u5371\u673a\u521d\u6b21\u8feb\u8fd1\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4fbf\u52a8\u5458\u4e86\u90a3\u4e9b\u534a\u5408\u6cd5\u548c\u975e\u6cd5\u7684\u6cd5\u897f\u65af\u961f\u4f0d\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u519b\u961f\u4e2d\u7684\u8fd9\u4e00\u7c7b\u961f\u4f0d\uff09\u3002\u82f1\u56fd\u5de5\u4eba\u538b\u529b\u521a\u521a\u518d\u5ea6\u53d8\u5f97\u5f3a\u4e86\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u6469\u65af\u6765\u7235\u58eb\u7684\u961f\u4f0d\u4fbf\u4e24\u500d\uff0c\u4e09\u500d\u751a\u800c\u589e\u52a0\u5230\u5341\u500d\uff0c\u4ece\u4e8b\u5411\u5de5\u4eba\u4f5c\u6d41\u8840\u7684\u8fdb\u653b\u3002\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u81ea\u8eab\u5df2\u5f88\u7cbe\u786e\u7684\u77e5\u9053\u8fd9\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e8b\uff0c\u5373\uff0c\u5728\u76ee\u524d\u8fd9\u4e00\u65f6\u671f\u4e2d\uff0c\u9636\u7ea7\u6597\u4e89\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u6297\u62d2\u5730\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u8f6c\u53d8\u81ea\u8eab\u4e3a\u5185\u6218\u3002\u610f\u5927\u5229\u3001\u5fb7\u56fd\u3001\u5965\u56fd\u3001\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u5b83\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u7ed9\u5927\u8d44\u672c\u5bb6\u53ca\u5176\u4ec6\u5f79\u7684\u6559\u8bad\uff0c\u8f83\u7ed9\u65e0\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u5b98\u5f0f\u9886\u8896\u7684\u6559\u8bad\u5927\u5f97\u591a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e8c<a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marxists.org\/chinese\/trotsky\/marxist.org-chinese-trotsky-1938b.htm#_ftn8\" 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size=\"1\" width=\"70%\" \/>\n<p>\u5728\u6218\u4e89\u7206\u53d1\u4e4b\u59cb\uff0c\u7b2c\u56db\u56fd\u9645\u7684\u652f\u90e8\u5c06\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u5730\u611f\u5230\u81ea\u5df1\u5b64\u7acb\uff1a\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u6218\u4e89\u90fd\u662f\u51b7\u4e0d\u9632\u5730\u52a0\u5728\u5168\u56fd\u7fa4\u4f17\u7684\u5934\u4e0a\u7684\uff0c\u4e14\u63a8\u4f7f\u4ed6\u4eec\u7ad9\u5230\u653f\u5e9c\u673a\u5173\u65b9\u9762\u3002\u56fd\u9645\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u5fc5\u987b\u9006\u6d41\u524d\u8fdb\u3002\u4f46\u65b0\u7684\u5927\u6218\u6240\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u707e\u5bb3\u4e0e\u8d2b\u7a77\u5c06\u5728\u5934\u51e0\u4e2a\u6708\u4e4b\u5185\u5c31\u8fdc\u8d85\u8fc71914\uff0d1918\u5e74\u7684\u6d41\u8840\u6050\u6016\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f1a\u5f88\u5feb\u4f7f\u4eba\u6e05\u9192\u3002\u7fa4\u4f17\u7684\u4e0d\u6ee1\u53ca\u5176\u53cd\u6297\u5c06\u98de\u901f\u589e\u957f\u3002\u7b2c\u56db\u56fd\u9645\u7684\u652f\u90e8\u5c06\u7ad9\u5728\u9769\u547d\u6d6a\u6f6e\u7684\u524d\u5934\u3002\u8fc7\u6e21\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u7eb2\u9886\u5c06\u83b7\u5f97\u8feb\u5207\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u6027\u3002\u65e0\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u593a\u53d6\u653f\u6743\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u5c06\u5168\u90e8\u6bd5\u73b0\u3002<\/p>\n<hr size=\"1\" width=\"70%\" \/>\n<p>\u5728\u672a\u628a\u4eba\u7c7b\u5f04\u5f97\u67af\u7aed\u6216\u6d78\u6ca1\u5728\u8840\u6cca\u4e2d\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u7528\u6c11\u65cf\u4ec7\u6068\u548c\u79cd\u65cf\u4ec7\u6068\u7684\u6bd2\u6c14\u6765\u6c61\u6d4a\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u5927\u6c14\u3002\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u53cd\u72b9\u592a\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e34\u6b7b\u75db\u82e6\u4e4b\u66f4\u6076\u6bd2\u7684\u75c9\u631b\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u628a\u79cd\u65cf\u504f\u89c1\u7684\u6839\u6e90\u4ee5\u53ca\u5404\u5f0f\u6c11\u65cf\u81ea\u5927\u548c\u6c99\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u53cd\u72b9\u592a\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u5185\u5e55\u52a0\u4ee5\u4e0d\u53ef\u8c03\u548c\u7684\u63ed\u9732\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u6210\u4e3a\u7b2c\u56db\u56fd\u9645\u5404\u652f\u90e8\u65e5\u5e38\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e4b\u4e00\u90e8\u4efd\uff0c\u4e14\u662f\u53cd\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u53cd\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u53e3\u53f7\u4ecd\u662f\uff1a\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u5de5\u4eba\u8054\u5408\u8d77\u6765\uff01<br \/>\n<a name=\"13\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h3><strong>\u5341\u4e09\u3000\u5de5\u519c\u653f\u5e9c<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>\u201c\u5de5\u519c\u653f\u5e9c\u201d\u7684\u516c\u5f0f\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u51fa\u73b0\u4e8e1917\u5e74\u5e03\u5c14\u4ec0\u7ef4\u514b\u7684\u9f13\u52a8\u4e2d\uff0c\u5728\u5341\u6708\u9769\u547d\u4e4b\u540e\u5219\u88ab\u786e\u5b9a\u5730\u63a5\u53d7\u3002\u6700\u7ec8\u8bf4\u6765\uff0c\u5b83\u53ea\u662f\u4ee3\u8868\u5df2\u5efa\u7acb\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u65e0\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u4e13\u653f\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u901a\u4fd7\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u540d\u79f0\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u5728\u4e8e\u5b83\u7740\u91cd\u5730\u6307\u51fa\u4e86\u6784\u6210\u82cf\u7ef4\u57c3\u653f\u6743\u57fa\u7840\u7684<b>\u65e0\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u4e0e\u519c\u6c11\u540c\u76df<\/b>\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5f53\u4e0d\u8096\u95e8\u5f92\u4eec\u7684\u5171\u4ea7\u56fd\u9645\u5984\u60f3\u6062\u590d\u90a3\u4e2a\u5df2\u4e3a\u5386\u53f2\u57cb\u846c\u4e86\u7684\u201c\u65e0\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u4e0e\u519c\u6c11\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e13\u653f\u201d\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7ed9\u201c\u5de5\u519c\u653f\u5e9c\u201d\u7684\u516c\u5f0f\u4ee5\u4e00\u79cd\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u3001\u7eaf\u201c\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u201d\u4ea6\u5373\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u62ff\u5b83\u6765<b>\u5bf9\u6297<\/b>\u65e0\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u4e13\u653f\u3002\u5e03\u5c14\u4ec0\u7ef4\u514b\uff0d\u5217\u5b81\u6d3e\u575a\u51b3\u6392\u65a5\u8fd9\u79cd\u4ee5\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e3b\u4e49\u6765\u8be0\u91ca\u7684\u201c\u5de5\u519c\u653f\u5e9c\u201d\u7684\u53e3\u53f7\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u8fc7\u53bb\u8ba4\u5b9a\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u4e5f\u8ba4\u5b9a\u65e0\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u7684\u515a\u5982\u62d2\u7edd\u8d85\u51fa\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u754c\u9650\uff0c\u5219\u5b83\u548c\u519c\u6c11\u7684\u540c\u76df\uff0c\u4fbf\u5e72\u8106\u6210\u4e3a\u8d44\u672c\u5bb6\u7684\u4e00\u6839\u652f\u67f1\uff0c\u6b63\u59821917\u5e74\u7684\u5b5f\u4ec0\u7ef4\u514b<a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marxists.org\/chinese\/trotsky\/marxist.org-chinese-trotsky-1938b.htm#_ftn9\" name=\"_ftnref9\"><sup>[9]<\/sup><\/a>\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u9769\u547d\u515a<a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marxists.org\/chinese\/trotsky\/marxist.org-chinese-trotsky-1938b.htm#_ftn10\" name=\"_ftnref10\"><sup>[10]<\/sup><\/a>\uff0c1925\uff0d27\u5e74\u4e2d\u56fd\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u4ee5\u53ca\u73b0\u5728\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u3001\u6cd5\u56fd\u53ca\u5176\u5b83\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e2d\u201c\u4eba\u6c11\u9635\u7ebf\u201d\u7684\u60c5\u5f62\u4e00\u6837\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4ece1917\u5e74\u56db\u6708\u81f3\u4e5d\u6708\uff0c\u5e03\u5c14\u4ec0\u7ef4\u514b\u8981\u6c42\u793e\u4f1a\u9769\u547d\u4e0e\u5b5f\u4ec0\u7ef4\u514b\u8ddf\u81ea\u7531\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u7834\u88c2\uff0c\u5e76\u628a\u653f\u6743\u593a\u5230\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u624b\u4e2d\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6761\u4ef6\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u5e03\u5c14\u4ec0\u7ef4\u514b\u515a\u7b54\u5e94\u5728\u53cd\u5bf9\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u7ed9\u4e88\u90a3\u4e9b\u5145\u5f53\u5de5\u519c\u5e95\u5c0f\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u5b5f\u4ec0\u7ef4\u514b\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u9769\u547d\u515a\u4ee5\u9769\u547d\u7684\u63f4\u52a9\uff0c\u4f46\u7edd\u5bf9\u62d2\u7edd\u52a0\u5165\u5b5f\u4ec0\u7ef4\u514b\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u9769\u547d\u515a\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\uff0c\u6216\u66ff\u8fd9\u4e2a\u653f\u5e9c\u8d1f\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\u3002\u5047\u5982\u5b5f\u4ec0\u7ef4\u514b\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u9769\u547d\u515a\u771f\u7684\u548c\u7acb\u5baa\u6c11\u4e3b\u515a\uff08\u81ea\u7531\u6d3e\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u56fd\u5916\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u7834\u88c2\uff0c\u5219\u4ed6\u4eec\u521b\u7acb\u7684\u201c\u5de5\u519c\u653f\u5e9c\u201d\u4fbf\u53ea\u6709\u52a0\u901f\u548c\u4fbf\u5229\u65e0\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u4e13\u653f\u7684\u5efa\u7acb\u3002\u4f46\u6b63\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u5c0f\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u624d\u51fa\u5168\u529b\u6765\u53cd\u5bf9\u5efa\u7acb\u4ed6\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\u3002\u4fc4\u56fd\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u5df2\u7ecf\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u800c\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u53ca\u6cd5\u56fd\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u53c8\u518d\u5ea6\u8bc1\u660e\uff1a\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u5f88\u987a\u5229\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u5c0f\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u653f\u515a\uff08\u793e\u4f1a\u9769\u547d\u515a\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u6c11\u4e3b\u515a\u3001\u65af\u5927\u6797\u515a\u3001\u65e0\u653f\u5e9c\u515a\uff09\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u591f\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u5de5\u519c\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\uff0c\u5373\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u8131\u79bb\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u800c\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f46\u5e03\u5c14\u4ec0\u7ef4\u514b\u5411\u5b5f\u4ec0\u7ef4\u514b\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u9769\u547d\u515a\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u201c\u548c\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u7834\u88c2\uff0c\u628a\u653f\u6743\u593a\u5230\u4f60\u4eec\u624b\u4e2d\uff01\u201d\u5bf9\u7fa4\u4f17\u5df2\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u5b5f\u4ec0\u7ef4\u514b\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u9769\u547d\u515a\u4e4b\u987d\u56fa\u7684\u4e0d\u613f\u593a\u53d6\u653f\u6743\uff0c\u5728\u4e03\u6708\u90a3\u4e9b\u65e5\u5b50\u5f53\u4e2d\uff0c\u66b4\u9732\u7684\u592a\u5389\u5bb3\u4e86\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u7fa4\u4f17\u7684\u8206\u8bba\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u786e\u5b9a\u5730\u5ba3\u544a\u4e86\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u6b7b\u5211\u5e76\u51c6\u5907\u4e86\u5e03\u5c14\u4ec0\u7ef4\u514b\u515a\u7684\u80dc\u5229\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c\u56db\u56fd\u9645\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4efb\u52a1\u662f\u628a\u65e0\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u4ece\u65e7\u6d3e\u9886\u5bfc\u4e2d\u89e3\u653e\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u65e7\u6d3e\u9886\u5bfc\u7684\u4fdd\u5b88\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u4e0e\u6b63\u5728\u74e6\u89e3\u7684\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u5e95\u7834\u5c40\u7684\u5927\u7206\u53d1\u5b8c\u5168\u77db\u76fe\uff0c\u5b83\u6210\u4e3a\u5386\u53f2\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u969c\u788d\u3002\u7b2c\u56db\u56fd\u9645\u63a7\u544a\u90a3\u4e9b\u65e0\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u4f20\u7edf\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u7f6a\u72b6\u4fbf\u662f\u5b83\u4eec\u4e0d\u613f\u548c\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u5e95\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u534a\u6b7b\u5c38\u5272\u88c2\u5f00\u6765\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u6761\u4ef6\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u6709\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5411\u90a3\u4e2a\u65e7\u6d3e\u9886\u5bfc\u63d0\u51fa\u8981\u6c42\uff1a\u201c\u4e0e\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u7834\u88c2\uff0c\u593a\u53d6\u653f\u6743\uff01\u201d\u5c31\u662f\u66b4\u9732\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7b2c\u4e09\u53ca\u963f\u59c6\u65af\u7279\u4e39\u56fd\u9645<a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marxists.org\/chinese\/trotsky\/marxist.org-chinese-trotsky-1938b.htm#_ftn11\" name=\"_ftnref11\"><sup>[11]<\/sup><\/a>\u5e95\u53db\u5356\u6027\u8d28\u7684\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6b66\u5668\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u201c\u5de5\u519c\u653f\u5e9c\u201d\u7684\u53e3\u53f7\u4e4b\u80fd\u5f97\u5230\u6211\u4eec\u540c\u610f\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u6309\u7167\u5b83\u4e8e1917\u5e74\u88ab\u5e03\u5c14\u4ec0\u7ef4\u514b\u63d0\u51fa\u65f6\u7684\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u5373\uff0c\u628a\u5b83\u5f53\u4f5c\u53cd\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u548c\u53cd\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u53e3\u53f7\uff0c\u800c\u7edd\u4e0d\u662f\u6309\u7167\u540e\u6765\u4e0d\u8096\u95e8\u5f92\u6240\u7ed9\u4e88\u5b83\u7684\u90a3\u79cd\u201c\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u201d\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u628a\u5b83\u4ece\u4e00\u5ea7\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u9769\u547d\u7684\u6865\u6881\u6539\u53d8\u4e3a\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u9769\u547d\u9053\u8def\u4e0a\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u969c\u788d\u7269\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u6c42\u4e00\u5207\u4ee5\u5de5\u519c\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u4e14\u4ee5\u5de5\u519c\u540d\u4e49\u53d1\u8a00\u7684\u653f\u515a\u53ca\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0a\u548c\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u7834\u88c2\u4e14\u8d70\u5411\u4e3a\u5de5\u519c\u653f\u5e9c\u800c\u6597\u4e89\u7684\u9053\u8def\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u6761\u9053\u8def\u4e0a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7b54\u5e94\u4e88\u4ed6\u4eec\u53cd\u5bf9\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u53cd\u52a8\u4ee5\u5168\u90e8\u7684\u652f\u6301\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u56f4\u7ed5\u5728\u90a3\u4e9b\u8fc7\u6e21\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u5468\u56f4\uff0c\u8fdb\u884c\u4e0d\u61c8\u7684\u9f13\u52a8\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8fc7\u6e21\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u6309\u7167\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u89c1\u89e3\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u6784\u6210\u201c\u5de5\u519c\u653f\u5e9c\u201d\u7684\u653f\u7eb2\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7531\u90a3\u4e9b\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u5de5\u4eba\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6765\u4ea7\u751f\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\u662f\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u5417\uff1f\u4e0a\u9762\u5df2\u7ecf\u8bf4\u8fc7\uff0c\u8fc7\u53bb\u7ecf\u9a8c\u8bc1\u660e\uff1a\u8fd9\u662f\u6781\u5ea6\u9760\u4e0d\u4f4f\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u4eba\u4eec\u5374\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e8b\u5148\u4fbf\u7edd\u5bf9\u5426\u8ba4\u5b83\u6709\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff0c\u5728\u5b8c\u5168\u4f8b\u5916\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\uff08\u5982\u6218\u4e89\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u8d22\u653f\u7834\u4ea7\uff0c\u7fa4\u4f17\u9769\u547d\u7684\u538b\u8feb\uff09\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u5c0f\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u653f\u515a\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u65af\u5927\u6797\u515a\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f1a\u51fa\u4e4e\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u610f\u613f\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u6cbf\u7740\u4e0e\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u7834\u88c2\u4e4b\u8def\u8d70\u7684\u66f4\u8fdc\u4e00\u4e9b\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u65e0\u8bba\u5982\u4f55\u6709\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e8b\u662f\u4e0d\u5bb9\u7f6e\u7591\u7684\uff1a\u5373\u4f7f\u67d0\u65f6\u67d0\u5730\u8fd9\u79cd\u6781\u5ea6\u9760\u4e0d\u4f4f\u7684\u53d8\u6001\u53d8\u6210\u73b0\u5b9e\u800c\u4f9d\u7167\u4e0a\u8ff0\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u201c\u5de5\u519c\u653f\u5e9c\u201d\u88ab\u5efa\u9020\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u5b83\u4e5f\u53ea\u662f\u4ee3\u8868\u771f\u6b63\u65e0\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u72ec\u88c1\u9053\u8def\u4e0a\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u77ed\u4fc3\u7684\u63d2\u8bdd\u800c\u5df2\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f46\u6211\u4eec\u6bcb\u987b\u591a\u4e8b\u731c\u6d4b\u3002\u56f4\u7ed5\u7740\u5de5\u519c\u653f\u5e9c\u53e3\u53f7\u7684\u9f13\u52a8\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u5207\u60c5\u5f62\u4e0b\u90fd\u4fdd\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u4ef7\u503c\u3002\u800c\u4e14\uff08\u5b83\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u4fdd\u6709\u8fd9\u79cd\u4ef7\u503c\uff09\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u5076\u7136\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e00\u822c\u5316\u7684\u53e3\u53f7\u5b8c\u5168\u662f\u5faa\u7740\u6211\u4eec\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65f6\u4ee3\u5e95\u653f\u6cbb\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u8def\u7ebf\uff08\u65e7\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u653f\u515a\u7684\u7834\u88c2\u548c\u89e3\u4f53\uff0c\u6c11\u4e3b\u5236\u7684\u584c\u53f0\uff0c\u6cd5\u897f\u65af\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u589e\u957f\uff0c\u5de5\u4eba\u4e4b\u52a0\u901f\u5730\u8d70\u5411\u66f4\u79ef\u6781\u548c\u653b\u52bf\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u6d3b\u52a8\uff09\u63d0\u51fa\u6765\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8fc7\u6e21\u8981\u6c42\u4e4b\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u8981\u6c42\u90fd\u5f15\u5f97\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u540c\u4e00\u7684\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u7ed3\u8bba\uff1a\u5de5\u4eba\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u548c\u4e00\u5207\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u653f\u515a\u7834\u88c2\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u8054\u5408\u519c\u6c11\u5efa\u7acb\u4ed6\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u653f\u6743\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u60f3\u4e8b\u5148\u9884\u89c1\u5230\u7fa4\u4f17\u9769\u547d\u5e95\u52a8\u5458\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u9636\u6bb5\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u3002\u7b2c\u56db\u56fd\u9645\u7684\u652f\u90e8\u5e94\u8be5\u5728\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u9636\u6bb5\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ee5\u6279\u5224\u6001\u5ea6\u6765\u786e\u5b9a\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u65b9\u5411\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u4e00\u4e9b\u53e3\u53f7\u53bb\u5e2e\u52a9\u5de5\u4eba\u4e89\u5f97\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u52a0\u6df1\u8fd9\u4e9b\u653f\u6cbb\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u9636\u7ea7\u6027\uff0c\u7834\u9664\u6539\u826f\u4e3b\u4e49\u53ca\u548c\u5e73\u4e3b\u4e49\u5e7b\u60f3\uff0c\u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\/>\n<a name=\"16\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h3><strong>\u5341\u516d\u3000\u6cd5\u897f\u65af\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e2d\u7684\u8fc7\u6e21\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u7eb2\u9886<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>\u5171\u4ea7\u56fd\u9645\u5e95\u6218\u7565\u5bb6\u66fe\u7ecf\u5ba3\u5e03\u8fc7\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u7684\u80dc\u5229\u53ea\u662f\u8d70\u5411\u53f0\u5c14\u66fc\uff08Thaelmann\uff09<a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marxists.org\/chinese\/trotsky\/marxist.org-chinese-trotsky-1938b.htm#_ftn12\" name=\"_ftnref12\"><sup>[12]<\/sup><\/a>\u80dc\u5229\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6b65\u9aa4\uff0c\u8fd9\u53e5\u8bdd\u4eca\u5929\u542c\u8d77\u6765\u5df2\u7ecf\u53e4\u8fdc\u7684\u5f88\u4e86\u3002\u53f0\u5c14\u66fc\u5750\u5728\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u7684\u76d1\u72f1\u91cc\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u5df2\u7ecf\u6709\u4e94\u5e74\u591a\u4e86\u3002\u58a8\u7d22\u91cc\u5c3c\u5df2\u7ecf\u7528\u6cd5\u897f\u65af\u4e3b\u4e49\u628a\u610f\u5927\u5229\u6346\u7ed1\u4e8616\u5e74\u591a\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u6574\u4e2a\u65f6\u671f\u5185\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u548c\u7b2c\u4e09\u56fd\u9645\u4e0d\u4ec5\u65e0\u6cd5\u9886\u5bfc\u4e00\u4e2a\u7fa4\u4f17\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u8fd8\u65e0\u6cd5\u4ea7\u751f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e25\u8083\u7684\uff0c\u591a\u5c11\u4e0e\u6c99\u7687\u65f6\u4ee3\u9769\u547d\u653f\u515a\u76f8\u6bd4\u62df\u7684\u975e\u6cd5\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u62ff\u6cd5\u897f\u65af\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u90a3\u662f\u4e00\u70b9\u7406\u7531\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u7684\u3002\uff08\u58a8\u7d22\u91cc\u5c3c\u6839\u672c\u5c31\u4ece\u6765\u6ca1\u6709\u63d0\u51fa\u8fc7\u4ec0\u4e48\u601d\u60f3\uff09\u3002\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u7684\u201c\u601d\u60f3\u201d\u4ece\u6765\u5c31\u6ca1\u6709\u8ba4\u771f\u5730\u5438\u5f15\u4f4f\u5de5\u4eba\u3002\u6c11\u4f17\u4e2d\u90a3\u4e9b\u4e00\u65f6\u9676\u9189\u4e8e\u6cd5\u897f\u65af\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u9636\u5c42\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u4e2d\u7b49\u9636\u5c42\uff0c\u4e5f\u5df2\u7ecf\u6709\u5145\u4efd\u65f6\u95f4\u6765\u6e05\u9192\u4e86\u3002\u4eca\u5929\u67d0\u4e9b\u9690\u7ea6\u53ef\u89c1\u7684\u53cd\u5bf9\u6d3e\u4e4b\u4ec5\u9650\u4e8e\u65b0\u6559\u5f92\u53ca\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u56e2\u4f53\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0d\u80fd\u7531\u201c\u79cd\u65cf\u201d\u548c\u201c\u8840\u7edf\u201d\u8fd9\u79cd\u534a\u75af\u72c2\u534a\u80e1\u8bf4\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u4e4b\u529b\u91cf\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u800c\u5e94\u7531\u6c11\u4e3b\u6d3e\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u6c11\u4e3b\u6d3e\u548c\u5171\u4ea7\u56fd\u9645\u5e95\u7406\u8bba\u4e4b\u53ef\u6015\u7684\u7834\u4ea7\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u5df4\u9ece\u516c\u793e\u5927\u5c60\u6740\u540e\uff0c\u9ed1\u8272\u7684\u53cd\u52a8\u51e0\u4e4e\u7edf\u6cbb\u4e86\u516b\u5e74\u30021905\u5e74\u4fc4\u56fd\u9769\u547d\u5931\u8d25\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u52b3\u82e6\u5927\u4f17\u4e4b\u6ca6\u4e8e\u660f\u8ff7\u4e4b\u5883\u8005\uff0c\u4e5f\u5dee\u4e0d\u591a\u6709\u8fd9\u6837\u957f\u4e45\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7269\u529b\u7684\u5931\u8d25\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u4e3a\u529b\u91cf\u5173\u7cfb\u6240\u51b3\u5b9a\u7684\u3002\u518d\u8bf4\uff0c\u5728\u4fc4\u56fd\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u4e43\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5dee\u4e0d\u591a\u5c1a\u5728\u5904\u5973\u9636\u6bb5\u7684\u65e0\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u3002\u90a3\u4e2a\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5e03\u5c14\u4ec0\u7ef4\u514b\u6d3e\u751a\u81f3\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u5e86\u795d\u5b83\u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u5468\u5c81\u3002\u5fb7\u56fd\u7684\u60c5\u5f62\u5c31\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u540c\u4e86\uff0c\u5fb7\u56fd\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u662f\u7531\u4e24\u5927\u5f3a\u6709\u529b\u7684\u653f\u515a\u5f62\u6210\u7684\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u5df2\u5b58\u5728\u4e8670\u5e74\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e5f\u5dee\u4e0d\u591a\u670915\u5e74\u3002\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u515a\uff0c\u6709\u5343\u5343\u4e07\u4e07\u9009\u6c11\u8ddf\u5728\u5b83\u4eec\u540e\u9762\uff0c\u7adf\u4e8e\u6218\u6597\u4e4b\u524d\u4fbf\u5728\u7cbe\u795e\u4e0a\u762b\u75ea\u4e86\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4e0d\u7ecf\u4e00\u6218\u4fbf\u6295\u964d\u4e86\u3002\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u8bb0\u4e0b\u582a\u4e0e\u6bd4\u62df\u7684\u707e\u96be\u3002\u5fb7\u56fd\u65e0\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u5728\u6218\u6597\u4e2d\u7ed9\u654c\u4eba\u51fb\u6e83\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u88ab\u81ea\u5df1\u653f\u515a\u7684\u80c6\u602f\u3001\u5351\u8d31\u3001\u80cc\u4fe1\u6240\u6467\u6bc1\u7684\u3002\u90a3\u672b\u5b83\u73b0\u5728\u5bf9\u5b83\u51e0\u4e4e\u4e09\u4ee3\u4ee5\u6765\u60ef\u5e38\u76f8\u4fe1\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u4e8b\u7269\u5931\u6389\u4fe1\u5ff5\uff0c\u53c8\u4f55\u8db3\u5947\uff1f\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u7684\u80dc\u5229\u53cd\u8fc7\u6765\u5de9\u56fa\u4e86\u58a8\u7d22\u91cc\u5c3c\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u6216\u5fb7\u56fd\u5185\u90e8\uff0c\u9769\u547d\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u957f\u671f\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u6c11\u4e3b\u515a\u53ca\u5171\u4ea7\u56fd\u9645\u5e95\u7f6a\u6076\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u62a5\u5e94\u3002\u79d8\u5bc6\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u9700\u8981\u7fa4\u4f17\u7684\u540c\u60c5\uff0c\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u5176\u524d\u8fdb\u5c42\u4efd\u81ea\u89c9\u7684\u70ed\u60c5\u3002\u4f46\u90a3\u4e9b\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u5df2\u7ecf\u7834\u4ea7\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u80fd\u5e0c\u671b\u4eba\u5bb6\u7ed9\u5b83\u4eec\u4ee5\u70ed\u60c5\u5417\uff1f\u51e1\u662f\u4ee5\u4ea1\u547d\u8005\u9886\u8896\u8d44\u683c\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5927\u591a\u6570\u6216\u5df2\u5815\u843d\u5165\u9aa8\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u514b\u6797\u59c6\u5bab\u4ee5\u53ca\u683c\u4f2f\u4e4c<a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marxists.org\/chinese\/trotsky\/marxist.org-chinese-trotsky-1938b.htm#_ftn13\" name=\"_ftnref13\"><sup>[13]<\/sup><\/a>\u7684\u4ee3\u7406\u4eba\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u662f\u90a3\u4e9b\u793e\u4f1a\u6c11\u4e3b\u515a\u7684\u524d\u4efb\u603b\u957f\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u8fd8\u68a6\u60f3\u5de5\u4eba\u4eec\u5c06\u6765\u80fd\u4ee5\u67d0\u79cd\u5947\u8ff9\u4f7f\u4ed6\u4eec\u56de\u5230\u90a3\u4e9b\u5df2\u5931\u6389\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u96be\u9053\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u5206\u949f\u53ef\u4ee5\u60f3\u8c61\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8001\u7237\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u505a\u201c\u53cd\u6cd5\u897f\u65af\u201d\u9769\u547d\u5e95\u672a\u6765\u9886\u8896\u5417\uff1f<\/p>\n<p>\u800c\u4e14\u6574\u4e2a\u4e16\u754c\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u4e8b\u53d8\u2014\u2014\u5965\u56fd\u5de5\u4eba\u7684\u6e83\u8d25\u3001\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u9769\u547d\u7684\u5931\u8d25\u3001\u82cf\u7ef4\u57c3\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u5815\u843d\u2014\u2014\u90fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u5e2e\u52a9\u5fb7\u610f\u4e24\u56fd\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u53d1\u751f\u9769\u547d\u9ad8\u6f6e\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u5fb7\u610f\u5de5\u4eba\u60f3\u5f97\u5230\u653f\u6cbb\u60c5\u62a5\uff0c\u591a\u6570\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u65e0\u7ebf\u7535\u64ad\u97f3\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u4fbf\u53ef\u4ee5\u5341\u5206\u6709\u628a\u63e1\u5730\u8bf4\uff0c\u83ab\u65af\u79d1\u7684\u64ad\u97f3\u53f0\u6240\u653e\u9001\u7684\uff0c\u63ba\u5408\u4e86\u611a\u8822\u548c\u50b2\u6162\u7684\u70ed\u6708<a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marxists.org\/chinese\/trotsky\/marxist.org-chinese-trotsky-1938b.htm#_ftn14\" name=\"_ftnref14\"><sup>[14]<\/sup><\/a>\u7684\u8bf3\u9a97\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u6210\u4e3a\u5168\u80fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u56fd\u5bb6\u5de5\u4eba\u9893\u4e27\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6700\u6709\u529b\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4e5f\u50cf\u522b\u7684\u65b9\u9762\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u65af\u5927\u6797\u53ea\u662f\u5145\u5f53\u4e86\u6208\u57f9\u5c14<a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marxists.org\/chinese\/trotsky\/marxist.org-chinese-trotsky-1938b.htm#_ftn15\" name=\"_ftnref15\"><sup>[15]<\/sup><\/a>\u7684\u52a9\u624b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4f7f\u6cd5\u897f\u65af\u4e3b\u4e49\u5f97\u5230\u80dc\u5229\u7684\u9636\u7ea7\u77db\u76fe\uff0c\u4ecd\u65e7\u5728\u6cd5\u897f\u65af\u7684\u653f\u5236\u4e4b\u4e0b\u7ee7\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u7740\uff0c\u4e14\u6b63\u5728\u9010\u6e10\u5730\u6398\u6bc1\u5b83\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u7fa4\u4f17\u662f\u6bd4\u4ee5\u524d\u66f4\u4e0d\u6ee1\u4e86\u3002\u6210\u767e\u6210\u5343\u80fd\u81ea\u6211\u727a\u7272\u7684\u5de5\u4eba\uff0c\u4e0d\u987e\u4e00\u5207\u5730\u7ee7\u7eed\u8fdb\u884c\u7740\u9769\u547d\u7684\u9f39\u9f20\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u6ca1\u6709\u76f4\u63a5\u5c1d\u8fc7\u90a3\u65e7\u4f20\u7edf\u4e0e\u5927\u5e0c\u671b\u88ab\u7c89\u788e\u4e4b\u75db\u7684\u65b0\u751f\u4e00\u4ee3\uff0c\u5df2\u8d70\u5728\u524d\u5934\u3002\u65e0\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u9769\u547d\u5e95\u5206\u5b50\u8fd0\u52a8\u5f0f\u7684\u51c6\u5907\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u5728\u6c89\u91cd\u7684\u5168\u80fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u5893\u77f3\u5e95\u4e0b\u4e0d\u53ef\u6297\u62d2\u5730\u8fdb\u884c\u7740\u3002\u4f46\u8981\u60f3\u628a\u6f5c\u4f0f\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u7206\u53d1\u6210\u516c\u5f00\u7684\u53db\u4e71\uff0c\u65e0\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u5148\u950b\u961f\u8fd8\u5fc5\u987b\u627e\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u524d\u9014\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u653f\u7eb2\u548c\u4e00\u9762\u65b0\u7684\u65e0\u75b5\u7684\u65d7\u5e1c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u4e0d\u5229\u6761\u4ef6\u5c31\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u3002\u6cd5\u897f\u65af\u56fd\u5bb6\u5e95\u5de5\u4eba\u8981\u60f3\u9009\u62e9\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u653f\u7eb2\u662f\u5f02\u5e38\u56f0\u96be\u7684\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u653f\u7eb2\u662f\u9760\u7ecf\u9a8c\u6765\u786e\u8bc1\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u5728\u5168\u80fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e13\u5236\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u91cc\u6b63\u7f3a\u4e4f\u7fa4\u4f17\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u3002\u5c06\u6765\u591a\u5206\u8981\u9760\u5728\u67d0\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u6c11\u4e3b\u201d\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u65e0\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u80dc\u5229\u6765\u63a8\u52a8\u6cd5\u897f\u65af\u9886\u571f\u4e0a\u9769\u547d\u7684\u8fd0\u52a8\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u4e00\u79cd\u8d22\u653f\u6216\u519b\u4e8b\u7684\u5927\u707e\u96be\uff0c\u4e5f\u80fd\u53d1\u751f\u540c\u6837\u7684\u6548\u679c\u3002\u76ee\u524d\u5fc5\u987b\u8fdb\u884c\u4ee5\u5ba3\u4f20\u4e3a\u4e3b\u7684\u51c6\u5907\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5de5\u4f5c\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u5c06\u6765\u624d\u80fd\u6536\u83b7\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u6210\u679c\u3002\u4f46\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u4e0a\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e8b\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u786e\u4fe1\u7684\uff1a\u9769\u547d\u6d6a\u6f6e\u4e00\u65e6\u5728\u6cd5\u897f\u65af\u56fd\u5bb6\u7206\u53d1\uff0c\u5c06\u9a6c\u4e0a\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u80a1\u6d2a\u6d41\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u65e0\u8bba\u5728\u4ec0\u4e48\u60c5\u5f62\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u90fd\u4e0d\u4f1a\u56e0\u4e3a\u590d\u6d3b\u5df2\u6b7b\u7684\u5a01\u739b\u5baa\u6cd5\u4e4b\u7c7b\u7684\u8bd5\u9a8c\uff0c\u800c\u534a\u9014\u4e2d\u6b62\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6b63\u662f\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u5728\u7b2c\u56db\u56fd\u9645\u4e0e\u90a3\u4e9b\u5728\u7834\u4ea7\u4e2d\u82df\u5ef6\u6b8b\u5598\u7684\u65e7\u515a\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u5f00\u59cb\u53d1\u751f\u4e00\u79cd\u4e0d\u53ef\u8c03\u548c\u7684\u5206\u6b67\u3002\u5fb7\u56fd\u6d41\u4ea1\u8005\u7684\u201c\u4eba\u6c11\u9635\u7ebf\u201d\u662f\u4e00\u5207\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u4eba\u6c11\u9635\u7ebf\u4e2d\u6700\u6076\u6bd2\u4e0e\u6700\u65e0\u4fe1\u4e49\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u3002\u5b9e\u8d28\u4e0a\uff0c\u5b83\u8868\u73b0\u4e00\u79cd\u65e0\u80fd\u7684\u6e34\u671b\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u4e0e\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e4c\u6709\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u5408\u4f5c\u3002\u5047\u5982\u8fd9\u5408\u4f5c\u5f97\u5230\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u5b83\u4e5f\u4e0d\u8fc7\u7ed9\u65e0\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u51c6\u5907\u4e86\u4e00\u8fde\u4e32\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u5f0f\u7684\u65b0\u7684\u5931\u8d25\u7f62\u4e86\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u65e0\u60c5\u5730\u66b4\u9732\u201c\u4eba\u6c11\u9635\u7ebf\u201d\u5e95\u7406\u8bba\u548c\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u865a\u4f2a\uff0c\u4e43\u662f\u53cd\u6cd5\u897f\u65af\u9769\u547d\u6597\u4e89\u7684\u9996\u8981\u6761\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5f53\u7136\u8fd9\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u8bf4\u7b2c\u56db\u56fd\u9645\u62d2\u7edd\u628a\u6c11\u4e3b\u53e3\u53f7\u5f53\u4f5c\u52a8\u5458\u53cd\u6cd5\u897f\u65af\u7fa4\u4f17\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u624b\u6bb5\u3002\u6070\u6070\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u7c7b\u53e3\u53f7\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u65f6\u673a\u662f\u80fd\u591f\u5c3d\u4e00\u79cd\u8ba4\u771f\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u516c\u5f0f\uff08\u51fa\u7248\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5de5\u4f1a\u7684\u6743\u5229\u7b49\uff09\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u6765\u53ea\u662f\u65e0\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u72ec\u7acb\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e2d\u5e95\u5076\u7136\u7684\u6216\u63d2\u8bdd\u5f0f\u7684\u53e3\u53f7\uff0c\u800c\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u4ee3\u7406\u4eba\uff08\u5982\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u7684\u60c5\u5f62\uff01\uff09\u5957\u5728\u65e0\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u5934\u4e0a\u7684\u4e00\u6761\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u7ede\u7d22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title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marxists.org\/chinese\/trotsky\/marxist.org-chinese-trotsky-1938b.htm#_ftn16\" name=\"_ftnref16\"><sup>[16]<\/sup><\/a>\u7684\u82f1\u96c4\uff0c\u8f6e\u6d41\u7740\u6234\u7740\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u5f92\u3001\u65b0\u6559\u5f92\u3001\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u3001\u5fb7\u56fd\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e3b\u4e49\u6d3e\u3001\u81ea\u7531\u6d3e\u7684\u5047\u9762\u5177\u51fa\u573a\u2014\u2014\u4ed6\u4eec\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u53ea\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u63a9\u62a4\u4ed6\u4eec\u90a3\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e76\u4e0d\u8ba8\u4eba\u559c\u6b22\u7684\u8138\u76f8\u3002\u7b2c\u56db\u56fd\u9645\u7ecf\u5e38\u800c\u4e14\u5230\u5904\u5728\u5176\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u65d7\u5e1c\u4e0b\u51fa\u73b0\u3002\u5b83\u516c\u5f00\u7684\u5411\u6cd5\u897f\u65af\u56fd\u5bb6\u5185\u7684\u65e0\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u63d0\u51fa\u5b83\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u653f\u7eb2\u3002\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u8fdb\u6b65\u5de5\u4eba\u90fd\u5df2\u575a\u51b3\u5730\u76f8\u4fe1\uff0c\u5c06\u6765\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u7b2c\u56db\u56fd\u9645\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u5e95\u4e0b\u624d\u80fd\u63a8\u7ffb\u58a8\u7d22\u91cc\u5c3c\u3001\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u4ee3\u7406\u4eba\u548c\u6a21\u4eff\u8005\u3002<br \/>\n<a name=\"17\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h3><strong>\u5341\u4e03\u3000\u82cf\u8054\u4e0e\u8fc7\u6e21\u65f6\u671f\u8bf8\u95ee\u9898<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>\u82cf\u8054\u4ee5\u4e00\u4e2a\u5de5\u4eba\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u8d44\u683c\u4ece\u5341\u6708\u9769\u547d\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u3002\u751f\u4ea7\u624b\u6bb5\u7684\u56fd\u6709\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e2a\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u5fc5\u987b\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u5f00\u5c55\u4e86\u751f\u4ea7\u529b\u8fc5\u901f\u751f\u957f\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3002\u4f46\u540c\u65f6\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5de5\u4eba\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u673a\u5173\uff0c\u5374\u5df2\u7ecf\u5386\u4e86\u5f7b\u5934\u5f7b\u5c3e\u7684\u5815\u843d\uff1b\u5b83\u5df2\u7531\u4e00\u79cd\u5de5\u4eba\u9636\u7ea7\u7684\u6b66\u5668\uff0c\u53d8\u6210\u4e00\u79cd\u53cd\u5bf9\u5de5\u4eba\u9636\u7ea7\u5e95\u5b98\u50da\u66b4\u529b\u7684\u6b66\u5668\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6108\u6765\u6108\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u5bf9\u56fd\u5bb6\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6020\u5de5\u7684\u6b66\u5668\u4e86\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u843d\u540e\u548c\u5b64\u7acb\u5e95\u5de5\u4eba\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u5b98\u50da\u5316\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b98\u50da\u4e4b\u8f6c\u6210\u4e3a\u5168\u80fd\u7684\u7279\u6743\u9636\u7ea7\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5728\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\uff0c\u6b64\u523b\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u5efa\u8bbe\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7406\u8bba\u4e4b\u6700\u6709\u529b\u7684\u53cd\u9a73\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u82cf\u8054\u5c31\u8fd9\u6837\u5730\u5305\u542b\u7740\u53ef\u6015\u7684\u77db\u76fe\u3002\u4f46\u5b83\u4ecd\u65e7\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a<b>\u5815\u843d\u4e86\u7684\u5de5\u4eba\u56fd\u5bb6<\/b>\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u7684\u8bca\u65ad\u3002\u81f3\u4e8e\u653f\u6cbb\u6027\u7684\u9884\u65ad\u5373\u5177\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u4e24\u8005\u62e9\u5176\u4e00\u7684\u6027\u8d28\uff1a\u6216\u8005\u662f\u5b98\u50da\u5236\u5ea6\u6108\u6765\u6108\u6210\u4e3a\u4e16\u754c\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u5728\u5de5\u4eba\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u673a\u5173\uff0c\u5b83\u5c06\u63a8\u7ffb\u8d22\u4ea7\u7684\u65b0\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e14\u628a\u56fd\u5bb6\u63a8\u56de\u5230\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\uff1b\u6216\u8005\u5de5\u4eba\u9636\u7ea7\u5c06\u6467\u6bc1\u5b98\u50da\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u5f00\u542f\u5230\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e4b\u8def\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u7b2c\u56db\u56fd\u9645\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u652f\u90e8\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u83ab\u65af\u79d1\u5ba1\u5224\u6848\u4e4b\u53d1\u751f\u6beb\u4e0d\u8db3\u5947\uff0c\u4e14\u5e76\u4e0d\u628a\u5b83\u5f53\u4f5c\u514b\u6797\u59c6\u5bab\u72ec\u88c1\u8005\u4e2a\u4eba\u75af\u72c2\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u800c\u628a\u5b83\u770b\u505a\u70ed\u6708\u7684\u5408\u6cd5\u7684\u4ea7\u7269\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u4ece\u82cf\u7ef4\u57c3\u5b98\u50da\u5185\u90e8\u5e95\u4e0d\u53ef\u5fcd\u53d7\u7684\u51b2\u7a81\u4e2d\u751f\u957f\u51fa\u6765\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u51b2\u7a81\u53c8\u53cd\u6620\u5b98\u50da\u4e0e\u4eba\u6c11\u95f4\u7684\u77db\u76fe\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u201c\u4eba\u6c11\u201d\u81ea\u5df1\u5f53\u4e2d\u6b63\u5728\u52a0\u6df1\u7684\u77db\u76fe\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5ba1\u5224\u6848\u5e95\u6d41\u8840\u7684\u201c\u75af\u72c2\u201d\u6027\u8d28\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6d4b\u5ea6\u90a3\u4e9b\u77db\u76fe\u5e95\u7d27\u5f20\u6027\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u7531\u6b64\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u9884\u77e5\u90a3\u4e2a\u5927\u7ed3\u5c40\u7684\u884c\u5c06\u5230\u6765\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u90a3\u4e9b\u62d2\u7edd\u56de\u83ab\u65af\u79d1\u5e95\u524d\u4efb\u514b\u6797\u59c6\u5bab\u9a7b\u5916\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u516c\u5f00\u53d1\u8a00\uff0c\u5df2\u7528\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u65e0\u53ef\u8fa9\u9a73\u5730\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u5728\u5b98\u50da\u4e2d\u5df2\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u4e00\u5207\u653f\u6cbb\u601d\u60f3\u5f62\u6001\uff1a\u7531\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u5e03\u5c14\u4ec0\u7ef4\u514b\u4e3b\u4e49\uff08\u57c3\u4e43\u65af\u00b7\u6765\u58ebIgnace Reiss\uff09<a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marxists.org\/chinese\/trotsky\/marxist.org-chinese-trotsky-1938b.htm#_ftn17\" name=\"_ftnref17\"><sup>[17]<\/sup><\/a>\u4e00\u76f4\u5230\u5341\u8db3\u7684\u6cd5\u897f\u65af\u4e3b\u4e49\uff08F\uff0e\u5e03\u7530\u79d1(F. Butenko)<a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marxists.org\/chinese\/trotsky\/marxist.org-chinese-trotsky-1938b.htm#_ftn18\" name=\"_ftnref18\"><sup>[18]<\/sup><\/a>\uff09\u3002\u5b98\u50da\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u9769\u547d\u4efd\u5b50\u53ea\u662f\u6781\u5c0f\u7684\u5c11\u6570\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u6d88\u6781\u5730\u53cd\u6620\u7740\u65e0\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u5229\u76ca\u3002\u4e0d\u65ad\u751f\u957f\u7684\u6cd5\u897f\u65af\u53cd\u9769\u547d\u4efd\u5b50\uff0c\u4ee5\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u4e00\u8d2f\u6027\u6765\u8868\u73b0\u4e16\u754c\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u51c6\u5907\u5145\u5f53\u4e70\u529e\u89d2\u8272\u7684\u5019\u8865\u4eba\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u6beb\u65e0\u7406\u7531\u7684\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u65b0\u7684\u7edf\u6cbb\u5c42\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u5438\u6536\u201c\u897f\u65b9\u6587\u660e\u201d\uff0c\u5373\u5438\u6536\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u540d\u4e49\u4e4b\u4e0b\u629b\u5f03\u56fd\u6709\u5316\uff0c\u96c6\u4f53\u5316\u548c\u5bf9\u5916\u8d38\u6613\u7684\u72ec\u5360\u6743\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u7279\u6743\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e24\u6781\u4e4b\u95f4\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e2d\u95f4\u7684\u6563\u6f2b\u7684\u5b5f\u4ec0\u7ef4\u514b\uff0d\u793e\u4f1a\u9769\u547d\u515a\uff0d\u81ea\u7531\u6d3e\u7684\u503e\u5411\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u503e\u5411\u90fd\u4ee5\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e3a\u5f52\u8d8b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u6ca1\u6709\u9636\u7ea7\u201d\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u4e0b\u5c42\u91cc\uff0c\u6beb\u65e0\u7591\u95ee\u5730\u4e5f\u6709\u6781\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u5b98\u50da\u5206\u6d3e\u7684\u96c6\u56e2\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u53ea\u4e0d\u8fc7\u8868\u73b0\u5f97\u8f83\u4e3a\u7f13\u548c\u4e14\u5176\u914d\u6bd4\u6b63\u76f8\u53cd\u7f62\u4e86\uff0c\u81ea\u89c9\u7684\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u503e\u5411\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u662f\u96c6\u4f53\u519c\u573a\uff08kolkhozi\uff09\u4e2d\u5174\u65fa\u7684\u90e8\u4efd\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u53ea\u5360\u4eba\u53e3\u4e2d\u5fae\u5c0f\u7684\u5c11\u6570\u3002\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e00\u5c42\u4efd\u5374\u7ed9\u90a3\u4e9b\u4ee5\u666e\u904d\u8d2b\u56f0\u4e3a\u4ee3\u4ef7\u800c\u79ef\u84c4\u4e2a\u4eba\u8d22\u5bcc\u7684\u5c0f\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u503e\u5411\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e7f\u5927\u7684\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8fd9\u4e9b\u503e\u5411\u8fd8\u5f97\u5230\u5b98\u50da\u7684\u81ea\u89c9\u7684\u9f13\u52b1\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9ad8\u8e1e\u4e8e\u90a3\u4e2a\u6108\u6765\u6108\u6270\u4e71\u793e\u4f1a\u5e73\u8861\u5e95\u9ad8\u5ea6\u77db\u76fe\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u4e4b\u4e0a\u7684\u70ed\u6708\u5be1\u5934\u8d35\u65cf\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u4e3b\u8981\u5730\u5df2\u7f29\u6210\u4e3a\u65af\u5927\u6797\u7684\u6ce2\u62ff\u5df4\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u96c6\u56e2\uff0c\u5b83\u4ee5\u6050\u6016\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u529e\u6cd5\u6765\u82df\u5ef6\u6b8b\u5598\u3002\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u53f8\u6cd5\u7f57\u7ec7\uff0c\u5176\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u5728<b>\u6253\u51fb\u5de6\u6d3e<\/b>\u3002\u6e05\u9664\u53f3\u6d3e\u53cd\u5bf9\u6d3e\u9886\u8896\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8001\u5e03\u5c14\u4ec0\u7ef4\u514b\u7684\u53f3\u6d3e\u96c6\u56e2\uff0c\u4ece\u5b98\u50da\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u53ca\u503e\u5411\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u4e5f\u4ee3\u8868\u4e00\u79cd<b>\u5de6<\/b>\u7684\u5371\u5bb3\u3002\u6ce2\u62ff\u5df4\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u96c6\u56e2\u4e3a\u81ea\u5b58\u8ba1\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u53c8\u56e0\u4e3a\u5bb3\u6015\u5b83\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5e03\u7530\u79d1\u4e4b\u6d41\u7684\u53f3\u6d3e\u540c\u76df\u8005\uff0c\u4fbf\u8feb\u5f97\u628a\u8001\u5e03\u5c14\u4ec0\u7ef4\u514b\u7684\u4e00\u6574\u4ee3\uff0c\u51e0\u4e4e\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u7559\u5730\u6740\u6389\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e8b\u5b9e\u65e0\u53ef\u8fa9\u9a73\u5730\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u9769\u547d\u4f20\u7edf\u5728\u7fa4\u4f17\u4e2d\u7684\u6d3b\u529b\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u7fa4\u4f17\u7684\u7ee7\u957f\u589e\u9ad8\u7684\u4e0d\u6ee1\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u897f\u6b27\u7684\u5c0f\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u6c11\u4e3b\u6d3e\uff0c\u6628\u5929\u8fd8\u628a\u83ab\u65af\u79d1\u5ba1\u5224\u6848\u9a8c\u660e\u4e3a\u6beb\u65e0\u63ba\u6742\u7684\u7eaf\u91d1\uff0c\u4eca\u5929\u53c8\u575a\u6267\u5730\u53cd\u590d\u8bf4\u660e\u201c\u82cf\u8054\u5185\u90e8\u65e2\u6ca1\u6709\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u6d3e\u201d\u3002\u4f46\u4ed6\u4eec\u5374\u65e0\u6cd5\u89e3\u91ca\u4f55\u4ee5\u6bcf\u6b21\u6e05\u515a\u90fd\u662f\u5728\u4e0e\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u4e3b\u4e49\u5371\u9669\u6597\u4e89\u8fd9\u9762\u65d7\u5e1c\u4e0b\u8fdb\u884c\u3002\u5047\u5982\u6211\u4eec\u628a\u201c\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d\u5f53\u4f5c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5df2\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u7eb2\u9886\uff0c\u6216\u751a\u800c\u5f53\u4f5c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6765\u8003\u5bdf\uff0c\u90a3\u672b\u6beb\u65e0\u7591\u4e49\uff0c\u201c\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d\u73b0\u5728\u5728\u82cf\u8054\u8fd8\u662f\u6781\u7aef\u5fae\u5f31\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u5b83\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u6709\u4e0d\u53ef\u6467\u6bc1\u7684\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u5c31\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4e0d\u4f46\u8868\u73b0\u7740\u9769\u547d\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8fd8\u8868\u73b0\u77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size=\"1\" width=\"70%\" \/>\n<p>\u82cf\u8054\u9769\u547d\u5e95\u65b0\u7684\u9ad8\u6da8\uff0c\u5c06\u65e0\u7591\u5730\u5728\u53cd<b>\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49<\/b>\u548c\u53cd<b>\u653f\u6cbb\u538b\u8feb<\/b>\u5e95\u6597\u4e89\u7684\u65d7\u5e1c\u4e0b\u5c55\u5f00\u3002\u6253\u5012\u5b98\u50da\u7684\u7279\u6743\uff01\u6253\u5012\u53f2\u8fbe\u54c8\u8bfa\u592b\u8fd0\u52a8\uff01\u6253\u5012\u82cf\u7ef4\u57c3\u8d35\u65cf\u53ca\u5176\u7b49\u7ea7\uff01\u7ed9\u4e00\u5207\u52b3\u52a8\u5f62\u5f0f\u4ee5\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u5de5\u8d44\u5e73\u7b49\uff01<\/p>\n<p>\u4e89\u53d6\u5de5\u4f1a\u53ca\u5de5\u5382\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u7684\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u4e89\u53d6\u96c6\u4f1a\u6743\u5229\u548c\u51fa\u7248\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u6597\u4e89\u5c06\u5728\u4e89\u53d6\u6062\u590d\u548c\u53d1\u5c55<b>\u82cf\u7ef4\u57c3\u6c11\u4e3b<\/b>\u7684\u6597\u4e89\u4e2d\u5c55\u5f00\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u82cf\u8054\u5b98\u50da\u4ee5\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u548c\u6208\u57f9\u5c14\u5f0f\u666e\u9009\u6743\u7684\u865a\u6784\uff0c\u6765\u4ee3\u66ff\u82cf\u7ef4\u57c3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9636\u7ea7\u673a\u5173\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u4e0d\u4ec5\u987b\u6062\u590d\u82cf\u7ef4\u57c3\u5e95\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8fd8\u987b\u6062\u590d\u5b83\u7684\u9636\u7ea7\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u6b63\u50cf\u8fc7\u53bb\u66fe\u7981\u6b62\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u53ca\u5bcc\u519c\u53c2\u52a0\u82cf\u7ef4\u57c3\u4e00\u6837\u7684\uff0c\u73b0\u5728<b>\u5fc5\u987b\u628a\u5b98\u50da\u53ca\u65b0\u5174\u8d35\u65cf\u9010\u51fa\u82cf\u7ef4\u57c3<\/b>\u3002\u5728\u82cf\u7ef4\u57c3\u5185\u53ea\u80fd\u7ed9\u5de5\u4eba\u3001\u96c6\u4f53\u519c\u573a\u4e0b\u5c42\u4efd\u5b50\u3001\u519c\u6c11\u53ca\u7ea2\u519b\u58eb\u5175\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u4ee5\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u7ed9<b>\u82cf\u7ef4\u57c3\u4e2d\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u653f\u515a<\/b>\u5408\u6cd5\u5316\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u4e0d\u80fd\u4f7f\u82cf\u7ef4\u57c3\u6c11\u4e3b\u5316\u3002\u5de5\u519c\u5c06\u7531\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u6295\u7968\uff0c\u6765\u8868\u660e\u4ed6\u4eec\u6240\u627f\u8ba4\u7684\u82cf\u7ef4\u57c3\u653f\u515a\u662f\u54ea\u4e9b\u653f\u515a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6839\u636e\u751f\u4ea7\u8005\u53ca\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u7684\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u4ece\u4e0a\u5230\u4e0b\uff0c\u4fee\u6b63<b>\u8ba1\u5212\u7ecf\u6d4e<\/b>\uff01\u5de5\u5382\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u5e94\u8be5\u6062\u590d\u76d1\u7763\u751f\u4ea7\u7684\u6743\u5229\u3002\u6839\u636e\u6c11\u4e3b\u65b9\u6cd5\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u6d88\u8d39\u5408\u4f5c\u793e\uff0c\u5e94\u76d1\u7763\u751f\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u54c1\u8d28\u548c\u4ef7\u683c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6309\u7167\u53c2\u52a0\u96c6\u4f53\u519c\u573a\u5e95\u5de5\u4eba\u7684\u610f\u5fd7\u548c\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u6539\u7ec4\u96c6\u4f53\u519c\u573a\uff01<\/p>\n<p>\u5e94\u4ee5\u65e0\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u56fd\u9645\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u6765\u4ee3\u66ff\u5b98\u50da\u5e95\u53cd\u52a8\u7684<b>\u56fd\u9645\u653f\u7b56<\/b>\u3002\u516c\u5e03\u514b\u6797\u59c6\u5bab\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u5916\u4ea4\u51fd\u4ef6\u3002<b>\u6253\u5012\u79d8\u5bc6\u5916\u4ea4<\/b>\uff01<\/p>\n<p>\u70ed\u6708\u5b98\u50da\u5bfc\u6f14\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u653f\u6cbb\u5ba1\u5224\u6848\uff0c\u5728\u5b8c\u5168\u516c\u5f00\u4e0e\u5766\u767d\u548c\u6b63\u76f4\u7684\u8fa9\u8bba\u7684\u5149\u7167\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u91cd\u65b0\u5ba1\u5b9a\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u88ab\u538b\u8feb\u7fa4\u4f17\u5e95\u80dc\u5229\u7684\u9769\u547d\u8d77\u4e49\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u6062\u590d\u82cf\u7ef4\u57c3\u653f\u5236\uff0c\u5e76\u4fdd\u969c\u5b83\u5411\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u4f5c\u66f4\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u515a\u80fd\u591f\u9886\u5bfc\u82cf\u7ef4\u57c3\u7fa4\u4f17\u8d77\u4e49\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u515a\u5c31\u662f\u7b2c\u56db\u56fd\u9645\u515a\uff01<\/p>\n<p><b>\u3000\u6253\u5012\u8be5\u9690\uff01<\/b>\uff08Cain\uff0c\u5723\u7ecf\u4e0a\u6740\u5f1f\u7684\u4eba\u2014\u2014\u8bd1\u8005\u6ce8\uff09<b>\u2014\u2014\u65af\u5927\u6797\u7684\u5b98\u50da\u532a\u515a\uff01<\/b><\/p>\n<p><b>\u3000\u3000\u82cf\u7ef4\u57c3\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e07\u5c81\uff01<\/b><\/p>\n<p><b>\u3000\u3000\u56fd\u9645\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u9769\u547d\u4e07\u5c81\uff01<\/b><br \/>\n<a name=\"18\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h3><strong>\u5341\u516b\u3000\u53cd\u5bf9\u673a\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e0e\u65e0\u539f\u5219\u7684\u4fee\u6b63\u4e3b\u4e49<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>\u6cd5\u56fd\u91cc\u6602\u00b7\u5e03\u9c81\u59c6\u7684\u653f\u89c1\u548c\u653f\u7ee9\uff0c\u53c8\u4e00\u6b21\u8868\u660e\u51fa\u6539\u826f\u4e3b\u4e49\u6d3e\u751a\u81f3\u4ece\u5386\u53f2\u5e95\u6781\u60b2\u60e8\u7684\u6559\u8bad\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u5b66\u5230\u4ec0\u4e48\u3002\u6cd5\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u6c11\u4e3b\u515a\u5974\u989c\u5a62\u819d\u5730\u6284\u88ad\u5fb7\u56fd\u793e\u6c11\u4e3b\u515a\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\uff0c\u884c\u4e14\u5f97\u5230\u540c\u4e00\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u51e0\u5341\u5e74\u5185\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u56fd\u9645\u4fbf\u4e00\u8d2f\u5730\u548c\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u6c11\u4e3b\u653f\u5236\u7f20\u7ed3\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\u5df2\u6210\u4e86\u5b83\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6b63\u5728\u548c\u5b83\u4e00\u9053\u8150\u70c2\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e09\u56fd\u9645\u5374\u5728\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u6050\u614c\u5df2\u786e\u5b9a\u5730\u628a\u65e0\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u9769\u547d\u653e\u5728\u8bae\u4e8b\u65e5\u7a0b\u4e0a\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u8d70\u4e0a\u6539\u826f\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u9053\u8def\u3002\u5171\u4ea7\u56fd\u9645\u4eca\u5929\u5728\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u53ca\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u2014\u2014\u530d\u4f0f\u4e8e\u201c\u6c11\u4e3b\u201d\u53ca\u201c\u6c11\u65cf\u201d\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u2014\u2014\u8868\u660e\u5171\u4ea7\u56fd\u9645\u4e5f\u540c\u6837\u4e0d\u80fd\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5b66\u5230\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u6539\u53d8\u81ea\u5df1\u3002\u82cf\u8054\u5b98\u50da\u5df2\u5728\u82cf\u8054\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u53cd\u52a8\u52bf\u529b\uff0c\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u5b83\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u5c3d\u4e00\u79cd\u9769\u547d\u4f5c\u7528\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u65e0\u653f\u5e9c\u5de5\u56e2\u4e3b\u4e49<a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marxists.org\/chinese\/trotsky\/marxist.org-chinese-trotsky-1938b.htm#_ftn19\" name=\"_ftnref19\"><sup>[19]<\/sup><\/a>\u4e00\u822c\u5730\u5df2\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e86\u540c\u6837\u7684\u6f14\u53d8\u3002\u5728\u6cd5\u56fd\uff0c\u91cc\u6602\u00b7\u77f3\u5c4b\uff08Leon Jouhaux\uff09<a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marxists.org\/chinese\/trotsky\/marxist.org-chinese-trotsky-1938b.htm#_ftn20\" name=\"_ftnref20\"><sup>[20]<\/sup><\/a>\u7684\u5de5\u56e2\u4e3b\u4e49\u5b98\u50da\uff0c\u4e45\u5df2\u6210\u4e3a\u5de5\u4eba\u9636\u7ea7\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u4ee3\u7406\u673a\u5173\u3002\u5728\u897f\u73ed\u7259\uff0c\u65e0\u653f\u5e9c\u5de5\u56e2\u4e3b\u4e49\u5df2\u7ecf\u6296\u53bb\u5b83\u5e95\u5916\u8868\u7684\u9769\u547d\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u4e00\u53d8\u800c\u4e3a\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u6c11\u4e3b\u56db\u8f6e\u8f66\u4e0a\u7684\u7b2c\u4e94\u8f6e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4ee5\u4f26\u6566\u5c40\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u4e2d\u6d3e<a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marxists.org\/chinese\/trotsky\/marxist.org-chinese-trotsky-1938b.htm#_ftn21\" name=\"_ftnref21\"><sup>[21]<\/sup><\/a>\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u4ee3\u8868\u793e\u4f1a\u6c11\u4e3b\u515a\u6216\u5171\u4ea7\u56fd\u9645\u4e4b\u201c\u5de6\u201d\u7684\u9644\u5c5e\u7269\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u5df2\u8868\u660e\u5b8c\u5168\u65e0\u80fd\u53bb\u5f04\u6e05\u56fd\u9645\u5f62\u52bf\u7684\u771f\u76f8\uff0c\u5e76\u4ece\u6b64\u5f97\u51fa\u9769\u547d\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u767b\u5cf0\u9020\u6781\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u5c31\u662f\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u7684\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u4e49\u7edf\u4e00\u5de5\u515a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u515a\u5df2\u5728\u9769\u547d\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u8bc1\u660e\u5b83\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u80fd\u8ffd\u968f\u4e00\u6761\u9769\u547d\u7684\u8def\u7ebf\u3002<\/p>\n<hr size=\"1\" width=\"70%\" \/>\n<p>\u4e16\u754c\u65e0\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u6240\u957f\u671f\u906d\u53d7\u7684\u60b2\u60e8\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u5df2\u547d\u5b9a\u90a3\u4e9b\u5b98\u5f0f\u7ec4\u7ec7\u91c7\u53d6\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u4fdd\u5b88\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u9a71\u4f7f\u90a3\u4e9b\u5e7b\u706d\u7684\u5c0f\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u201c\u9769\u547d\u5bb6\u201d\u53bb\u8ffd\u6c42\u201c\u65b0\u8def\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u6b63\u5982\u901a\u5e38\u5728\u53cd\u52a8\u548c\u8870\u843d\u65f6\u671f\u6240\u89c1\u7684\u60c5\u5f62\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u5eb8\u533b\u548c\u6c5f\u6e56\u672f\u58eb\u5728\u56db\u9762\u516b\u65b9\u6d8c\u73b0\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u4fee\u6b63\u9769\u547d\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u6574\u4e2a\u8def\u7ebf\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u4ece\u8fc7\u53bb\u5b66\u4e60\uff0c\u800c\u5e72\u8106\u5730\u201c\u6392\u65a5\u201d\u8fc7\u53bb\u3002\u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u53d1\u73b0\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u77db\u76fe\uff0c\u53e6\u4e9b\u4eba\u53c8\u5ba3\u5e03\u5e03\u5c14\u4ec0\u7ef4\u514b\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u584c\u53f0\u3002\u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u628a\u90a3\u4e9b\u51fa\u5356\u9769\u547d\u7684\u4eba\u6240\u72af\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u8bff\u8d23\u4e8e\u9769\u547d\u5b66\u8bf4\uff1b\u53e6\u4e00\u4e9b\u4eba\u5219\u5927\u9a82\u533b\u836f\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u5e76\u672a\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4e00\u79cd\u5f97\u5fc3\u5e94\u624b\u548c\u5927\u6f14\u5947\u8ff9\u7684\u6cbb\u6cd5\u3002\u66f4\u4e3a\u5927\u80c6\u7684\u4eba\u5219\u7b54\u5e94\u53bb\u53d1\u660e\u4e00\u79cd\u4e07\u5e94\u7075\u836f\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u9884\u5148\u4e3b\u5f20\u505c\u6b62\u9636\u7ea7\u6597\u4e89\u3002\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u201c\u65b0\u9053\u5fb7\u201d\u7684\u5148\u77e5\u4eec\uff0c\u6b63\u51c6\u5907\u9760\u4f26\u7406\u7684\u4ee5\u6bd2\u653b\u6bd2\u7684\u529e\u6cd5\u53bb\u590d\u6d3b\u5de5\u4eba\u8fd0\u52a8\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4f7f\u5f92\u4eec\u591a\u6570\u5728\u672a\u62b5\u6218\u573a\u4e4b\u524d\u5df2\u628a\u81ea\u5df1\u5f04\u6210\u529f\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u9053\u5fb7\u7684\u75c5\u592b\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u4e45\u5df2\u6e6e\u6ca1\u5728\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u6d3e\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u524d\u671f\u5e95\u6545\u7eb8\u5806\u4e2d\u7684\u836f\u65b9\uff0c\u4fbf\u5728\u201c\u65b0\u8def\u201d\u7684\u5916\u8c8c\u4e4b\u4e0b\u8d21\u732e\u7ed9\u65e0\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c\u56db\u56fd\u9645\u5411\u7b2c\u4e8c\u3001\u7b2c\u4e09\u3001\u963f\u59c6\u65af\u7279\u4e39\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u65e0\u653f\u5e9c\u5de5\u56e2\u4e3b\u4e49\u7b49\u56fd\u9645\u7684\u5b98\u50da\uff0c\u5411\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u4e2d\u6d3e\u6248\u4ece\uff1b\u5411\u4e0d\u6539\u826f\u7684\u6539\u826f\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u4e0e\u683c\u67cf\u4e4c\u8054\u76df\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u548c\u5e73\u7684\u548c\u5e73\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u66ff\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u65e0\u653f\u5e9c\u4e3b\u4e49\uff1b\u5411\u90a3\u4e9b\u5e73\u751f\u5bf9\u9769\u547d\u6015\u7684\u8981\u6b7b\u7684\u201c\u9769\u547d\u5bb6\u201d\uff0c\u5ba3\u5e03\u4e0d\u53ef\u8c03\u548c\u7684\u6218\u4e89\u3002\u6240\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u90fd\u4e0d\u662f\u672a\u6765\u6210\u529f\u7684\u4fdd\u8bc1\uff0c\u800c\u53ea\u662f\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u8150\u673d\u6b8b\u4f59\u3002\u6218\u4e89\u4e0e\u9769\u547d\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\u5c06\u628a\u5b83\u4eec\u4e00\u626b\u6e05\u5149\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c\u56db\u56fd\u9645\u4e0d\u5bfb\u6c42\u4e5f\u4e0d\u53d1\u660e\u4e07\u7075\u836f\u3002\u5b83\u5b8c\u5168\u7ad9\u5728\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u7acb\u573a\u4e0a\uff0c\u628a\u5b83\u5f53\u4f5c\u552f\u4e00\u8db3\u4ee5\u4ee4\u4eba\u4e86\u89e3\u5b9e\u9645\u3001\u63ed\u9732\u5931\u8d25\u771f\u76f8\u4ee5\u53ca\u81ea\u89c9\u5730\u51c6\u5907\u80dc\u5229\u7684\u9769\u547d\u5b66\u8bf4\u3002\u7b2c\u56db\u56fd\u9645\u7ee7\u7eed\u5e03\u5c14\u4ec0\u7ef4\u514b\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u5411\u65e0\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u8868\u6f14\u5982\u4f55\u593a\u53d6\u653f\u6743\u7684\u3002\u7b2c\u56db\u56fd\u9645\u626b\u9664\u90a3\u4e9b\u5eb8\u533b\u3001\u6c5f\u6e56\u672f\u58eb\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u90a3\u4e9b\u4e0d\u8bf7\u81ea\u6765\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u8001\u5e08\u3002\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ee5\u5265\u524a\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\uff0c\u6700\u9ad8\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u5c31\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u9769\u547d\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u3002\u51e1\u662f\u8db3\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u5de5\u4eba\u9636\u7ea7\u81ea\u89c9\uff0c\u800c\u4f7f\u4ed6\u4eec\u76f8\u4fe1\u81ea\u5df1\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u4f7f\u4ed6\u4eec\u51b3\u5fc3\u5728\u6597\u4e89\u4e2d\u4f5c\u81ea\u6211\u727a\u7272\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u65b9\u6cd5\u90fd\u662f\u597d\u7684\uff0c\u51e1\u662f\u4f7f\u88ab\u538b\u8feb\u8005\u5728\u538b\u8feb\u8005\u4e4b\u524d\u8868\u793a\u754f\u7f29\u548c\u5351\u5c48\uff1b\u51e1\u662f\u7834\u574f\u7fa4\u4f17\u53cd\u6297\u548c\u4e0d\u6ee1\u7cbe\u795e\uff1b\u51e1\u662f\u4ee5\u9886\u8896\u7684\u610f\u5fd7\u4ee3\u66ff\u7fa4\u4f17\u610f\u5fd7\uff1b\u4ee5\u5f3a\u8feb\u4ee3\u66ff\u8bf4\u670d\uff1b\u4ee5\u86ca\u60d1\u548c\u7f57\u7ec7\u4ee3\u66ff\u771f\u5b9e\u5e95\u5206\u6790\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u5bb9\u8bb8\u7684\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u51fa\u53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\/>\n<a name=\"21\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h3><strong>\u4e8c\u5341\u4e00\u3000\u7ad9\u5230\u7b2c\u56db\u56fd\u9645\u7684\u65d7\u5e1c\u5e95\u4e0b\u6765\uff01<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>\u6000\u7591\u8bba\u8005\u95ee\uff1a\u4f46\u662f\u521b\u7acb\u7b2c\u56db\u56fd\u9645\u7684\u65f6\u673a\u5df2\u7ecf\u5230\u4e86\u5417\uff1f\u4ed6\u4eec\u53c8\u8bf4\u201c\u4eba\u5de5\u5730\u201d\u521b\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fd\u9645\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\uff1a\u5b83\u53ea\u80fd\u5728\u5927\u4e8b\u53d8\u4e2d\u4ea7\u751f\u4e91\u4e91\u3002\u4e00\u5207\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53cd\u5bf9\u8bba\u8c03\u53ea\u80fd\u8868\u660e\u90a3\u4e9b\u6000\u7591\u8bba\u8005\u4e0d\u914d\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u56fd\u9645\u800c\u5df2\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u51e0\u4e4e\u5e72\u4ec0\u4e48\u90fd\u4e0d\u914d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c\u56db\u56fd\u9645\u65e9\u5df2\u5728\u5927\u4e8b\u53d8\u2014\u2014\u65e0\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u5728\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5931\u8d25\u2014\u2014\u4e2d\u751f\u957f\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u5c31\u5728\u65e7\u9886\u5bfc\u7684\u5815\u843d\u548c\u80cc\u4fe1\u4e2d\u627e\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u3002\u9636\u7ea7\u6597\u4e89\u4e0d\u5bb9\u6709\u4e00\u606f\u7684\u4e2d\u65ad\u3002\u5bf9\u9769\u547d\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e09\u56fd\u9645\u5df2\u8ddf\u7740\u7b2c\u4e8c\u56fd\u9645\u6b7b\u4ea1\u4e86\uff0c\u7b2c\u56db\u56fd\u9645\u4e07\u5c81\uff01<\/p>\n<p>\u4f46\u662f\u5ba3\u5e03\u5b83\u521b\u7acb\u7684\u65f6\u673a\u5df2\u7ecf\u5230\u6765\u4e86\u5417\uff1f&#8230;&#8230;\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6000\u7591\u8bba\u8005\u8fd8\u4e0d\u80af\u9759\u4e0b\u6765\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u7b54\u8bf4\uff0c\u7b2c\u56db\u56fd\u9645\u7528\u4e0d\u7740\u88ab\u201c\u5ba3\u5e03\u201d\u3002\u5b83\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b58\u5728\u800c\u4e14\u6b63\u5728\u6597\u4e89\u3002\u5b83\u8584\u5f31\u5417\uff1f\u662f\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u5e95\u961f\u4f0d\u7684\u4eba\u6570\u5e76\u4e0d\u591a\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u8fd8\u5e74\u8f7b\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e3b\u8981\u5730\u8fd8\u662f\u4e9b\u5e72\u90e8\u3002\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5e72\u90e8\u5374\u662f\u672a\u6765\u7684\u4fdd\u8bc1\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5e72\u90e8\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u661f\u7403\u4e0a\u76ee\u4e0b\u5c1a\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u9769\u547d\u6d3e\u771f\u6b63\u591f\u5f97\u4e0a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u540d\u5b57\u7684\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u5728\u6570\u91cf\u4e0a\u867d\u4ecd\u5fae\u5f31\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u7406\u8bba\u3001\u653f\u7eb2\u3001\u4f20\u7edf\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u5728\u5176\u5e72\u90e8\u7684\u65e0\u6bd4\u5386\u7ec3\u4e0a\u662f\u5f3a\u6709\u529b\u7684\u3002\u8c01\u5728\u4eca\u5929\u770b\u4e0d\u5230\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u8ba9\u4ed6\u7acb\u5373\u7ad9\u5f00\u53bb\u7f62\u3002\u4e00\u5230\u660e\u5929\uff0c\u4e8b\u60c5\u5c31\u4f1a\u66f4\u52a0\u660e\u767d\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c\u56db\u56fd\u9645\u4eca\u5929\u5c31\u5df2\u53d7\u5c3d\u65af\u5927\u6797\u6d3e\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u6c11\u4e3b\u515a\u3001\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u81ea\u7531\u6d3e\u548c\u6cd5\u897f\u65af\u6d3e\u5e94\u5f97\u7684\u4ec7\u89c6\u3002\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u6c11\u9635\u7ebf\u4e2d\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u7ed9\u5b83\u7559\u4e00\u70b9\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u5b83\u4e0d\u53ef\u8c03\u548c\u5730\u5411\u4e00\u5207\u62f4\u5728\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u88d9\u5e26\u4e0a\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u96c6\u56e2\u5ba3\u6218\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u2014\u2014\u5e9f\u9664\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u7edf\u6cbb\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u2014\u2014\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u2014\u2014\u65e0\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u9769\u547d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6ca1\u6709\u5185\u90e8\u6c11\u4e3b\u2014\u2014\u5c31\u6ca1\u6709\u9769\u547d\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u3002\u6ca1\u6709\u7eaa\u5f8b\u2014\u2014\u5c31\u6ca1\u6709\u9769\u547d\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u3002\u7b2c\u56db\u56fd\u9645\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u7ed3\u6784\u662f\u4ee5<b>\u6c11\u4e3b\u96c6\u4e2d\u5236<\/b>\u5e95\u539f\u5219\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u7684\uff1b\u5728\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e0a\u5145\u4efd\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u5728\u884c\u52a8\u4e0a\u5b8c\u5168\u4e00\u81f4\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4eba\u7c7b\u6587\u5316\u7684\u5f53\u524d\u5371\u673a\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u65e0\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u9886\u5bfc\u7684\u5371\u673a\u3002\u56e2\u7ed3\u5728\u7b2c\u56db\u56fd\u9645\u5185\u7684\u5148\u8fdb\u5de5\u4eba\uff0c\u5411\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u9636\u7ea7\u6307\u51fa\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5371\u673a\u7684\u51fa\u8def\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u8d21\u732e\u4e00\u4e2a\u7eb2\u9886\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7eb2\u9886\u5c31\u662f\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u65e0\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u6597\u4e89\u4ee5\u53ca\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u6c42\u89e3\u653e\u5e95\u4e00\u5207\u88ab\u538b\u8feb\u8005\u6597\u4e89\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4e4b\u4e0a\u7684\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u8d21\u732e\u51fa\u4e00\u9762\u65e0\u75b5\u7684\u65d7\u5e1c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5404\u56fd\u7537\u5973\u7684\u5de5\u4eba\uff0c\u8d70\u5230\u7b2c\u56db\u56fd\u9645\u7684\u65d7\u5e1c\u5e95\u4e0b\u6765\u5427\uff0c\u5b83\u5c06\u662f\u4f60\u4eec\u884c\u5c06\u80dc\u5229\u7684\u65d7\u5e1c\uff01<\/p>\n<hr align=\"left\" size=\"1\" width=\"60%\" \/>\n<p><a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marxists.org\/chinese\/trotsky\/marxist.org-chinese-trotsky-1938b.htm#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\"><sup>[1]<\/sup><\/a> \u300c\u65b0\u653f\u300d\uff08New Deal\uff09\uff0c\u6307\u4e00\u4e5d\u4e09\u4e09\u5e74\u7f57\u65af\u798f\u5c31\u4efb\u7f8e\u56fd\u603b\u7edf\u540e\u6240\u65bd\u884c\u7684\u90a3\u5957\u633d\u6551\u7a7a\u524d\u4e25\u91cd\u5927\u5371\u673a\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u3002\u5185\u5bb9\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\uff1a\u4e3e\u529e\u516c\u5171\u5de5\u7a0b\u6765\u5438\u6536\u5931\u4e1a\u5de5\u4eba\uff0c\u7f29\u77ed\u5de5\u4f5c\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u89c4\u5b9a\u6700\u4f4e\u5de5\u8d44\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u7981\u6b62\u7ae5\u5de5\uff0c\u4fdd\u969c\u5de5\u4eba\u4e0e\u8d44\u65b9\u96c6\u4f53\u8c08\u5224\u7684\u6743\u5229\uff0c\u9f13\u52b1\u519c\u6c11\u9886\u53d6\u653f\u5e9c\u6d25\u8d34\u6765\u81ea\u52a8\u51cf\u5c11\u519c\u4f5c\u7269\u7684\u4ea7\u91cf\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u6536\u8d2d\u53ca\u50a8\u5b58\u5269\u4f59\u7cae\u98df\uff0c\u7531\u8054\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c\u76d1\u7763\u5728\u5168\u56fd\u5b9e\u884c\u5931\u4e1a\u4fdd\u9669\u53ca\u5176\u5b83\u793e\u4f1a\u4fdd\u9669\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u5e9f\u9664\u91d1\u672c\u4f4d\uff0c\u5b9e\u884c\u6e29\u548c\u7684\u901a\u8d27\u81a8\u80c0\u4ee5\u523a\u6fc0\u5e02\u573a\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u76d1\u7763\u94f6\u884c\u548c\u80a1\u7968\u4ea4\u6613\u6240\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u76d1\u7763\u6258\u8fa3\u65af\uff0c\u6539\u9769\u7a0e\u6536\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u6539\u9769\u6587\u5b98\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u6539\u9769\u6cd5\u9662\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\uff0c\u300c\u65b0\u653f\u300d\u662f\u96c6\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u6539\u826f\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e4b\u5927\u6210\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u5f00\u6218\u540e\u6240\u8c13\u300c\u65b0\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u300d\u4e4b\u5148\u6cb3\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marxists.org\/chinese\/trotsky\/marxist.org-chinese-trotsky-1938b.htm#_ftnref2\" name=\"_ftn2\"><sup>[2]<\/sup><\/a> \u963f\u6bd4\u897f\u5c3c\u4e9a\uff08Ethiopia\uff09\uff0c\u5373\u57c3\u585e\u4fc4\u6bd4\u4e9a\uff0c\u4e00\u4e5d\u4e09\u4e94\u5e74\u5341\u6708\u906d\u610f\u5927\u5229\u519b\u961f\u4fb5\u7565\uff0c\u6b21\u5e74\u4e94\u6708\u5168\u56fd\u88ab\u5360\u9886\uff0c\u5230\u4e00\u4e5d\u56db\u4e00\u5e74\u624d\u590d\u56fd\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marxists.org\/chinese\/trotsky\/marxist.org-chinese-trotsky-1938b.htm#_ftnref3\" name=\"_ftn3\"><sup>[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u4e49\u7edf\u4e00\u5de5\u515a\uff08The Workers Party of Marxist Unification (POUM)\uff09\u662f\u4e09\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e2d\u6d3e\u4e3b\u4e49\uff08\u53c2\u770b\u6ce8\u5eff\u4e00\uff09\u7684\u515a\uff0c\u66fe\u5728\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u9769\u547d\u5185\u6218\u4e2d\u8d77\u91cd\u5927\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u8be5\u515a\u7684\u515a\u5458\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u662f\u5de5\u4e1a\u6700\u53d1\u8fbe\u7684\u52a0\u6cf0\u9686\u7701\u5185\u7684\u5de5\u4eba\uff0c\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u5219\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u8fc7\u53bb\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u540e\u6765\u4e0d\u6ee1\u610f\u53f2\u5927\u6797\u67d0\u4e9b\u653f\u7b56\u7684\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6709\u4e9b\u66fe\u4e00\u5ea6\u53c2\u52a0\u6258\u6d1b\u6b21\u57fa\u6d3e\u3002\u8be5\u515a\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u5bf9\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u4f5c\u5de6\u7684\u6279\u8bc4\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u653f\u7b56\u4e0a\u5219\u4e0e\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u53c2\u52a0\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u6240\u652f\u914d\u7684\u8054\u5408\u653f\u5e9c\u7b49\u3002\u4e00\u4e5d\u4e09\u4e03\u5e74\u516d\u6708\uff0c\u8be5\u515a\u6574\u6279\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u906d\u82cf\u8054\u6d3e\u9a7b\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u7684\u7279\u52a1\u76f4\u63a5\u902e\u6355\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u88ab\u8054\u5408\u653f\u5e9c\u5ba3\u5e03\u4e3a\u975e\u6cd5\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3002\u5176\u9886\u8896\u5b89\u5fb7\u70c8\u00b7\u5b81\u968f\u5373\u88ab\u82cf\u8054\u7279\u52a1\u6740\u5bb3\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marxists.org\/chinese\/trotsky\/marxist.org-chinese-trotsky-1938b.htm#_ftnref4\" name=\"_ftn4\"><sup>[4]<\/sup><\/a> \u4eba\u6c11\u9635\u7ebf\uff08Popular Front\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u4e5d\u4e09\u4e94\u5e74\u6cd5\u56fd\u5de5\u4eba\u9636\u7ea7\u5404\u515a\uff08\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u515a\uff09\uff0c\u4e0e\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u81ea\u7531\u6d3e\uff08\u6fc0\u8fdb\u793e\u4f1a\u515a\uff09\u6240\u6210\u7acb\u7684\u8054\u76df\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u9636\u7ea7\u5408\u4f5c\u8def\u7ebf\u968f\u540e\u88ab\u540c\u5e74\u4e3e\u884c\u7684\u5171\u4ea7\u56fd\u9645\u7b2c\u4e03\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u4f1a\u91c7\u7eb3\u4e3a\u6b63\u5f0f\u7684\u603b\u8def\u7ebf\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u65bd\u884c\u5230\u4e00\u4e5d\u4e09\u4e5d\u5e74\u53f2\u5927\u6797\u4e0e\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u7b7e\u8ba2\u534f\u5b9a\u65f6\u4e3a\u6b62\u3002\u4e8c\u6b21\u5927\u6218\u7ed3\u675f\u540e\uff0c\u5404\u56fd\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u6309\u7167\u53f2\u5927\u6797\u7684\u6307\u793a\uff0c\u53c8\u5728\u5404\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u540d\u4e49\u4e4b\u4e0b\u6062\u590d\u8fd9\u79cd\u8def\u7ebf\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marxists.org\/chinese\/trotsky\/marxist.org-chinese-trotsky-1938b.htm#_ftnref5\" name=\"_ftn5\"><sup>[5]<\/sup><\/a> \u7f8e\u56fd\u4ea7\u4e1a\u5de5\u4f1a\u8fd0\u52a8\uff08CIO\uff09\u2500\u2500\u4ece\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7eaa\u516b\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u5230\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e09\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e4b\u521d\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u5de5\u4f1a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u52b3\u5de5\u8054\u5408\u4f1a\uff08\u52b3\u8054\uff0cAFL\uff09\u5c5e\u4e0b\u7684\u884c\u4e1a\u6027\u5de5\u4f1a\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5de5\u4f1a\u9886\u8896\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u5145\u6ee1\u9636\u7ea7\u59a5\u534f\u7cbe\u795e\u7684\u6781\u7aef\u4fdd\u5b88\u800c\u4e14\u4e13\u5236\u7684\u5b98\u50da\uff0c\u4f1a\u5458\u9650\u4e8e\u719f\u7ec3\u5de5\u4eba\u3002\u4e00\u4e5d\u4e8c\u4e5d\u5e74\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5927\u6050\u614c\u7206\u53d1\u540e\uff0c\u5de5\u4eba\u7fa4\u4f17\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u663e\u8457\u5730\u6fc0\u8fdb\u5316\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f46\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0a\u5de6\u503e\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8feb\u5207\u8981\u6c42\u6210\u7acb\u6bd4\u8f83\u5bcc\u4e8e\u6218\u6597\u6027\u7684\u4ea7\u4e1a\u6027\u5de5\u4f1a\uff0c\u628a\u4e0d\u719f\u70bc\u7684\u5de5\u4eba\u548c\u8111\u529b\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u4e5f\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u9632\u6b62\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7fa4\u4f17\u8fd0\u52a8\u843d\u5230\u9769\u547d\u4efd\u5b50\u624b\u4e2d\uff0c\u7f57\u65af\u798f\u603b\u7edf\u51fa\u9762\u652f\u6301\u6539\u826f\u6d3e\u7684\u5de5\u4f1a\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u52b3\u8054\u4e00\u90e8\u4efd\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u4e5f\u8f6c\u8fc7\u6765\u9886\u5bfc\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4ea7\u4e1a\u5de5\u4f1a\u7684\u8fd0\u52a8\u3002\u4e00\u4e5d\u4e09\u4e94\u5e74\u5e95\u6210\u7acb\u4ea7\u4e1a\u5de5\u4f1a\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u8d77\u521d\u5728\u52b3\u8054\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u4e89\u53d6\u5728\u4ea7\u4e1a\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u6765\u628a\u65e7\u5de5\u4f1a\u6539\u7ec4\u3002\u4f46\u52b3\u8054\u4e3b\u5e2d\u6b7b\u786c\u53cd\u5bf9\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u4e3a\u6b64\u5f00\u9664\u4e86\u5171\u6709\u4e00\u767e\u4e07\u4f1a\u5458\u7684\u5341\u4e2a\u5168\u56fd\u603b\u5de5\u4f1a\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\u4ea7\u4e1a\u5de5\u4f1a\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u6210\u4e3a\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u5de5\u4f1a\u8054\u5408\u673a\u6784\u3002\u4e00\u4e5d\u4e09\u516b\u5e74\u6b63\u5f0f\u6210\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u5168\u56fd\u603b\u5de5\u4f1a\uff0c\u5373\u4ea7\u4e1a\u5de5\u4f1a\u5927\u4f1a\uff08\u4ea7\u5927\uff0cCIO\uff09\u3002\u540e\u6765\uff0c\u4ea7\u5927\u7684\u6218\u6597\u6027\u65e5\u6e10\u964d\u4f4e\uff0c\u52b3\u8054\u4e5f\u4e0d\u518d\u6b7b\u786c\u6392\u65a5\u4e0d\u719f\u7ec3\u5de5\u4eba\u548c\u4ea7\u4e1a\u6027\u5de5\u4f1a\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u4e24\u8005\u7ec8\u4e8e\u5728\u4e00\u4e5d\u4e94\u4e94\u5e74\u5e95\u5408\u5e76\u6210\u4e3a\u52b3\u8054\u4ea7\u5927\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marxists.org\/chinese\/trotsky\/marxist.org-chinese-trotsky-1938b.htm#_ftnref6\" name=\"_ftn6\"><sup>[6]<\/sup><\/a> \u5171\u4ea7\u56fd\u9645\uff08\u7b2c\u4e09\u56fd\u9645\uff0cComintern\uff09\uff0c\u4e00\u4e5d\u4e00\u4e5d\u5e74\u5728\u5217\u5b81\u9886\u5bfc\u4e0b\u6210\u7acb\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u65e0\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u9769\u547d\u515a\uff0c\u4ee3\u66ff\u90a3\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e27\u5931\u8fdb\u6b65\u4f5c\u7528\u800c\u4e14\u5206\u5d29\u79bb\u6790\u4e86\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u56fd\u9645\u3002\u5404\u56fd\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u672c\u6765\u90fd\u662f\u5171\u4ea7\u56fd\u9645\u7684\u652f\u90e8\u3002\u5171\u4ea7\u56fd\u9645\u7684\u603b\u90e8\u8bbe\u5728\u83ab\u65af\u79d1\u3002\u5728\u4e00\u4e5d\u4e00\u4e5d\u81f3\u4e00\u4e5d\u4e8c\u4e8c\u5e74\u95f4\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u82cf\u8054\u5904\u4e8e\u5185\u6218\u548c\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u5c40\u9762\u4e2d\uff0c\u5171\u4ea7\u56fd\u9645\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u4ee3\u8868\u5927\u4f1a\u6bcf\u5e74\u90fd\u80fd\u4e3e\u884c\u3002\u8fd9\u56db\u6b21\u5927\u4f1a\u7684\u51b3\u8bae\u6848\uff0c\u662f\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u9769\u547d\u7eb2\u9886\u7684\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u81ea\u4ece\u53f2\u5927\u6797\u5b98\u50da\u96c6\u56e2\u5f53\u6743\u540e\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u4f1a\u5c31\u4e0d\u518d\u4f9d\u671f\u4e3e\u884c\u3002\u7b2c\u4e94\u6b21\u5927\u4f1a\u5ef6\u8fdf\u5230\u4e00\u4e5d\u4e8c\u56db\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c\u516d\u6b21\u4e00\u4e5d\u4e8c\u516b\u5e74\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u5171\u4ea7\u56fd\u9645\u9010\u6b65\u53d8\u6210\u82cf\u8054\u5b98\u50da\u5bf9\u5916\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u8f85\u52a9\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u4e00\u4e5d\u4e09\u4e94\u5e74\u6240\u4e3e\u884c\u7684\u7b2c\u4e03\u6b21\u5927\u4f1a\uff0c\u91c7\u53d6\u300c\u4eba\u6c11\u9635\u7ebf\u300d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e2d\u7684\u603b\u8def\u7ebf\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u6258\u6d1b\u6b21\u57fa\u4fbf\u5ba3\u5e03\u8fd9\u6b21\u5927\u4f1a\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u7ed3\u675f\u5171\u4ea7\u56fd\u9645\u7684\u5927\u4f1a\u3002\u6b64\u540e\u679c\u7136\u5171\u4ea7\u56fd\u9645\u5c31\u518d\u6ca1\u6709\u4e3e\u884c\u8fc7\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u4f1a\u4e86\u3002\u4e00\u4e5d\u56db\u4e09\u5e74\uff08\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u4e2d\uff09\uff0c\u53f2\u5927\u6797\u4e3a\u4e86\u8ba8\u597d\u7f8e\u82f1\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u6b63\u5f0f\u5c06\u5171\u4ea7\u56fd\u9645\u89e3\u6563\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marxists.org\/chinese\/trotsky\/marxist.org-chinese-trotsky-1938b.htm#_ftnref7\" name=\"_ftn7\"><sup>[7]<\/sup><\/a> \u6765\u7fc1\u00b7\u5e03\u9c81\u59c6\uff08Andr\u00e9 L\u00e9on Blum \uff09\u662f\u4e09\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u6cd5\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u515a\u7684\u9886\u8896\uff0c\u4e00\u4e5d\u4e09\u516d\u81f3\u4e09\u4e03\u5e74\u95f4\u4efb\u4eba\u6c11\u9635\u7ebf\u653f\u5e9c\u603b\u7406\uff0c\u4e00\u4e5d\u4e94\u25cb\u5e74\u53bb\u4e16\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marxists.org\/chinese\/trotsky\/marxist.org-chinese-trotsky-1938b.htm#_ftnref8\" name=\"_ftn8\"><sup>[8]<\/sup><\/a> \u7b2c\u4e8c\u56fd\u9645\uff08\u52b3\u5de5\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u56fd\u9645\uff0cSecond International\uff09\uff0c\u6210\u7acb\u4e8e\u4e00\u516b\u516b\u4e5d\u5e74\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e00\u56fd\u9645\uff08\u56fd\u9645\u5de5\u4eba\u534f\u4f1a\uff0c\u4e00\u516b\u516d\u56db\u81f3\u4e00\u516b\u4e03\u516d\u5e74\uff09\u7684\u7ee7\u627f\u8005\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u56fd\u9645\u662f\u5404\u56fd\uff08\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u6b27\u6d32\uff09\u793e\u4f1a\u6c11\u4e3b\u515a\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u677e\u61c8\u7684\u8054\u5408\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u628a\u9769\u547d\u6d3e\u548c\u6539\u826f\u6d3e\u90fd\u5bb9\u7eb3\u5728\u5185\u3002\u6700\u5f3a\u5927\u5e76\u6709\u6743\u5a01\u7684\u652f\u90e8\u662f\u5fb7\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u6c11\u4e3b\u515a\u3002\u4e00\u4e5d\u4e00\u56db\u5e74\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u7206\u53d1\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u5404\u56fd\u652f\u90e8\u90fd\u652f\u6301\u672c\u56fd\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u6218\u4e89\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u8fdd\u80cc\u4e86\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u7b2c\u4e8c\u56fd\u9645\u7684\u8fdb\u6b65\u4f5c\u7528\u544a\u7ec8\uff0c\u56fd\u9645\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e5f\u5b9e\u9645\u74e6\u89e3\u3002\u4e00\u4e5d\u4e8c\u4e09\u5e74\u6062\u590d\u56fd\u9645\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u4f46\u5df2\u6210\u4e3a\u5341\u8db3\u7684\u6539\u826f\u6d3e\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marxists.org\/chinese\/trotsky\/marxist.org-chinese-trotsky-1938b.htm#_ftnref9\" name=\"_ftn9\"><sup>[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u5b5f\u4ec0\u7ef4\u514b\uff08Mensheviks\uff09\u2500\u2500\u4fc4\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u6c11\u4e3b\u515a\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u4ee3\u8868\u5927\u4f1a\u4e0a\uff08\u4e00\u4e5d\u25cb\u4e09\u5e74\uff09\u5206\u88c2\u4e3a\u5e03\u5c14\u4ec0\u7ef4\u514b\uff08\u5373\u591a\u6570\u6d3e\uff09\u548c\u5b5f\u4ec0\u7ef4\u514b\uff08\u5373\u5c11\u6570\u6d3e\uff09\uff0c\u524d\u8005\u7531\u5217\u5b81\u9886\u5bfc\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u7531\u9a6c\u5c14\u6258\u592b\u9886\u5bfc\u3002\u540e\u6765\u4e24\u6d3e\u7684\u5206\u6b67\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u5927\uff0c\u5e03\u5c14\u4ec0\u7ef4\u514b\u4ee3\u8868\u575a\u51b3\u7684\u65e0\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u9769\u547d\u6d3e\uff0c\u800c\u5b5f\u4ec0\u7ef4\u514b\u6e10\u6e10\u53d8\u6210\u5c0f\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u6c11\u4e3b\u6539\u826f\u6d3e\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u5e03\u5c14\u4ec0\u7ef4\u514b\u9886\u5bfc\u5341\u6708\u9769\u547d\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u82cf\u7ef4\u57c3\u653f\u6743\uff0c\u672c\u8eab\u6539\u540d\u4e3a\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\uff0c\u5b5f\u4ec0\u7ef4\u514b\u4e0e\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u53cd\u5bf9\u82cf\u7ef4\u57c3\u653f\u6743\uff0c\u4ecd\u7559\u5728\u7b2c\u4e8c\u56fd\u9645\u5185\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marxists.org\/chinese\/trotsky\/marxist.org-chinese-trotsky-1938b.htm#_ftnref10\" name=\"_ftn10\"><sup>[10]<\/sup><\/a> \u4fc4\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u9769\u547d\u515a\uff08Social Revolutionaries\uff09\u6210\u7acb\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e5d\u25cb\u25cb\u5e74\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u521d\u671f\u5927\u4f53\u4e0a\u7ee7\u627f\u6c11\u7cb9\u6d3e\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\uff0c\u62b1\u6709\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u7406\u60f3\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u9760\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u4eba\u6c11\uff08\u4ee5\u519c\u6c11\u4e3a\u4e3b\uff09\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u4f7f\u4fc4\u56fd\u907f\u514d\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u5316\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fc4\u56fd\u53e4\u8001\u7684\u6751\u843d\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5b9e\u884c\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u3002\u5b83\u53cd\u5bf9\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u4e49\u5173\u4e8e\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u5386\u53f2\u8fdb\u6b65\u4f5c\u7528\u548c\u65e0\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u9769\u547d\u4f7f\u547d\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u3002\u540e\u6765\u5b83\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u653f\u7eb2\u5c31\u662f\u8981\u6c42\u571f\u5730\u56fd\u6709\u5316\uff0c\u548c\u5b9e\u884c\u65e2\u975e\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u53c8\u975e\u65e0\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e3b\u4e49\u3002\u5728\u4e00\u4e5d\u4e00\u4e03\u5e74\u4e8c\u6708\u9769\u547d\u540e\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u9769\u547d\u515a\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u5e9e\u5927\u800c\u65e0\u5b9a\u5f62\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u5728\u519c\u6c11\u548c\u58eb\u5175\u4e2d\u6709\u5de8\u5927\u52bf\u529b\u3002\u53f3\u6d3e\u793e\u4f1a\u9769\u547d\u515a\u9886\u8896\u575a\u6301\u4e0e\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u53c2\u52a0\u4e34\u65f6\u653f\u5e9c\uff0c\u53cd\u5bf9\u82cf\u7ef4\u57c3\u593a\u53d6\u653f\u6743\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u653f\u7eb2\u53d8\u6210\u7a7a\u8bdd\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u7fa4\u4f17\u6e10\u6e10\u88ab\u5e03\u5c14\u4ec0\u7ef4\u514b\u4e89\u53d6\u8fc7\u53bb\u3002\u5de6\u6d3e\u793e\u4f1a\u9769\u547d\u515a\u652f\u6301\u5341\u6708\u9769\u547d\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u521d\u671f\u53c2\u52a0\u82cf\u7ef4\u57c3\u653f\u5e9c\uff0c\u4f46\u4e00\u4e5d\u4e00\u516b\u5e74\u4e09\u6708\u56e0\u53cd\u5bf9\u5bf9\u5fb7\u548c\u7ea6\u800c\u9000\u51fa\u653f\u5e9c\uff0c\u4e03\u6708\u4e3e\u884c\u66b4\u52a8\uff0c\u8f6c\u5165\u53cd\u9769\u547d\u9635\u8425\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marxists.org\/chinese\/trotsky\/marxist.org-chinese-trotsky-1938b.htm#_ftnref11\" name=\"_ftn11\"><sup>[11]<\/sup><\/a> \u963f\u59c6\u65af\u7279\u4e39\u56fd\u9645\uff08Amsterdam International\uff09\uff0c\u5373\u4e00\u4e5d\u4e00\u4e5d\u5e74\u590d\u6d3b\u540e\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u5de5\u4f1a\u8054\u5408\u4f1a\uff08\u804c\u5de5\u56fd\u9645\uff09\uff0c\u56e0\u603b\u90e8\u8bbe\u5728\u963f\u59c6\u65af\u7279\u4e39\uff0c\u6545\u540d\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4e2a\u6539\u826f\u6d3e\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u53d7\u7b2c\u4e8c\u56fd\u9645\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u6781\u7aef\u53cd\u5171\u53cd\u82cf\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u7206\u53d1\u65f6\u5df2\u5b9e\u9645\u505c\u6b62\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u5230\u4e00\u4e5d\u56db\u4e94\u5e74\u4e16\u754c\u5de5\u4f1a\u8054\u5408\u4f1a\u6210\u7acb\u65f6\u6b63\u5f0f\u89e3\u6563\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marxists.org\/chinese\/trotsky\/marxist.org-chinese-trotsky-1938b.htm#_ftnref12\" name=\"_ftn12\"><sup>[12]<\/sup><\/a> \u53f0\u5c14\u66fc\uff08Thaelmann\uff09\u662f\u7eb3\u7cb9\u4e0a\u53f0\u524d\u5fb7\u56fd\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u7684\u9886\u8896\u53ca\u603b\u7edf\u5019\u9009\u4eba\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u53f2\u5927\u6797\u7684\u8def\u7ebf\uff0c\u81f4\u4f7f\u6b27\u6d32\u6700\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u5de5\u4eba\u9636\u7ea7\u548c\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u5728\u6cd5\u897f\u65af\u9762\u524d\u4e0d\u6218\u800c\u964d\u3002\u53f0\u5c14\u66fc\u4e00\u4e5d\u4e09\u4e09\u5e74\u88ab\u7eb3\u7cb9\u6295\u5165\u96c6\u4e2d\u8425\uff0c\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e5d\u56db\u4e94\u5e74\u88ab\u5904\u6b7b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marxists.org\/chinese\/trotsky\/marxist.org-chinese-trotsky-1938b.htm#_ftnref13\" name=\"_ftn13\"><sup>[13]<\/sup><\/a> \u683c\u67cf\u4e4c\uff08GPU\uff09\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u6cdb\u6307\u82cf\u8054\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u8b66\u5bdf\u3002\u82cf\u8054\u653f\u6cbb\u8b66\u5bdf\u673a\u5173\u5148\u540e\u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u540d\u79f0\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u4e5d\u4e8c\u4e8c\u5e74\u81f3\u4e00\u4e5d\u4e09\u56db\u5e74\u4e4b\u95f4\u79f0\u4e3a\u56fd\u5bb6\u653f\u6cbb\u4fdd\u536b\u5c40\uff0c\u5176\u7b80\u79f0GPU\u8bd1\u97f3\u4e3a\u683c\u67cf\u4e4c\u3002\u683c\u67cf\u4e4c\u672c\u6765\u662f\u7528\u6765\u9547\u538b\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u53cd\u9769\u547d\u4efd\u5b50\u7684\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u5728\u53f2\u5927\u6797\u6d3e\u5b98\u50da\u624b\u4e2d\u53d8\u6210\u65e0\u6076\u4e0d\u4f5c\u3001\u51f6\u6b8b\u4e4b\u6781\u7684\u53cd\u52a8\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u6765\u5bf9\u4ed8\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u9769\u547d\u8005\u3001\u4e00\u5207\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0a\u4e0d\u540c\u610f\u89c1\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4efb\u4f55\u53d7\u5b98\u50da\u96c6\u56e2\u6000\u7591\u6216\u4e0d\u559c\u6b22\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u5815\u843d\u540e\u7684\u5171\u4ea7\u56fd\u9645\u4fbf\u5b8c\u5168\u53d7\u683c\u67cf\u4e4c\u63a7\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marxists.org\/chinese\/trotsky\/marxist.org-chinese-trotsky-1938b.htm#_ftnref14\" name=\"_ftn14\"><sup>[14]<\/sup><\/a> \u70ed\u6708\uff08Thermidorian\uff09\uff0c\u662f\u5341\u516b\u4e16\u7eaa\u672b\u6cd5\u56fd\u5927\u9769\u547d\u65f6\u6240\u91c7\u7528\u7684\u9769\u547d\u5386\u7684\u7b2c\u5341\u4e00\u6708\u4efd\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u3002\u4e00\u4e03\u4e5d\u56db\u5e74\u7279\u5c14\u7c73\u591a\u6708\u4e5d\u65e5\uff0c\u7f57\u4f2f\u65af\u6bd4\u5c14\u7684\u9769\u547d\u653f\u6743\u88ab\u63a8\u7ffb\uff0c\u6cd5\u56fd\u653f\u5c40\u5f00\u59cb\u5411\u53f3\u8f6c\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u9020\u6210\u62ff\u7834\u4ed1\u4e0a\u53f0\u53ca\u7b2c\u4e00\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u706d\u4ea1\u3002\u7279\u5c14\u7c73\u591a\u4e8b\u53d8\u8868\u793a\u4ece\u9769\u547d\u8f6c\u4e3a\u53cd\u52a8\uff0c\u4f46\u6ca1\u6709\u8fbe\u5230\u53cd\u9769\u547d\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u9769\u547d\u6240\u521b\u9020\u7684\u65b0\u793e\u4f1a\u5236\u5ea6\u4ecd\u7136\u4fdd\u5b58\u7740\u3002\u6258\u6d1b\u6b21\u57fa\u5e38\u62ff\u82cf\u8054\u53f2\u5927\u6797\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u53cd\u52a8\u548c\u7279\u5c14\u7c73\u591a\u76f8\u6bd4\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marxists.org\/chinese\/trotsky\/marxist.org-chinese-trotsky-1938b.htm#_ftnref15\" name=\"_ftn15\"><sup>[15]<\/sup><\/a> \u6208\u57f9\u5c14\uff08Goebbels\uff09\u662f\u7eb3\u7cb9\u515a\u7684\u5ba3\u4f20\u90e8\u957f\uff0c\u7eb3\u7cb9\u8986\u4ea1\u65f6\u81ea\u6740\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marxists.org\/chinese\/trotsky\/marxist.org-chinese-trotsky-1938b.htm#_ftnref16\" name=\"_ftn16\"><sup>[16]<\/sup><\/a> \u300c\u7b2c\u4e09\u65f6\u671f\u300d\uff08Third Period\uff09\u2500\u2500\u8fd9\u662f\u53f2\u5927\u6797\u6d3e\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u770b\u6cd5\u548c\u4e00\u79cd\u8def\u7ebf\u3002\u4e00\u4e5d\u4e8c\u516b\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5ba3\u79f0\u6218\u540e\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e16\u754c\u8fdb\u5165\u4e86\u300c\u7b2c\u4e09\u65f6\u671f\u300d\uff0c\u5373\u65e0\u53ef\u633d\u6551\u7684\u5371\u673a\u548c\u7acb\u5373\u706d\u4ea1\u7684\u65f6\u671f\u3002\u6839\u636e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f30\u8ba1\uff0c\u5171\u4ea7\u56fd\u9645\u547d\u4ee4\u5404\u56fd\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u91c7\u53d6\u6781\u5de6\u5192\u9669\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u8fc5\u901f\u53d6\u5f97\u653f\u6743\u3002\u8fd9\u8def\u7ebf\u9020\u6210\u8bb8\u591a\u6076\u679c\uff0c\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\u5728\u5fb7\u56fd\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5927\u5927\u4f4e\u4f30\u4e86\u7eb3\u7cb9\u515a\u7684\u5a01\u80c1\uff0c\u5374\u6307\u793e\u4f1a\u6c11\u4e3b\u515a\u4e3a\u300c\u793e\u4f1a\u6cd5\u897f\u65af\u300d\uff0c\u5b8c\u5168\u629b\u5f03\u4e86\u5de5\u4eba\u9636\u7ea7\u7edf\u4e00\u6218\u7ebf\u7684\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u8ba9\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u767b\u53f0\u3002\u300c\u7b2c\u4e09\u65f6\u671f\u300d\u8def\u7ebf\u65bd\u884c\u5230\u4e00\u4e5d\u4e09\u56db\u5e74\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u88ab\u53f3\u503e\u7684\u300c\u4eba\u6c11\u9635\u7ebf\u300d\u8def\u7ebf\u4ee3\u66ff\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marxists.org\/chinese\/trotsky\/marxist.org-chinese-trotsky-1938b.htm#_ftnref17\" name=\"_ftn17\"><sup>[17]<\/sup><\/a> \u6765\u58eb\u662f\u5171\u4ea7\u56fd\u9645\u548c\u683c\u67cf\u4e4c\u6d3e\u9a7b\u897f\u6b27\u62c5\u4efb\u79d8\u5bc6\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u4e00\u540d\u9ad8\u7ea7\u4eba\u5458\uff0c\u662f\u771f\u6b63\u4e3a\u4e86\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u9769\u547d\u4e8b\u4e1a\u800c\u53c2\u52a0\u683c\u67cf\u4e4c\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u6218\u58eb\u3002\u4ed6\u56e0\u4e3a\u538c\u6076\u53f2\u5927\u6797\u7684\u53cd\u52a8\u7edf\u6cbb\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e5d\u4e09\u516d\u5e74\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u83ab\u65af\u79d1\u5ba1\u5224\u6848\u5927\u5bc3\u72f1\u6df1\u523b\u53cd\u611f\uff0c\u4e0b\u51b3\u5fc3\u8131\u79bb\u53f2\u5927\u6797\u5b98\u50da\u673a\u5173\uff0c\u53c2\u52a0\u5efa\u7acb\u7b2c\u56db\u56fd\u9645\u7684\u961f\u4f0d\u3002\u4e00\u4e5d\u4e09\u4e03\u5e74\u4e03\u6708\uff0c\u4ed6\u4ece\u5df4\u9ece\u5bc4\u4fe1\u7ed9\u82cf\u5171\u4e2d\u592e\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u5ba3\u5e03\u4ed6\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u5728\u897f\u6b27\u79d8\u5bc6\u5de5\u4f5c\u4eba\u5458\u4e2d\u7b56\u52a8\u540c\u6837\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8\u3002\u4e5d\u6708\u56db\u65e5\uff0c\u4ed6\u88ab\u53f2\u5927\u6797\u6d3e\u9063\u7684\u51f6\u624b\u8bf1\u5f80\u745e\u58eb\u6d1b\u6851\u9644\u8fd1\u6740\u6b7b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marxists.org\/chinese\/trotsky\/marxist.org-chinese-trotsky-1938b.htm#_ftnref18\" name=\"_ftn18\"><sup>[18]<\/sup><\/a> \u5e03\u7530\u79d1\u662f\u82cf\u8054\u5916\u4ea4\u4f7f\u9986\u4e2d\u4e00\u540d\u6b66\u5b98\uff0c\u8131\u79bb\u82cf\u8054\u5b98\u50da\u96c6\u56e2\u540e\uff0c\u5b8c\u5168\u8f6c\u53d8\u5230\u6cd5\u897f\u65af\u4e3b\u4e49\u7acb\u573a\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marxists.org\/chinese\/trotsky\/marxist.org-chinese-trotsky-1938b.htm#_ftnref19\" name=\"_ftn19\"><sup>[19]<\/sup><\/a> 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href=\"https:\/\/www.marxists.org\/chinese\/trotsky\/marxist.org-chinese-trotsky-1938b.htm#_ftnref21\" name=\"_ftn21\"><sup>[21]<\/sup><\/a> \u4e2d\u6d3e\u662f\u5de5\u4eba\u8fd0\u52a8\uff08\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u5916\u56f4\u7684\u6fc0\u8fdb\u8fd0\u52a8\uff09\u4e2d\u5904\u4e8e\u6539\u826f\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u6d3e\u522b\u3002\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u4e49\u4ee3\u8868\u5de5\u4eba\u9636\u7ea7\u7684\u957f\u8fdc\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u6539\u826f\u4e3b\u4e49\u662f\u5de5\u4eba\u5b98\u50da\u548c\u5de5\u4eba\u8d35\u65cf\u7684\u7acb\u573a\u3002\u4e2d\u6d3e\u4e3b\u4e49\u5374\u6ca1\u6709\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u5de5\u4eba\u4e4b\u4e2d\u67d0\u4e00\u5c42\u6b21\u6b63\u5728\u4ece\u5de6\u5411\u53f3\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e2d\u7684\u8fc7\u6e21\u7acb\u573a\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6709\u5de6\u503e\u4e2d\u6d3e\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u53f3\u503e\u4e2d\u6d3e\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5206\u522b\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div 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