{"id":28546,"date":"2021-04-10T23:03:23","date_gmt":"2021-04-10T15:03:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/chinaworker.info\/?page_id=28546"},"modified":"2021-04-10T23:04:36","modified_gmt":"2021-04-10T15:04:36","slug":"%e6%88%98%e4%ba%89%e4%b8%ad%e7%9a%84%e8%8b%8f%e8%81%94%ef%bc%9a%e8%8b%8f%e5%be%b7%e6%9d%a1%e7%ba%a6%e4%b8%8e%e8%8b%8f%e8%81%94%e7%9a%84%e6%80%a7%e8%b4%a8","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/chinaworker.info\/zh-hans\/28536-2\/%e6%88%98%e4%ba%89%e4%b8%ad%e7%9a%84%e8%8b%8f%e8%81%94%ef%bc%9a%e8%8b%8f%e5%be%b7%e6%9d%a1%e7%ba%a6%e4%b8%8e%e8%8b%8f%e8%81%94%e7%9a%84%e6%80%a7%e8%b4%a8\/","title":{"rendered":"\u6218\u4e89\u4e2d\u7684\u82cf\u8054\uff1a\u82cf\u5fb7\u6761\u7ea6\u4e0e\u82cf\u8054\u7684\u6027\u8d28\uff081939\u5e749\u670825\u65e5\uff09"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"tdi_1\" class=\"tdc-zone\"><div class=\"tdc_zone tdi_2  wpb_row td-pb-row\"  >\n<style scoped>\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv 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style=\"font-size: large;\">\u5217\u00b7\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa<\/span><br \/>\n\u674e\u661f \u8bd1<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\">\u82cf\u5fb7\u6761\u7ea6\u4e0e\u82cf\u8054\u7684\u6027\u8d28<\/h3>\n<p>\u82cf\u5fb7\u4e92\u4e0d\u4fb5\u72af\u6761\u7ea6\u7684\u7b7e\u8ba2\uff0c\u4f7f\u7b2c\u56db\u56fd\u9645\u53ca\u82e5\u5e72\u5de6\u7ffc\u5708\u5b50\u5185\u90e8\u518d\u6b21\u7206\u53d1\u8bba\u6218\uff1a\u80fd\u5426\u7ee7\u7eed\u79f0\u82cf\u8054\u4e3a\u5de5\u4eba\u56fd\u5bb6<a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marxists.org\/chinese\/trotsky\/1940book\/02.htm#_ftn1\" name=\"_ftnref1\">[1]<\/a>\uff1f\u5bf9\u8bba\u6218\u672c\u8eab\u4e0d\u5fc5\u5927\u60ca\u5c0f\u602a\u3002\u56fd\u9645\u5de5\u4eba\u9636\u7ea7\u521a\u521a\u63a5\u89e6\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5de5\u4eba\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u9996\u6279\u5b9e\u8df5\uff0c\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e00\u5386\u53f2\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u5c1a\u65e0\u4efb\u4f55\u6210\u719f\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\u3002\u7b80\u7ea6\u5730\u8bf4\uff0c\u5bf9\u82cf\u8054\u793e\u4f1a\u7279\u5f81\u7684\u79cd\u79cd\u8bef\u5224\u2014\u2014\u6b63\u5982\u6211\u4eec\u6307\u51fa\u7684\u2014\u2014\u6e90\u4e8e\u4ee5\u653f\u6cbb\u7eb2\u9886\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u6807\u51c6\u5077\u6362\u5386\u53f2\u4e8b\u5b9e\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e0e\u7eb2\u9886\u76f8\u80cc\uff0c\u4e0d\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4e8b\u5b9e\u9a73\u5012\u4e86\u7eb2\u9886\uff1b\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5b83\u4ee5\u53cd\u8bc1\u6cd5\u786e\u8ba4\u4e86\u7eb2\u9886\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u3002\u4ee5\u82cf\u8054\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u63ed\u793a\u548c\u5206\u6790\u7684\u5b98\u50da\u8715\u5316\uff0c\u66f4\u9c9c\u660e\u5730\u662d\u793a\u4e86\u4e0b\u5217\u8981\u70b9\uff1a\u5de5\u4eba\u56fd\u5bb6\u5e94\u6709\u7684\u9762\u8c8c\uff1b\u4e00\u5b9a\u5386\u53f2\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0c\u6216\u8bb8\u6709\u600e\u6837\u7684\u626d\u66f2\uff1b\u8715\u53d8\u7684\u5ef6\u7eed\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u4f55\u79cd\u7ed3\u5c40\u3002\u7406\u8bba\u6807\u51c6\u4e0e\u73b0\u72b6\u7684\u5206\u79bb\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u662f\u629b\u5f03\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u800c\u4ee5\u9769\u547d\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e3a\u7406\u60f3\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u800c\u6597\u4e89<a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marxists.org\/chinese\/trotsky\/1940book\/02.htm#_ftn2\" name=\"_ftnref2\">[2]<\/a>\u3002\u5728\u82cf\u8054\uff0c\u4e0b\u4e00\u573a\u9769\u547d\u7684\u7eb2\u9886\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u82cf\u8054\u2014\u2014\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5ba2\u89c2\u5386\u53f2\u5b58\u5728\u2014\u2014\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u8bc4\u4ef7\uff0c\u4e5f\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u300c\u5de5\u4eba\u56fd\u5bb6\u300d\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u6807\u51c6\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u5fc5\u5927\u547c\u5c0f\u53eb\u300c\u5b8c\u4e86\uff0c\u5168\u5b8c\u4e86\uff01\u4e00\u5207\u5f97\u4ece\u5934\u5f00\u59cb\u300d\uff0c\u800c\u5e94\u660e\u6670\u9610\u8ff0\u54ea\u4e9b\u73b0\u5b58\u7684\u5de5\u4eba\u56fd\u5bb6\u56e0\u7d20\u6709\u671b\u88ab\u633d\u6551\u3001\u4fdd\u7559\u4e0e\u53d1\u5c55\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u82cf\u8054\u5de5\u4eba\u63a8\u7ffb\u5b98\u50da\u4e13\u5236\u7684\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u662f\u590d\u5174\u82cf\u7ef4\u57c3\u5e76\u5265\u593a\u4eca\u65e5\u5f53\u6743\u8005\u7684\u7edf\u6cbb\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u76ee\u524d\uff0c\u7b2c\u56db\u56fd\u9645\u7684\u6d77\u5916\u5de6\u7ffc\u6279\u8bc4\u8005\u6ca1\u6709\uff08\u4e5f\u65e0\u6cd5\uff09\u63d0\u51fa\u5176\u5b83\u76ee\u6807<a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marxists.org\/chinese\/trotsky\/1940book\/02.htm#_ftn3\" name=\"_ftnref3\">[3]<\/a>\u3002\u534f\u52a9\u56fd\u9645\u5de5\u4eba\u9769\u547d\u4e0e\u5efa\u6210\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c\u662f\u82cf\u7ef4\u57c3\u590d\u5174\u540e\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u4efb\u52a1\u3002\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u987a\u7406\u6210\u7ae0\u5730\u8981\u6c42\u4fdd\u5b58\u82cf\u8054\u7684\u56fd\u6709\u5236\u4e0e\u8ba1\u5212\u7ecf\u6d4e\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u5168\u90e8\u8bba\u6218\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u3002\u4e00\u6279\u6d77\u5916\u5de6\u7ffc\u8bd5\u56fe\u8bba\u8bc1\u82cf\u5fb7\u6761\u7ea6\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u82cf\u8054\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u6027\u8d28\u3002\u7a76\u5176\u6839\u672c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u8bba\u70b9\u662f\u5bf9\u5171\u4ea7\u56fd\u9645\u6628\u65e5\u5ba3\u4f20\u7684\u968f\u58f0\u9644\u548c\u3002\u9075\u5faa\u8fd9\u53f7\u65e0\u8111\u5ba3\u4f20\u7684\u903b\u8f91\uff0c\u5de5\u4eba\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u4f7f\u547d\u4ec5\u662f\u634d\u536b\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u4ee3\u8bae\u6c11\u4e3b\uff1b\u4e00\u65e6\u82cf\u8054\u300c\u80cc\u53db\u6c11\u4e3b\u300d\u4e0e\u6cd5\u897f\u65af\u4ea4\u597d\uff0c\u5373\u4e27\u5931\u4e86\u5de5\u4eba\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u5934\u8854\u3002\u5176\u5b9e\uff0c\u4e0e\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u7b7e\u7f72\u548c\u7ea6\u7684\u884c\u7ecf\uff0c\u56fa\u7136\u8ba9\u56fd\u9645\u65e0\u4ea7\u8005\u518d\u5ea6\u4e86\u89e3\u83ab\u65af\u79d1\u96c6\u56e2\u7684\u8d25\u574f\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u540e\u8005\u5bf9\u4e16\u754c\u5de5\u4eba\u9636\u7ea7\u53ca\u7ec4\u7ec7<a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marxists.org\/chinese\/trotsky\/1940book\/02.htm#_ftn4\" name=\"_ftnref4\">[4]<\/a>\u2014\u2014\u5305\u62ec\u5171\u4ea7\u56fd\u9645\u2014\u2014\u7684\u8f7b\u8511\uff0c\u5374\u672a\u7ed9\u66f4\u6539\u82cf\u8054\u9636\u7ea7\u6027\u8d28\u7684\u5224\u65ad\u63d0\u4f9b\u65b0\u57fa\u7840<a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marxists.org\/chinese\/trotsky\/1940book\/02.htm#_ftn5\" name=\"_ftnref5\">[5]<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\">\u653f\u6cbb\u5206\u6b67\u8fd8\u662f\u672f\u8bed\u5206\u6b67\uff1f<\/h3>\n<p>\u5bf9\u7b2c\u56db\u56fd\u9645\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u82cf\u8054\u6027\u8d28\u4e4b\u4e89\u4e0e\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u5174\u8da3\u65e0\u5173\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u843d\u5b9e\u73b0\u5b9e\u653f\u6cbb\u4efb\u52a1<a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marxists.org\/chinese\/trotsky\/1940book\/02.htm#_ftn6\" name=\"_ftnref6\">[6]<\/a>\u3002\u4e3a\u6f84\u6e05\u771f\u76f8\uff0c\u6682\u4e14\u5047\u5b9a\u5b98\u50da\u662f\u300c\u65b0\u9636\u7ea7\u300d\uff0c\u73b0\u6709\u82cf\u8054\u4f53\u5236\u662f\u9636\u7ea7\u5265\u524a\u7684\u7279\u8272\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u4ece\u4e0a\u8ff0\u6982\u5ff5\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u53ef\u5f97\u51fa\u54ea\u4e9b\u65b0\u7ed3\u8bba\uff1f\u63d0\u9192\u8bfb\u8005\uff0c\u7b2c\u56db\u56fd\u9645\u65e9\u5df2\u627f\u8ba4\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u9769\u547d\u8d77\u4e49\u63a8\u7ffb\u5b98\u50da\u4e13\u5236\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u6027\u3002\u65ad\u8a00\u5b98\u50da\u662f\u5265\u524a\u300c\u9636\u7ea7\u300d\u7684\u540c\u5fd7\uff0c\u60f3\u5fc5\u4e0d\u4f1a\u2014\u2014\u4e5f\u65e0\u6cd5\u2014\u2014\u63d0\u51fa\u5176\u5b83\u53f7\u53ec\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u82cf\u7ef4\u57c3\u590d\u5174\u540e\uff0c\u751f\u4ea7\u529b\u5728\u5404\u5de5\u4e1a\u90e8\u95e8\u7684\u5206\u914d\u4ee5\u53ca\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8ba1\u5212\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u5185\u6db5\u4f1a\u6709\u5927\u7684\u66f4\u6539\u3002\u65b0\u7684\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u4f1a\u7531\u751f\u4ea7\u8005\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u603b\u4f53\u5229\u76ca\u2014\u2014\u800c\u975e\u4e13\u804c\u5b98\u5458\u7684\u77ed\u671f\u672c\u4f4d\u5229\u76ca\u2014\u2014\u6765\u4e3b\u5bfc\u65b9\u5411\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u573a\u63a8\u7ffb\u5bc4\u751f\u5be1\u5934\u4f46\u4fdd\u5b58\u751f\u4ea7\u8d44\u6599\u56fd\u6709\u5236\u7684\u9769\u547d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u79f0\u5b83\u4e3a\u653f\u6cbb\u9769\u547d\u3002\u8fd1\u6765\uff0c\u7b2c\u56db\u56fd\u9645\u7684\u5de6\u7ffc\u6279\u8bc4\u8005\uff08\u5947\u7acb\u52a0\u3001\u5e03\u9c81\u8bfa\u7b49\u4eba\uff09\u5927\u58f0\u75be\u547c\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u672a\u6765\u7684\u82cf\u8054\u9769\u547d\u5e94\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u9769\u547d\uff1b\u597d\u5427\uff0c\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u5c1d\u8bd5\u66f4\u6539\u672f\u8bed\uff0c\u770b\u770b\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u662f\u5426\u56e0\u6b64\u6709\u6839\u672c\u53d8\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u603b\u4f53\u4e0a\u8bb2\uff0c\u7b2c\u56db\u56fd\u9645\u7684\u6d77\u5916\u5de6\u7ffc\u6279\u8bc4\u8005\u4e00\u76f4\u6cbf\u7528\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5206\u6790\u3002\u4ece\u5b98\u50da\u5c42\u5728\u82cf\u8054\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u3001\u5b83\u4e0e\u52b3\u52a8\u7fa4\u4f17\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u5173\u7cfb\u76f4\u81f3\u83ab\u65af\u79d1\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9\u7b2c\u56db\u56fd\u9645\u7684\u8bc4\u4ef7\u6ca1\u4f5c\u4efb\u4f55\u91cd\u5927\u8865\u5145\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5168\u8eab\u5fc3\u5730\u4f9d\u8d56\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u4f9d\u8d56\u5f97\u8fc7\u4e86\u5934<a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marxists.org\/chinese\/trotsky\/1940book\/02.htm#_ftn7\" name=\"_ftnref7\">[7]<\/a>\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u6307\u8d23\uff0c\u4ec5\u5728\u4e8e\u7b2c\u56db\u56fd\u9645\u300c\u6ca1\u505a\u51fa\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u300d\u3002\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u4ed4\u7ec6\u7aef\u8be6\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u65f6\uff0c\u5374\u770b\u5230\u4e00\u5806\u5c0f\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u8d4c\u6c14\u628a\u620f\u2014\u2014\u62d2\u7edd\u628a\u8715\u5316\u7684\u5de5\u4eba\u56fd\u5bb6\u79f0\u4e3a\u5de5\u4eba\u56fd\u5bb6\uff1b\u628a\u4f5c\u5a01\u4f5c\u798f\u7684\u5e72\u90e8\u8001\u7237\u79f0\u4e3a\u7edf\u6cbb\u9636\u7ea7\uff1b\u5ba3\u5e03\u63a8\u7ffb\u5b98\u50da\u7684\u9769\u547d\u4e0d\u662f\u653f\u6cbb\u9769\u547d\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u9769\u547d\u3002\u53ea\u8981\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u5b57\u773c\u4e0a\u4e88\u4ee5\u8ba9\u6b65\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\u81ea\u5df1\u5f88\u88ab\u52a8\uff0c\u4e0d\u77e5\u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406\u4e00\u4e2a\u7eaf\u5c5e\u53e3\u820c\u4e4b\u4e89\u7684\u300c\u7406\u8bba\u5b8c\u80dc\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\">\u91cd\u65b0\u68c0\u9a8c\u81ea\u8eab\u7acb\u573a<\/h3>\n<p>\u4ec5\u4ec5\u7531\u4e8e\u82cf\u8054\u6027\u8d28\u5224\u65ad\u7684\u5206\u6b67\u5c31\u6002\u607f\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5206\u88c2\uff0c\u4f1a\u917f\u6210\u5927\u9519\uff1a\u73b0\u5b9e\u6597\u4e89\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6301\u4e0d\u540c\u89c2\u70b9\u7684\u540c\u5fd7\u4e0e\u6211\u4eec\u4ecd\u4fdd\u6301\u4e00\u81f4\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5bf9\u7406\u8bba\u5206\u6b67\u2014\u2014\u54ea\u6015\u7ea0\u7f20\u4e8e\u51e0\u4e2a\u672f\u8bed\u2014\u2014\u89c6\u82e5\u65e0\u7779\uff0c\u5219\u4e0e\u653f\u6cbb\u76f2\u4eba\u65e0\u5f02\u3002\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u672f\u8bed\u7eb7\u4e89\u8fdf\u65e9\u4f1a\u957f\u51fa\u6d3b\u751f\u751f\u7684\u5b9e\u8df5\u8840\u8089\uff0c\u5e76\u5f62\u6210\u622a\u7136\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u7ed3\u8bba\u3002\u7ec6\u5fc3\u7684\u4e3b\u5987\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u5bb6\u91cc\u79ef\u5b58\u86db\u7f51\u5783\u573e\uff0c\u5148\u950b\u5de5\u4eba\u515a\u4e0d\u80fd\u5bb9\u5fcd\u539f\u5219\u9886\u57df\u7684\u6a21\u7cca\u3001\u6df7\u4e71\u4e0e\u6a21\u68f1\u4e24\u53ef\u3002\u9700\u8981\u4fdd\u6301\u6574\u6d01\uff01<\/p>\n<p>\u4e3a\u4e86\u4f7f\u8bba\u6218\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u663e\u5f97\u66f4\u6e05\u6670<a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marxists.org\/chinese\/trotsky\/1940book\/02.htm#_ftn8\" name=\"_ftnref8\">[8]<\/a>\uff0c\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u56de\u987e\u6614\u65e5\u56f4\u7ed5\u82cf\u8054\u5c55\u5f00\u7684\u8fa9\u8bba<a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marxists.org\/chinese\/trotsky\/1940book\/02.htm#_ftn9\" name=\"_ftnref9\">[9]<\/a>\u3002\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\u91cc\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5224\u65ad\u56fd\u5185\u653f\u6cbb\u53cd\u9769\u547d\u5904\u4e8e\u915d\u917f\u9636\u6bb5\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u628a\u82cf\u8054\u8715\u53d8\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e0e\u6cd5\u56fd\u9769\u547d\u7684\u53cd\u52a8\u65f6\u671f\u52a0\u4ee5\u5bf9\u6bd4\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u66f4\u6df1\u601d\u719f\u8651\u3001\u66f4\u786e\u5207\u5730\u603b\u7ed3\u4e86\u56fd\u5185\u5b98\u50da\u4e13\u5236\u7684\u6f14\u53d8\u7279\u8272\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u5f97\u51fa\u7ed3\u8bba\u2014\u2014\u82cf\u8054\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u53cd\u9769\u547d\u5df2\u544a\u5b8c\u6210\u3002\u7531\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u516c\u5f00\u4fee\u6b63\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5224\u65ad\uff0c\u6ca1\u5f15\u8d77\u961f\u4f0d\u5185\u90e8\u4e9b\u5fae\u7684\u614c\u4e71\u3002\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f\u56e0\u4e3a\u7b2c\u56db\u56fd\u9645\u7684\u5168\u4f53\u540c\u5fd7\u516c\u5f00\u53c2\u4e0e\u4e86\u5bf9\u82cf\u8054\u653f\u6cbb\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u5b9e\u8d28\u8bc4\u4f30\uff0c\u4e00\u8d77\u76ee\u7779\u4e86\u83ab\u65af\u79d1\u5b98\u50da\u53ca\u5168\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u53cd\u52a8\u6027\u65e5\u6e10\u7316\u72c2\u7684\u540e\u679c\u3002\u5bf9\u6211\u4eec\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u96be\u70b9\u5728\u4e8e\u5982\u4f55\u66f4\u5408\u7406\u5730\u501f\u7528\u5df2\u77e5\u53f2\u4f8b\uff08\u6bd4\u5982\u6cd5\u56fd\u9769\u547d\u9ad8\u6f6e\u7684\u7ec8\u7ed3\uff09<a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marxists.org\/chinese\/trotsky\/1940book\/02.htm#_ftn10\" name=\"_ftnref10\">[10]<\/a>\u5256\u6790\u8715\u53d8\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u3002\u6211\u5e0c\u671b\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u7b2c\u56db\u56fd\u9645\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u540c\u5fd7\u5728\u8bd5\u63a2\u300c\u4fdd\u536b\u82cf\u8054\u300d\u4e00\u4e8b\u7684\u88c2\u75d5\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff08\u4e0b\u9762\u4f1a\u8c08\u53ca\u6b64\u4e8b\uff09\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4ecd\u80fd\u4ee5\u5bf9\u57fa\u672c\u601d\u8def\u7684\u660e\u6670\u7ea0\u504f\uff0c\u4fdd\u6301\u7ec4\u7ec7\u56e2\u7ed3\u3002<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\">\u80bf\u7624\u8fd8\u662f\u65b0\u7684\u5668\u5b98\uff1f<\/h3>\n<p>\u7b2c\u56db\u56fd\u9645\u7684\u5de6\u7ffc\u6279\u8bc4\u8005\u5c61\u6b21\u63f4\u5f15\u4e00\u6761\u8bba\u636e\uff1a\u4e0e\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u5de5\u4f1a\u5b98\u5458\u53ca\u516c\u52a1\u5458\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u82cf\u8054\u5f53\u6743\u6d3e\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u751a\u5927\u3002\u7531\u6b64\uff0c\u5de6\u7ffc\u6279\u8bc4\u8005\u5ba3\u5e03\u7ea2\u573a\u7684\u90e8\u957f\u4eec\u4e0e\u7eb3\u7cb9\u9177\u540f\u76f8\u4eff\uff0c\u5404\u81ea\u4ee3\u8868\u65b0\u7684\u5f3a\u5927\u793e\u4f1a\u6784\u6210\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4ece\u672a\u5426\u5b9a\u4e0a\u8ff0\u65b0\u5386\u53f2\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u65e2\u7136\u5de6\u7ffc\u6279\u8bc4\u8005\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u63a8\u8bba\u82cf\u8054\u5b98\u50da\u662f\u4e2a\u300c\u9636\u7ea7\u300d\uff0c\u5c31\u5f97\u627f\u8ba4\u540e\u8005\u6709\u522b\u4e8e\u4ee5\u5f80\u7684\u6709\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u51fa\u81ea\u5706\u5176\u8bf4\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u3002\u62ff\u8f6c\u6362\u5b57\u773c\u6765\u53d8\u66f4\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u6027\u8d28\uff0c\u663e\u7136\u7ad9\u4e0d\u4f4f\u811a\u3002\u7b2c\u56db\u56fd\u9645\u5e38\u628a\u8054\u5171\u653f\u6cbb\u5c40\u79f0\u4e3a\u300c\u9ad8\u7b49\u79cd\u59d3\u96c6\u56e2\u300d\uff0c\u4ee5\u5f3a\u8c03\u540e\u8005\u7684\u5c01\u95ed\u6027\u3001\u968f\u610f\u5904\u7f6e\u65e0\u6743\u8005\u548c\u72c2\u5984\u81ea\u5927\u7b49\u793e\u4f1a-\u7cbe\u795e\u7279\u5f81\uff1b\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7fa4\u4f53\u81ea\u8bb8\u300c\u53d7\u547d\u4e8e\u5929\u300d\uff0c\u800c\u52b3\u82e6\u5927\u4f17\u5904\u4e8e\u8f83\u5351\u8d31\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u4f46\u300c\u9ad8\u7b49\u79cd\u59d3\u300d\u7684\u501f\u55bb\u5f0f\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5177\u5907\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u7279\u5f81\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u597d\u5904\u5728\u4e8e\u501f\u55bb\u6027\u4e00\u671b\u53ef\u77e5\uff0c\u6ca1\u4eba\u771f\u4ee5\u4e3a\u83ab\u65af\u79d1\u7684\u9ad8\u5e72\u5c31\u662f\u5370\u5ea6\u6559\u796d\u53f8\u3002\u65e7\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u672f\u8bed\u6ca1\u6709\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6cd5\u7ed9\u8fd9\u4e00\u65b0\u793e\u4f1a\u73b0\u8c61\u2014\u2014\u4e0d\u505c\u7684\u8fd0\u52a8\uff08\u8715\u53d8\uff09\u56e0\u800c\u5c1a\u65e0\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u8868\u73b0\u5f62\u5f0f\u2014\u2014\u63d0\u4f9b\u5408\u9002\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u81f3\u4e8e\u7b2c\u56db\u56fd\u9645\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6cbf\u7528\u300c\u5b98\u50da\u300d\u8fd9\u4e00\u65e7\u540d\u8bcd\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u7262\u8bb0\u5b83\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u7279\u6b8a\u6027\u3002\u773c\u4e0b\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u591f\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5c31\u82cf\u8054\u6027\u8d28\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u56fd\u9645\u5171\u8fd0\u78b0\u5230\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u4e0e\u653f\u6cbb\u2014\u2014\u800c\u975e\u5634\u76ae\u5b50\u2014\u2014\u7591\u96be\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a\u5b98\u50da\u5c42\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u808c\u4f53\u7684\u4e34\u65f6\u80bf\u7624\uff0c\u6291\u6216\u5c06\u8fdb\u5316\u6210\u5177\u5907\u5386\u53f2\u5fc5\u8981\u6027\u7684\u65b0\u5668\u5b98\uff1f\u793e\u4f1a\u4e00\u65f6\u7684\u7578\u5f62\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u662f\u8bf8\u591a\u5386\u53f2\u56e0\u7d20\u7684\u300c\u610f\u5916\u300d\uff08\u5373\u6682\u65f6\u548c\u4f8b\u5916\uff09\u7efc\u5408\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u540e\u679c\uff1b\u793e\u4f1a\u5668\u5b98\u2014\u2014\u6bcf\u4e2a\u9636\u7ea7\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u5265\u524a\u9636\u7ea7\uff09\u90fd\u662f\u7c7b\u4f3c\u5668\u5b98\u2014\u2014\u7684\u5f62\u6210\uff0c\u5374\u6e90\u81ea\u793e\u4f1a\u751f\u4ea7\u7684\u6df1\u523b\u5185\u90e8\u9700\u6c42\u3002\u5047\u5982\u56de\u907f\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7591\u96be\uff0c\u5168\u90e8\u8fa9\u8bba\u7b49\u4e8e\u65e0\u804a\u7684\u53e3\u6c34\u6218\u3002<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\">\u5b98\u50da\u5c42\uff1a\u5e74\u8f7b\u5374\u8150\u673d<sup><a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marxists.org\/chinese\/trotsky\/1940book\/02.htm#_ftn11\" name=\"_ftnref11\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">[11]<\/span><\/a><\/sup><\/h3>\n<p>\u7b80\u7ea6\u5730\u8bf4\uff0c\u5404\u79cd\u7edf\u6cbb\u9636\u7ea7\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u5b58\u5728\u4ef7\u503c\uff0c\u5728\u4e8e\u5b83\u6240\u4ee3\u8868\u3001\u5f15\u9886\u7684\u538b\u8feb\u4f53\u7cfb\u4f7f\u751f\u4ea7\u529b\u5347\u9ad8\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u53f0\u9636\u3002\u6bcb\u5eb8\u7f6e\u7591\uff0c\u82cf\u8054\u73b0\u4f53\u5236\u7ed9\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5e26\u6765\u5f3a\u52b2\u52a8\u529b\u3002\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e00\u52a8\u529b\u6e90\u81ea\u751f\u4ea7\u8d44\u6599\u56fd\u6709\u5316\u4e0e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u5e72\u90e8\u7be1\u593a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6307\u6325\u6743\u7684\u529f\u52b3\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u73b0\u6709\u5b98\u50da\u7cfb\u7edf\u6210\u4e86\u6280\u672f\u3001\u6587\u5316\u8fdb\u6b65\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u5236\u52a8\u9600\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u4e8b\u5b9e\u957f\u671f\u8eb2\u5728\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u5e55\u5e03\u540e\u9762\uff1a\u8fd120\u5e74\u82cf\u8054\u5fd9\u4e8e\u501f\u9274\u3001\u6d88\u5316\u5148\u8fdb\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u6280\u672f\u4e0e\u751f\u4ea7\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u6700\u65b0\u6210\u679c\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6a21\u4eff\u3001\u5f15\u8fdb\u7684\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u4ee5\u5404\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0e\u5b98\u50da\u7684\u523b\u677f\u6c14\u8d28\u2014\u2014\u5bf9\u57fa\u5c42\u521b\u610f\u4e0e\u5021\u8bae\u7684\u7a92\u606f\u503e\u5411\u2014\u2014\u5171\u5b58\u5e76\u5f7c\u6b64\u7ed3\u5408\u3002\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u5c42\u6b21\u8d8a\u9ad8\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u8981\u6c42\u8d8a\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u5b98\u50da\u72ec\u65ad\u884d\u751f\u7684\u963b\u788d\u8d8a\u4e0d\u53ef\u5fcd\u53d7\u3002\u4e24\u8005\u7684\u7ecf\u5e38\u6469\u64e6\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u653f\u6cbb\u8fd0\u8f6c\u7684\u75c9\u631b\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u8feb\u4f7f\u66b4\u529b\u673a\u5668\u6709\u7cfb\u7edf\u6e05\u9664\u5404\u751f\u4ea7\u90e8\u95e8\u6700\u5177\u521b\u9020\u6027\u7684\u4eba\u4e3a\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u5929\u957f\u65e5\u4e45\uff0c\u8001\u7237\u4eec\u5f7b\u5e95\u53d8\u8eab\u300c\u7edf\u6cbb\u9636\u7ea7\u300d\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u4fbf\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u53d1\u5c55\u5904\u4e8e\u9488\u5c16\u5bf9\u9ea6\u8292\u7684\u654c\u89c6\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u4e00\u5207\u7d0a\u4e71\u5728\u4e8e\u4eca\u65e5\u7684\u82cf\u8054\u5b98\u50da\u5e76\u4e0d\u4ee3\u8868\u4e0e\u81ea\u8eab\u6709\u673a\u76f8\u8fde\u3001\u5f7c\u6b64\u4eb2\u5bc6\u65e0\u95f4\u7684\u65b0\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5de5\u4eba\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u5bc4\u751f\u8005\u3002<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\">\u5b98\u50da\u7684\u5f3a\u5927\u4e0e\u8986\u706d\uff1a\u539f\u7531\u4f55\u5728<\/h3>\n<p>\u514b\u91cc\u59c6\u6797\u5bab\u7684\u4e3b\u4eba\u5177\u5907\u65e7\u7edf\u6cbb\u9636\u7ea7\u7684\u8bf8\u822c\u6076\u4e60\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0e\u540e\u8005\u66fe\u6709\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u4f7f\u547d\u65e0\u7f18\u3002\u82cf\u8054\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u8715\u5316\uff0c\u5e76\u975e\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u8fc7\u6e21\u901a\u5e38\u89c4\u5f8b\u7684\u53cd\u6620\uff1a\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u89c4\u5f8b\u7531\u4e8e\u82cf\u7ef4\u57c3\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u843d\u540e\u6027\u4ee5\u53ca\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u5305\u56f4<a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marxists.org\/chinese\/trotsky\/1940book\/02.htm#_ftn12\" name=\"_ftnref12\">[12]<\/a>\uff0c\u6b63\u906d\u53d7\u6682\u65f6\uff08\u6216\u66f0\u4f8b\u5916\uff09\u7684\u632b\u6298\u3002\u6d88\u8d39\u54c1\u7684\u77ed\u7f3a\u53ca\u5168\u6c11\u62a2\u8d2d\uff0c\u4f7f\u300c\u793e\u4f1a\u5baa\u5175\u300d\u5f97\u4ee5\u51fa\u73b0\u3002\u300c\u5baa\u5175\u300d\u624b\u63e1\u5206\u914d\u5927\u6743\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u5916\u90e8\u56f4\u653b\u800c\u83b7\u5f97\u300c\u56fd\u5bb6\u536b\u58eb\u300d\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u89d2\u8272\uff1b\u4ed6\u4eab\u6709\u4e0d\u53ef\u52a8\u6447\u7684\u6743\u5a01<a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marxists.org\/chinese\/trotsky\/1940book\/02.htm#_ftn13\" name=\"_ftnref13\">[13]<\/a>\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u56fd\u5bb6\u8fdb\u884c\u53cc\u6599\u63a0\u593a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e24\u4e2a\u539f\u56e0\u2014\u2014\u56fd\u5185\u7684\u843d\u540e\u4e0e\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u56f4\u56f0\u2014\u2014\u8ba9\u4e13\u5236\u5b98\u50da\u5982\u9c7c\u5f97\u6c34\uff1b\u4f46\u5728\u56fd\u9645\u9769\u547d\u7684\u80dc\u5229\u8fdc\u666f\u7167\u8000\u4e0b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56e0\u7d20\u5e26\u6709\u4e34\u65f6\u548c\u8fc7\u6e21\u6027\u3002\u4ee5\u590d\u6742\u6362\u7b97\u7684\u624b\u6bb5\u8fdb\u884c\u63a8\u6f14\uff0c\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u5b66\u8005\u627f\u8ba4\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8ba1\u5212\u80fd\u8ba9\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u6c11\u6536\u5165\u5feb\u901f\u589e\u52a0\u4e24\u767e\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\/\u5e74\u3002\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u6539\u9020\u65e2\u53ef\u6ee1\u8db3\u5168\u4f53\u6c11\u4f17\u7684\u8d77\u7801\u9700\u8981\uff0c\u8fd8\u80fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u8212\u9002\u3002\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u56fd\u9645\u9769\u547d\u4f1a\u7ec8\u7ed3\u5b98\u50da\u4e13\u65ad\u8d8b\u52bf\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u4e3b\u56e0\u2014\u2014\u5916\u90e8\u5a01\u80c1\u3002\u539f\u672c\u6d88\u8017\u4e8e\u519b\u4e8b\u9886\u57df\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u5f00\u652f\uff0c\u8f6c\u800c\u7528\u6765\u63d0\u5347\u7fa4\u4f17\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u5316\u6c34\u5e73\u3002\u53cc\u7ba1\u9f50\u4e0b\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u300c\u5baa\u5175\u300d\u2014\u2014\u793e\u4f1a\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u5206\u914d\u8005\u2014\u2014\u81ea\u7136\u4e27\u5931\u4e86\u5b58\u5728\u4ef7\u503c\u3002\u81f3\u4e8e\u82cf\u7ef4\u57c3\u653f\u6743\uff0c\u5b83\u4f1a\u88ab\u666e\u904d\u6027\u5408\u4f5c\u516c\u793e\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u53d6\u4ee3\u3002\u4e0a\u8ff0\u5386\u53f2\u8fdb\u6b65\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u90a3\u4e2a\u9634\u90c1\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u5047\u8bf4\u2014\u2014\u5939\u5728\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e0e\u65e0\u9636\u7ea7\u793e\u4f1a\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u65b0\u5265\u524a\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ca\u7edf\u6cbb\u9636\u7ea7\u7684\u524d\u9014\u2014\u2014\u5c06\u65e0\u4efb\u4f55\u4f4d\u7f6e\u53ef\u8a00\u3002<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\">\u5047\u5982\u793e\u4f1a\u9769\u547d\u906d\u9047\u5931\u8d25\uff1f<\/h3>\n<p>\u65f6\u81f3\u4eca\u65e5\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u74e6\u89e3\u4e0e\u6709\u4ea7\u8005\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u7834\u4ea7\u5df2\u8fbe\u6781\u9650\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u7167\u65e7\u5b58\u5728\u4e0b\u53bb\u3002\u751f\u4ea7\u529b\u5fc5\u987b\u6709\u8ba1\u5212\u5730\u88ab\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u4f46\u8c01\u6765\u62c5\u5f53\u4e3b\u89d2\uff1a\u65e0\u4ea7\u8005\u6216\u662f\u5927\u5c0f\u300c\u9886\u5bfc\u300d\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u65b0\u9636\u7ea7\uff1a\u653f\u5ba2\u3001\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u4e0e\u9ad8\u7ea7\u6280\u672f\u4eba\u5458\uff1f\u5938\u5938\u5176\u8c08\u8005\u58f0\u79f0\u5386\u53f2\u7ecf\u9a8c\u8bc1\u660e\u65e0\u4ea7\u8005\u6311\u4e0d\u8d77\u8fd9\u4ed8\u62c5\u5b50\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u8bf4\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5b58\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u9769\u547d\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u524d\u63d0\uff0c\u65e0\u4ea7\u8005\u300c\u6ca1\u80fd\u300d\u963b\u6b62\u4e0a\u6b21\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u6218\u4e89\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u8bf4\uff0c\u65e0\u4ea7\u8005\u300c\u6ca1\u80fd\u300d\u628a\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u793e\u4f1a\u5f15\u51fa\u6b7b\u80e1\u540c\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u6218\u540e\u7684\u6cd5\u897f\u65af\u4e3b\u4e49\u72c2\u6f6e\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u8bf4\uff0c\u65e0\u4ea7\u8005\u300c\u6ca1\u80fd\u300d\u63a5\u624b\u793e\u4f1a\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u4f7f\u82cf\u8054\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u5b98\u50da\u72ec\u65ad\u7684\u4e50\u571f\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u65e0\u4ea7\u8005\u773c\u7741\u7741\u770b\u7740\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u9769\u547d\u88ab\u6cd5\u897f\u65af\u9635\u8425\u548c\u65af\u5927\u6797\u56e2\u4f19\u8054\u624b\u7a92\u606f\uff0c\u5374\u9ed8\u4e0d\u542d\u58f0\u3002\u6700\u540e\u4ed6\u4eec\u8bf4\uff0c\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u6b63\u55a7\u95f9\u5730\u7b79\u5907\u65b0\u7684\u51b3\u6597\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u65e0\u4ea7\u8005\u6beb\u65e0\u53cd\u6297\u3002\u5047\u5982\u63a5\u53d7\u4e0a\u8ff0\u653f\u6cbb\u603b\u6e05\u7b97\uff08\u5de5\u4eba\u9636\u7ea7\u65e0\u529b\u5b8c\u6210\u793e\u4f1a\u9769\u547d\uff09\uff0c\u5f88\u660e\u663e\uff0c\u751f\u4ea7\u529b\u7684\u4ece\u901f\u793e\u4f1a\u5316\u5fc5\u5b9a\u7531\u5176\u5b83\u9636\u7ea7\u5b8c\u6210\u3002\u8c01\u5462\uff1f\u5228\u6839\u7a76\u5e95\u7684\u5de6\u7ffc\u6279\u8bc4\u8005\u7b54\u9053\uff1a\u53d6\u4ee3\u8150\u673d\u6709\u4ea7\u8005\u7684\u5b98\u50da\u65b0\u9510\uff0c\u4ea6\u5373\u4e16\u754c\u8303\u56f4\u7684\u672a\u6765\u7edf\u6cbb\u9636\u7ea7<a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marxists.org\/chinese\/trotsky\/1940book\/02.htm#_ftn14\" name=\"_ftnref14\">[14]<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\">\u56fd\u9645\u6218\u4e89\u4e0e\u4e16\u754c\u524d\u9014<\/h3>\n<p>\u4e16\u754c\u5411\u4f55\u5904\u53bb\uff1f\u6025\u53d8\u7684\u65f6\u5c40\u559d\u95ee\u6211\u4eec\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u5927\u6218\u5df2\u4e3a\u7978\u4eba\u95f4\u3002\u6218\u4e89\u672c\u8eab\u4e0d\u53ef\u52a8\u6447\u5730\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u73b0\u6709\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u65e0\u6cd5\u539f\u6837\u751f\u5b58\u3002\u6218\u4e89\u5bf9\u65e0\u4ea7\u8005\u5f00\u59cb\u4e86\u65b0\u4e00\u8f6e\u2014\u2014\u6216\u8bb8\u51b3\u5b9a\u6027\u7684\u2014\u2014\u8003\u9a8c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5047\u5982\u65b0\u7684\u6218\u4e89\u2014\u2014\u5982\u6211\u4eec\u575a\u4fe1\u7684\u90a3\u6837\u2014\u2014\u5f15\u7206\u65b0\u4e00\u6ce2\u793e\u4f1a\u9769\u547d\uff0c\u5b83\u5c06\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u5730\u6d88\u706d\u83ab\u65af\u79d1\u7684\u4e13\u5236\u653f\u6743\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u65b0\u7684\uff08\u6bd41918\u5e74\u9ad8\u5f97\u591a\u7684\uff09\u5de5\u4e1a\u4e0e\u6587\u5316\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u590d\u5174\u5de5\u4eba\u6c11\u4e3b\u3002\u7be1\u6743\u5b98\u50da\u662f\u5426\u300c\u4e5f\u662f\u9636\u7ea7\u300d\u7684\u60ac\u7591\uff0c\u8ddf\u7740\u5c18\u57c3\u843d\u5730\uff1a\u65b0\u7684\u9769\u547d\u7a81\u7834\u8bc1\u5b9e\u4e86\u5b98\u50da\u8715\u53d8\u4ec5\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u8fc7\u6e21\u7684\u4e00\u6b21\u5076\u53d1\u75c7<a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marxists.org\/chinese\/trotsky\/1940book\/02.htm#_ftn15\" name=\"_ftnref15\">[15]<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5047\u5982\u6218\u4e89\u4ee5\u65e0\u4ea7\u8005\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u8870\u9000\u544a\u7ec8\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u53ea\u5269\u4e00\u4e2a\u524d\u9014\uff1a\u5784\u65ad\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u6301\u7eed\u8150\u673d\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0e\u56fd\u5bb6\u673a\u5668\u7684\u7a7a\u524d\u878d\u5408\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ee3\u8bae\u6c11\u4e3b\u2014\u2014\u5728\u5b83\u8fd8\u5e78\u5b58\u7684\u5730\u533a\u2014\u2014\u8ba9\u6781\u6743\u4e13\u5236\u53d6\u4ee3\u7684\u524d\u9014\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e07\u4e00\u65e0\u4ea7\u8005\u4e0d\u80fd\u628a\u63e1\u7ba1\u7406\u793e\u4f1a\u751f\u4ea7\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u6743\uff0c\u800c\u8ba9\u4e16\u754c\u7ee7\u7eed\u6323\u624e\u4e8e\u8150\u70c2\u6ce5\u6f6d\u91cc\uff0c\u82cf\u5f0f\u4e0e\u7eb3\u7cb9\u5b98\u50da\u4e13\u5236\u7684\u7efc\u5408\u88c2\u53d8\u6216\u8bb8\u5c06\u8bde\u751f\u65b0\u7684\u5265\u524a\u9636\u7ea7\u3002\u8fd9\u4f1a\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8870\u8d25\u3001\u6807\u5fd7\u6587\u660e\u672b\u65e5\u7684\u5265\u524a\u5236\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5047\u5982\u8d77\u4e49\u80dc\u5229\u540e\u7684\u6b27\u7f8e\u65e0\u4ea7\u8005\u2014\u2014\u6b65\u4fc4\u56fd\u5de5\u4eba\u540e\u5c18\u2014\u2014\u65e0\u529b\u7ef4\u6301\u793e\u4f1a\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u800c\u5c48\u670d\u4e8e\u7279\u6743\u5b98\u5458\uff0c\u4e0a\u8ff0\u524d\u9014\u4e5f\u4f1a\u4ee5\u7c7b\u4f3c\u5f62\u6001\u964d\u4e34\u4eba\u95f4\u3002\u90a3\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u5f97\u627f\u8ba4\u5de5\u4eba\u56fd\u5bb6\u5b98\u50da\u7be1\u6743\u7684\u6839\u672c\u75c5\u56e0\u4e0d\u662f\u6587\u5316\u843d\u540e\u4e0e\u5916\u90e8\u5305\u56f4\uff0c\u800c\u6765\u81ea\u59a8\u788d\u65e0\u4ea7\u8005\u8dc3\u5c45\u7edf\u6cbb\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u9636\u7ea7\u300c\u5929\u9609\u300d\u75c7<a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marxists.org\/chinese\/trotsky\/1940book\/02.htm#_ftn16\" name=\"_ftnref16\">[16]<\/a>\u3002\u90a3\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u56de\u987e\u5f0f\u5730\u627f\u8ba4\uff1a\u4eca\u65e5\u82cf\u8054\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7279\u5f81\u662f\u65b0\u578b\u56fd\u9645\u5265\u524a\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u524d\u5146\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u884c\u6587\u81f3\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5df2\u4ece\u82cf\u8054\u56fd\u5bb6\u6027\u8d28\u7684\u5b57\u773c\u4e89\u6267\u504f\u79bb\u5f88\u8fdc\u3002\u4f46\u6279\u8bc4\u8005\u4e0d\u5fc5\u6025\u4e8e\u6297\u8bae\uff1a\u53ea\u6709\u62c9\u5f00\u4e00\u5b9a\u5386\u53f2\u8ddd\u79bb\uff0c\u624d\u53ef\u6df1\u5165\u5256\u6790\u793e\u4f1a\u5236\u5ea6\u66f4\u8fed\u7684\u91cd\u5927\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002\u5f7b\u5e95\u6df1\u601d\u719f\u8651\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u6289\u62e9\u5927\u81f4\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a\u8981\u4e48\u82cf\u8054\u73b0\u4f53\u5236\u662f\u6709\u4ea7\u793e\u4f1a\u5411\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u8fc7\u6e21\u7684\u5076\u53d1\u75c7\uff08\u5f53\u7136\u6781\u5176\u53ef\u618e\uff09\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u5b83\u662f\u65b0\u5265\u524a\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u521d\u7ea7\u9636\u6bb5\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u63a8\u6d4b\u66f4\u5408\u7406\uff0c\u5b98\u50da\u5c42\u81ea\u7136\u4f1a\u5411\u65b0\u5265\u524a\u9636\u7ea7\u6f14\u5316\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u524d\u666f\u56fa\u7136\u51b7\u5f97\u53ef\u6015\uff0c\u4f46\u5982\u82e5\u65e0\u4ea7\u8005\u771f\u5730\u4e0d\u80fd\u62c5\u8d1f\u8d77\u793e\u4f1a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8d4b\u4e88\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4f7f\u547d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u5f97\u516c\u5f00\u627f\u8ba4\uff1a\u5efa\u57fa\u4e8e\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u5185\u90e8\u77db\u76fe\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u9769\u547d\u7eb2\u9886\u6210\u4e86\u6c34\u6708\u955c\u82b1\u3002\u5b98\u50da\u6781\u6743\u94c1\u8e44\u4e0b\u7684\u5974\u96b6\u5927\u4f17\u9700\u8981\u8fd4\u56de\u4ee5\u6c11\u4e3b\u6539\u826f\u4e3a\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u300c\u6700\u4f4e\u7eb2\u9886\u300d\uff0c\u5c3d\u91cf\u4fdd\u536b\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u65e5\u5e38\u5229\u76ca\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u4e0d\u53ef\u52a8\u6447\u6216\u4e0d\u53ef\u9a73\u65a5\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\uff0c\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u88ab\u8feb\u653e\u5f03\u793e\u4f1a\u9769\u547d\u7684\u524d\u666f\uff1f\u8fd9\u662f\u5173\u952e\u6240\u5728\u3002<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\">\u300c\u5b98\u50da\u96c6\u4f53\u4e3b\u4e49\u300d\u7406\u8bba<\/h3>\n<p>\u7eb3\u7cb9\u4e0a\u53f0\u540e\uff0c\u5fb7\u56fd\u300c\u5de6\u7ffc\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u300d\u53e4\u00b7\u4e4c\u5c14\u5e2e\u65af\u5ba3\u5e03\u73b0\u5b58\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u7cfb\u7edf\u5373\u5c06\u8ba9\u4f4d\u7ed9\u300c\u56fd\u5bb6\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u300d\u7684\u65b0\u7eaa\u5143\u3002\u6309\u7167\u4e4c\u540c\u5fd7\u7684\u903b\u8f91\uff0c\u65b0\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u9996\u6279\u6837\u677f\u662f\u610f\u5927\u5229\u3001\u82cf\u8054\u4e0e\u5fb7\u56fd\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u4e4c\u540c\u5fd7\u5e76\u672a\u5f97\u51fa\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u7ed3\u8bba\u3002\u4e0d\u4e45\u524d\uff0c\u610f\u5927\u5229\u300c\u5de6\u7ffc\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u300d\u5e03\u9c81\u8bfa\uff08\u539f\u7b2c\u56db\u56fd\u9645\u6210\u5458\uff09\u63d0\u51fa\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u4f1a\u88ab\u300c\u5b98\u50da\u96c6\u4f53\u4e3b\u4e49\u300d\u53d6\u4ee3<a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marxists.org\/chinese\/trotsky\/1940book\/02.htm#_ftn17\" name=\"_ftnref17\">[17]<\/a>\u2014\u2014\u82cf\u8054\u7b49\u56fd\u7684\u65b0\u5b98\u50da\u5c42\u662f\u72ec\u7acb\u9636\u7ea7\uff0c\u5b98\u50da\u5bf9\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u8fdb\u884c\u96c6\u4f53\u5265\u524a\uff0c\u65e0\u4ea7\u8005\u5df2\u6ca6\u4e3a\u6781\u6743\u5265\u524a\u8005\u7684\u5974\u96b6\uff0c\u8bf8\u5982\u6b64\u7c7b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u63a8\u8bba\u91cc\uff0c\u5e03\u540c\u5fd7\u628a\u82cf\u5f0f\u8ba1\u5212\u7ecf\u6d4e\u3001\u7eb3\u7cb9\u4e0e\u58a8\u7d22\u91cc\u5c3c\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u5e72\u9884\u4ee5\u53ca\u7f8e\u56fd\u300c\u65b0\u653f\u300d\u6df7\u4e3a\u4e00\u8c08\u3002\u8bda\u7136\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6a21\u5f0f\u786e\u6709\u5171\u901a\u4e4b\u5904\uff1b\u5f52\u6839\u5230\u5e95\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u90fd\u53cd\u5e94\u4e86\u73b0\u4ee3\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u96c6\u4f53\u534f\u4f5c\u8d8b\u52bf\u3002\u5341\u6708\u9769\u547d\u524d\uff0c\u5217\u5b81\u66fe\u5f52\u7eb3\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u9636\u6bb5\u7684\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u57fa\u672c\u7279\u70b9\uff1a\u751f\u4ea7\u529b\u6781\u5927\u96c6\u4e2d\uff1b\u5784\u65ad\u8d44\u672c\u4e0e\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u878d\u5408\uff1b\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7c7b\u4f3c\u878d\u5408\u7684\u540e\u679c\uff0c\u8d44\u672c\u4ea7\u751f\u5bf9\u653f\u6cbb\u72ec\u88c1\u7684\u5929\u7136\u503e\u5411\u3002\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e2d\u592e\u5316\u548c\u52a0\u5f3a\u96c6\u4f53\u534f\u8c03\u7b49\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u65e2\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u9769\u547d\u653f\u6743\u7684\u5de5\u4e1a\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u4e5f\u8ba9\u53cd\u9769\u547d\u653f\u6743\u6709\u6240\u8003\u8651\uff1b\u8fd9\u6beb\u4e0d\u610f\u5473\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u6cd5\u897f\u65af\u96c6\u6743\u3001\u82cf\u8054\u5b98\u50da\u8715\u53d8\u548c\u7f8e\u5f0f\u6539\u826f\u5212\u4e0a\u7b49\u53f7\u3002\u5e03\u540c\u5fd7\u6355\u6349\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff1a\u7531\u4e8e\u65e0\u4ea7\u8005\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u88ab\u52a8\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u96c6\u4e2d\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u8d8b\u52bf\u91c7\u53d6\u4e86\u300c\u5b98\u50da\u4e3b\u5bfc\u7684\u96c6\u4f53\u534f\u8c03\u300d<a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marxists.org\/chinese\/trotsky\/1940book\/02.htm#_ftn18\" name=\"_ftnref18\">[18]<\/a>\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e8b\u5b9e\u65e0\u53ef\u4e89\u8bae\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u7684\u6781\u9650\u4e0e\u5386\u53f2\u5206\u91cf\u4f55\u5728\uff1f\u5bf9\u7b2c\u56db\u56fd\u9645\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8bf8\u8981\u7d20\u7684\u5931\u8861\u4e92\u52a8\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u8fc7\u6e21\u793e\u4f1a\u4e8e\u73b0\u9636\u6bb5\u51fa\u73b0\u53d8\u5f02\uff0c\u4ec5\u6b64\u800c\u5df2\uff1b\u5bf9\u5e03\u540c\u5fd7\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5f62\u6001\uff0c\u5b98\u50da\u5219\u5145\u5f53\u4e86\u7edf\u6cbb\u9636\u7ea7\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u600e\u6837\uff0c\u5e03\u540c\u5fd7\u8bd5\u56fe\u628a\u8bba\u6218\u4ece\u73a9\u5f04\u5b57\u773c\u7684\u5c42\u6b21\u8f6c\u5165\u5b8f\u89c2\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u8d70\u5411\u63a2\u8ba8\u3002\u53ef\u60dc\uff0c\u8fd9\u53cd\u5012\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u63ed\u793a\u4ed6\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u6240\u5728\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0e\u4f17\u591a\u6781\u5de6\u6d3e\u76f8\u4f3c\uff0c\u5e03\u9c81\u8bfa\u9aa8\u5b50\u91cc\u89c6\u82cf\u8054\u5b98\u50da\u4f53\u5236\u4e0e\u6cd5\u897f\u65af\u72ec\u88c1\u4e3a\u4e00\u5bb6\u5144\u5f1f\u2014\u2014\u83ab\u65af\u79d1\u501f\u9274\u4e86\u7eb3\u7cb9\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u6050\u6016\u624b\u6bb5\uff1b\u6cd5\u897f\u65af\u5b98\u50da\u6682\u4e14\u6ee1\u8db3\u4e8e\u300c\u6709\u4fdd\u7559\u300d\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u8c03\u63a7\uff0c\u4f46\u6b63\u8d70\u5411\u5e76\u5f88\u5feb\u4f1a\u5b9e\u73b0\u751f\u4ea7\u8d44\u6599\u7684\u5f7b\u5e95\u56fd\u6709\u5316\u3002\u524d\u4e00\u4e2a\u5224\u65ad\u65e0\u53ef\u7f6e\u7591\uff1b\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5224\u65ad\u9519\u4ee5\u4e3a\u7eb3\u7cb9\u7684\u300c\u53cd\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u300d\u86ca\u60d1\u7b49\u4e8e\u5265\u593a\u5927\u6709\u4ea7\u8005\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u300c\u6709\u4fdd\u7559\u300d\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8c03\u8282\u4e5f\u597d\uff0c\u300c\u6709\u4fdd\u7559\u300d\u7684\u56fd\u6709\u5316\u4e5f\u597d\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4e0e\u56fd\u6709\u8ba1\u5212\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u533a\u522b\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u6539\u826f\u4e0e\u9769\u547d\u7684\u533a\u522b\u3002\u58a8\u7d22\u91cc\u5c3c\u548c\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u626e\u6f14\u7740\u6709\u4ea7\u5229\u76ca\u300c\u534f\u8c03\u5458\u300d\u7684\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u5c40\u9650\u4e8e\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u300c\u8c03\u8282\u300d\u63aa\u65bd\u4e14\u4ee5\u519b\u5de5\u9886\u57df\u4e3a\u4e3b\u3002\u514b\u91cc\u59c6\u6797\u5bab\u662f\u53e6\u4e00\u756a\u666f\u8c61\uff1a\u7531\u4e8e\u2014\u2014\u5e76\u4ec5\u7531\u4e8e\u2014\u2014\u4fc4\u56fd\u5de5\u4eba\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u53f2\u4e0a\u6700\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u8d22\u4ea7\u5173\u7cfb\u53d8\u9769\uff0c\u65af\u5927\u6797\u53ca\u540c\u9053\u6709\u673a\u4f1a\u9886\u5bfc\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4f53\u3002\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e00\u6df1\u8fdc\u533a\u522b\uff0c\u7edd\u65e0\u7406\u7531\u89c6\u800c\u4e0d\u89c1\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9000\u4e00\u6b65\u8bb2\uff0c\u5373\u4fbf\u82cf\u4fc4\u4e0e\u5fb7\u56fd\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u6267\u653f\u56e2\u6b8a\u9014\u540c\u5f52\uff0c\u6f14\u53d8\u6210\u540c\u7c7b\u7684\u5265\u524a\u793e\u4f1a\uff08\u6216\u66f0\u300c\u5b98\u50da\u96c6\u4f53\u4e3b\u4e49\u300d\u793e\u4f1a\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0d\u80fd\u5f15\u5bfc\u4eba\u7c7b\u8d70\u51fa\u4eca\u65e5\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u56f0\u5883\u3002\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u5371\u673a\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5168\u6765\u81ea\u79c1\u6709\u4ea7\u6743\u7684\u53cd\u52a8\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u8fd8\u6765\u81ea\u540c\u6837\u8fc7\u65f6\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u675f\u7f1a\u3002\u5373\u4fbf\u4e00\u6279\u6cd5\u897f\u65af\u653f\u5e9c\u5206\u5934\u63a8\u884c\u4e86\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5355\u72ec\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7cfb\u7edf\u65e0\u6cd5\u300c\u81ea\u52a8\u5220\u9664\u300d\u65e0\u4ea7\u8005\u7684\u9769\u547d\u8fd0\u52a8\uff08\u8fd9\u4e0d\u4ee5\u4efb\u4f55\u8ba1\u5212\u7684\u610f\u5fd7\u4e3a\u8f6c\u79fb\uff09\uff1b\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u5404\u6781\u6743\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u4e89\u9738\u6218\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5ef6\u7eed\u4e43\u81f3\u6fc0\u5316\u3002\u6301\u7eed\u7684\u5927\u6218\u4f1a\u541e\u566c\u8ba1\u5212\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u9644\u52a0\u6210\u679c\uff0c\u5e76\u6467\u6bc1\u73b0\u4ee3\u6587\u660e\u7684\u6839\u57fa\u3002\u5728\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u67b6\u7a7a\u4f5c\u54c1\u91cc\uff0c\u4f5c\u5bb6\u7f57\u7d20\u4f30\u8ba1\u67d0\u65b9\u80dc\u5229\u8005\u4f1a\u4ee5\u6781\u6743\u94c1\u638c\u7684\u538b\u8feb\u4e00\u7edf\u5168\u7403\uff1b\u5373\u4fbf\u5982\u6b64\uff08\u8fd9\u5f88\u53ef\u7591\uff09\uff0c\u6b66\u529b\u7ef4\u7cfb\u7684\u300c\u5927\u4e00\u7edf\u300d\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6bd4\u51e1\u5c14\u8d5b\u6761\u7ea6\u786e\u4fdd\u7684\u548c\u5e73\u66f4\u7a33\u56fa\u3002\u9891\u4ecd\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u8d77\u4e49\u4e0e\u6d41\u8840\u9547\u538b\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u65b0\u7684\u4e89\u6218\uff0c\u7167\u6837\u4f7f\u6587\u660e\u5760\u5165\u5893\u5730\u7684\u575f\u5751\u3002\u5ba2\u89c2\u73b0\u5b9e\u2014\u2014\u800c\u975e\u4e3b\u89c2\u610f\u613f\u2014\u2014\u8b66\u793a\u6211\u4eec\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u56fd\u9645\u6027\u793e\u4f1a\u9769\u547d\u80fd\u5e26\u9886\u4eba\u7c7b\u51b2\u51fa\u6b7b\u4ea1\u8c37\uff1b\u5426\u5219\uff0c\u4eba\u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style=\"text-align: center;\">\u6781\u6743\u72ec\u88c1\u2014\u2014\u5c16\u9510\u5371\u673a\u4e0b\u7684\u4e34\u65f6\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u7a33\u5b9a\u4f53\u5236<\/h3>\n<p>\u5341\u6708\u9769\u547d\u4e0d\u662f\u649e\u5927\u8fd0\u7684\u5076\u7136\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002\u5b83\u88ab\u9884\u8a00\u5f88\u4e45\uff0c\u800c\u4e8b\u53d8\u8bc1\u5b9e\u4e86\u9884\u8a00\uff1b\u6076\u540f\u4e13\u6743\u7684\u73b0\u72b6\u4e5f\u65e0\u6cd5\u4e00\u7b14\u52fe\u9500\u90a3\u4e9b\u9884\u8a00\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u4ece\u672a\u8bbe\u60f3\u8fc7\u5b64\u7acb\u7684\u5de5\u4eba\u56fd\u5bb6\u80fd\u957f\u4e45\u652f\u6491\u3002\u9886\u5bfc\u5341\u6708\u9769\u547d\u4e4b\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6210\u5929\u62c5\u5fc3\u5de5\u4eba\u56fd\u5bb6\u4f1a\u7acb\u5373\u906d\u5230\u627c\u6740\uff0c\u5f88\u5c11\u8003\u8651\u9065\u8fdc\u7684\u8715\u5316\u5a01\u80c1\uff1b\u66f4\u51c6\u786e\u5730\u8bf4\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e76\u672a\u5272\u88c2\u5730\u770b\u5f85\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u53ef\u80fd\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5f7c\u6b64\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u4e0d\u53ef\u6297\u62d2\u7684\u77db\u76fe\uff1a\u5b98\u50da\u8715\u5316\u81f3\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u5730\u8f6c\u5411\u516c\u5f00\u590d\u8f9f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7a76\u5176\u672c\u8d28\uff0c\u82cf\u5f0f\u6216\u5fb7\u5f0f\u6781\u6743\u7edf\u6cbb\u53ea\u662f\u8fc7\u6e21\u4f53\u5236\u3002\u603b\u7684\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u7684\u516c\u5f00\u72ec\u88c1\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u6e90\u5934\u2014\u2014\u7a7a\u524d\u4e25\u9177\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5371\u673a<a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marxists.org\/chinese\/trotsky\/1940book\/02.htm#_ftn19\" name=\"_ftnref19\">[19]<\/a>\u3002\u5c16\u9510\u5230\u6781\u70b9\u7684\u5371\u673a\u4e0d\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u5e38\u6001\u3002\u4e00\u5b9a\u65f6\u671f\u5185\uff0c\u6781\u6743\u624b\u8155\u53ef\u4ee5\u538b\u670d\u793e\u4f1a\u77db\u76fe\uff0c\u4f46\u65e0\u529b\u6c38\u8fdc\u4fdd\u6301\u81ea\u8eab\u7edf\u6cbb\u3002\u82cf\u8054\u793e\u4f1a\u53d1\u81ea\u5185\u5fc3\u5730\u5e0c\u671b\u629b\u5f00\u538b\u8feb\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5b98\u8001\u7237\uff0c\u4e0d\u4e45\u524d\u7684\u5927\u6e05\u6d17\u5373\u4e3a\u6700\u597d\u8bc1\u660e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8bf4\u5230\u6e05\u6d17\uff0c\u5e03\u9c81\u8bfa\u4ece\u4e2d\u7aa5\u63a2\u5230\u5b98\u50da\u6f14\u53d8\u4e3a\u9636\u7ea7\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\uff0c\u636e\u8bf4\u53ea\u6709\u7edf\u6cbb\u9636\u7ea7\u80fd\u5982\u6b64\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5730\u5b9e\u65bd\u6050\u6016<a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marxists.org\/chinese\/trotsky\/1940book\/02.htm#_ftn20\" name=\"_ftnref20\">[20]<\/a>\u3002\u5e03\u540c\u5fd7\u5fd8\u4e86\uff0c\u5e1d\u4fc4\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u673a\u5668\u4e5f\u975e\u72ec\u7acb\u300c\u9636\u7ea7\u300d\uff0c\u5374\u5728\u706d\u4ea1\u524d\u591c\u53d1\u52a8\u8fc7\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u8feb\u5bb3\u3002\u83ab\u65af\u79d1\u653f\u6cbb\u6e05\u6d17\u6076\u9b54\u822c\u7684\u865a\u4f2a\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff0c\u53ea\u8bc1\u660e\u5be1\u5934\u96c6\u56e2\u65e0\u6cd5\u5e73\u7a33\u6f14\u53d8\u4e3a\u7edf\u6cbb\u9636\u7ea7\uff0c\u5e76\u662f\u5b83\u5782\u6b7b\u7684\u4fe1\u53f7\u3002\u6ce2\u62ff\u5df4\u5927\u5bb6\u957f\u968f\u65f6\u574d\u53f0\u4e4b\u9645\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u6025\u7740\u6388\u4e88\u660e\u65e5\u4ea1\u9b42\u300c\u72ec\u7acb\u9636\u7ea7\u300d\u7684\u540d\u5934\uff0c\u672a\u514d\u592a\u6ed1\u7a3d\u4e86\u5427\uff1f\u53ea\u6709\u6e05\u6670\u660e\u4e86\u5730\u6446\u51fa\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u672c\u8d28\uff0c\u80fd\u8ba9\u540c\u5fd7\u4eec\u6446\u8131\u65e0\u804a\u7684\u5b57\u773c\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e0e\u6d6e\u8e81\u7684\u603b\u7ed3\u9677\u9631\u3002<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\">\u4ee5\u56fd\u9645\u9769\u547d\u548c\u590d\u5174\u82cf\u8054\u4e3a\u57fa\u672c\u8def\u7ebf<\/h3>\n<p>\u60f3\u5b8c\u6210\u5bf9\u56fd\u9645\u65e0\u4ea7\u8005\u5148\u950b\u961f\u7684\u9769\u547d\u6027\u601d\u60f3\u6362\u88c5\uff0c\u4e8c\u5341\u4e94\u5e74\u592a\u77ed\uff1b\u60f3\u5728\u843d\u540e\u7684\u4fc4\u56fd\u4fdd\u6301\u5de5\u4eba\u6c11\u4e3b\uff0c\u4e8c\u5341\u4e94\u5e74\u592a\u957f\u3002\u4e3a\u6b64\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u5df2\u4ed8\u51fa\u4ee3\u4ef7\u2014\u2014\u65b0\u7684\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u6218\u4e89\uff0c\u800c\u65e0\u4ea7\u8005\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\u4efb\u52a1\u5c1a\u5f85\u5b8c\u6210\u3002\u4e8c\u5341\u4e94\u5e74\u91cc\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u5de5\u4eba\u9636\u7ea7\u7684\u4e00\u652f\u504f\u5e08\u66fe\u8bc1\u660e\u5982\u4f55\u7a81\u7834\u65e7\u7edf\u6cbb\u5821\u5792\u7684\u7f3a\u53e3\uff1b\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u6210\u529f\u5b9e\u8df5\uff0c\u662f\u672a\u6765\u80dc\u5229\u6781\u5b9d\u8d35\u7684\u8d22\u5bcc\u4e0e\u4fdd\u8bc1\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u65b0\u6218\u4e89\u628a\u65e0\u4ea7\u8005\u7684\u672a\u89e3\u96be\u9898\u653e\u5230\u66f4\u9ad8\u5386\u53f2\u9636\u6bb5\u7684\u5929\u5e73\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e88\u4ee5\u65e0\u60c5\u68c0\u9a8c\u3002\u6218\u4e89\u8840\u706b\u8003\u9a8c\u7740\u5404\u73b0\u5b58\u7edf\u6cbb\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u7a33\u56fa\uff0c\u4e5f\u5168\u9762\u6d4b\u8bd5\u65e0\u4ea7\u8005\u63a5\u7ba1\u4e0a\u5c42\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u5f53\u4eca\u65f6\u4ee3\u662f\u5426\u5c5e\u4e8e\u65e0\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u9769\u547d\u65f6\u4ee3\uff1f\u68c0\u9a8c\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u5c06\u8bf4\u660e\u4e00\u5207\u3002\u5047\u5982\u51fa\u4e4e\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u9884\u6599\uff0c\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u5730\u5e26\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u2014\u2014\u5728\u6218\u4e89\u671f\u95f4\u6216\u6218\u540e\u2014\u2014\u51fa\u73b0\u5341\u6708\u9769\u547d\u7684\u5ef6\u7eed\u8005\uff1b\u5047\u5982\u65e0\u4ea7\u8005\u5230\u5904\u5145\u5f53\u5c3e\u5df4\u89d2\u8272<a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marxists.org\/chinese\/trotsky\/1940book\/02.htm#_ftn21\" name=\"_ftnref21\">[21]<\/a>\uff1b\u5c31\u5f97\u76f4\u622a\u4e86\u5f53\u5730\u4fee\u6b63\u5f53\u4eca\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u6027\u8d28\uff0c\u91cd\u65b0\u5206\u6790\u5b83\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u52a8\u529b\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u4fee\u6b63\u4e0e\u4e71\u63d2\u6807\u7b7e\u65e0\u5173<a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marxists.org\/chinese\/trotsky\/1940book\/02.htm#_ftn22\" name=\"_ftnref22\">[22]<\/a>\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5bf9\u4eca\u540e\u6570\u5341\u5e74\u2014\u2014\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u662f\u6570\u767e\u5e74\u2014\u2014\u4e16\u754c\u524d\u666f\u505a\u51fa\u8bc4\u4ef7\uff1a\u4eba\u7c7b\u6b65\u5165\u4e86\u793e\u4f1a\u9769\u547d\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u5efa\u8bbe\u7684\u8fdc\u9014\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u8d70\u4e0a\u4e86\u6781\u6743\u4e13\u5236\u7684\u8870\u4ea1\u672b\u8def\uff1f<\/p>\n<p>\u8ff7\u4fe1\u7406\u8bba\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u6279\u8bc4\u8005\u72af\u4e86\u53cc\u91cd\u9519\u8bef\uff1a\u4ed6\u4eec\u614c\u5f20\u5931\u63aa\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e3a\u6781\u6743\u7684\u964d\u4e34\u4e0d\u53ef\u963b\u6321\uff1b\u540c\u65f6\u4ed6\u4eec\u9884\u8a00\u65b0\u578b\u4e13\u5236\u662f\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u957f\u671f\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u663e\u7136\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5df2\u6709\u6597\u4e89\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u79ef\u7d2f\u4ecd\u65e0\u6cd5\u8ba9\u56fd\u9645\u65e0\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u6210\u4e3a\u7edf\u6cbb\u8005\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u9769\u547d\u65e0\u4ece\u8c08\u8d77\uff1b\u4e0d\u80fd\u5e7b\u60f3\u4eca\u540e\u4f1a\u6709\u66f4\u4f18\u8d8a\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u9769\u547d\u524d\u63d0\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u6ca1\u4eba\u80fd\u5f52\u7eb3\u6216\u9884\u89c1\u5230\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c\u56db\u56fd\u9645\u7684\u56de\u7b54\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u6743\u5229\uff08\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u7b97\u5931\u671b\u4e0e\u75b2\u5026\u7684\u300c\u6743\u5229\u300d\uff09\u65ad\u5b9a\u65e0\u4ea7\u8005\u4e27\u5931\u4e86\u9769\u547d\u6f5c\u529b\uff0c\u66f4\u65e0\u6743\u529d\u544a\u540e\u8005\u653e\u5f03\u6210\u4e3a\u7edf\u6cbb\u9636\u7ea7\u3002\u793e\u4f1a\u9769\u547d\u662f\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e0e\u6587\u5316\u4f53\u7cfb\u6700\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u53d8\u9769\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e8c\u5341\u4e94\u5e74\u5386\u53f2\u6bd4\u4e00\u5c0f\u65f6\u7684\u751f\u547d\u66f4\u77ed\uff1b\u8c01\u4f1a\u7531\u4e8e\u4e00\u5c0f\u65f6\u7684\u4e0d\u987a\uff0c\u5c31\u80cc\u79bb\u81ea\u5df1\u4e00\u751f\u5b66\u4e60\u548c\u5b9e\u8df5\u8ffd\u6c42\u7684\u76ee\u6807\uff1f\u4e00\u4e5d\u96f6\u4e94\u9769\u547d\u5931\u8d25\u540e\u7684\u6c89\u95f7\u65f6\u671f (1907-1917)\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5c55\u671b\u4e00\u76f4\u628a\u4fc4\u56fd\u65e0\u4ea7\u8005\u663e\u793a\u7684\u60ca\u4eba\u80fd\u529b\u8ba1\u7b97\u5728\u5185\uff1b\u8eab\u5904\u4e16\u754c\u8303\u56f4\u7684\u53cd\u52a8\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5c55\u671b\u5e94\u628a\u5341\u6708\u9769\u547d\u4e2d\u65e0\u4ea7\u8005\u663e\u793a\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u8ba1\u7b97\u5728\u5185\u3002\u7b2c\u56db\u56fd\u9645\u4ee5\u4e16\u754c\u9769\u547d\u4e3a\u5df1\u4efb\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u9053\u8def\u4e0d\u4f1a\u968f\u610f\u6539\u53d8\uff1b\u7b2c\u56db\u56fd\u9645\u7684\u8def\u7ebf\uff0c\u4ecd\u662f\u56fd\u9645\u9769\u547d\u53ca\u590d\u5174\u82cf\u7ef4\u57c3\u7684\u8def\u7ebf\u3002<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\">\u5916\u4ea4\u662f\u5185\u653f\u7684\u5ef6\u7eed<\/h3>\n<p>\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u7b2c\u56db\u56fd\u9645\u4fdd\u536b\u82cf\u8054\u808c\u4f53\u7684\u54ea\u4e9b\u5143\u7d20\u5462\uff1f\u663e\u7136\u4e0d\u662f\u4e0e\u65e7\u4e16\u754c\u76f8\u8fd1\u7684\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u65b0\u751f\u547d\u7684\u840c\u82bd\u3002\u5728\u7eb3\u7cb9\u5fb7\u56fd\uff0c\u7b2c\u56db\u56fd\u9645\u4e3b\u5f20\u4ee5\u8d77\u4e49\u63a8\u7ffb\u6cd5\u897f\u65af\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u540c\u65f6\u98a0\u8986\u751f\u4ea7\u8d44\u6599\u7684\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u79c1\u6709\u5236\uff1b\u5728\u82cf\u8054\uff0c\u7838\u788e\u5b98\u50da\u4e13\u5236\u662f\u4fdd\u5b58\u56fd\u6709\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u3002\u4ece\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7acb\u573a\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4ee5\u4fdd\u536b\u82cf\u8054\u4e3a\u5df1\u4efb\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4fdd\u536b\u751f\u4ea7\u8d44\u6599\u56fd\u6709\u5236\u7684\u6218\u6597\u91cc\uff0c\u82cf\u8054\u5de5\u4eba\u65e2\u8981\u5411\u5bc4\u751f\u5b98\u50da\u5f00\u6218\uff0c\u4e5f\u5f97\u9632\u8303\u79c1\u6709\u5316\u7684\u6c11\u95f4\u503e\u5411\uff08\u6bd4\u5982\u96c6\u4f53\u519c\u5e84\u7684\u5bcc\u6237\uff09\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u5916\u4ea4\u662f\u5185\u653f\u7684\u5ef6\u7eed\uff0c\u65e2\u7136\u63a8\u7ffb\u5be1\u5934\u4e13\u5236\u5fc5\u987b\u4e0e\u4fdd\u536b\uff08\u5341\u6708\u9769\u547d\u8d62\u5f97\u7684\uff09\u56fd\u5185\u8fdb\u6b65\u76f8\u7ed3\u5408\uff0c\u56fd\u9645\u6597\u4e89\u4e2d\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u91c7\u53d6\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7acb\u573a\u3002\u4ece\u300c\u5b98\u50da\u96c6\u4f53\u4e3b\u4e49\u300d\u7406\u8bba\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u5de6\u7ffc\u6279\u8bc4\u8005\u5ba3\u79f0\u7eb3\u7cb9\u4e5f\u70ed\u8877\u4e8e\u751f\u4ea7\u8d44\u6599\u56fd\u6709\u5316\uff0c\u82cf\u8054\u7684\u56fd\u6709\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5e76\u65e0\u79c1\u6709\u5316\u4e4b\u865e\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u5047\u60f3\u6781\u4e3a\u8f7b\u6d6e\u3002\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u5bf9\u82cf\u8054\u7684\u5f81\u670d\uff0c\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5fb7\u8d44\u5c06\u6536\u56de\u9769\u547d\u540e\u635f\u5931\u7684\u5728\u4fc4\u4ea7\u4e1a\uff1b\u7eb3\u7cb9\u7684\u8bb8\u53ef\u4e0b\uff0c\u82f1\u3001\u6cd5\u548c\u6bd4\u5229\u65f6\u8d44\u672c\u4e5f\u5c06\u62a2\u56de\u539f\u5728\u4fc4\u4ea7\u4e1a\uff1b\u74dc\u5206\u82cf\u8054\u5de5\u4e1a\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u7eb3\u7cb9\u4f1a\u4e0e\u5404\u897f\u6b27\u6709\u4ea7\u5144\u5f1f\u8fbe\u6210\u653f\u6cbb\u4ea4\u6613\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u5fb7\u8d44\u2014\u2014\u82cf\u8054\u9aa8\u5e72\u56fd\u4f01\u7684\u672a\u6765\u5927\u80a1\u4e1c\u53ca\u98df\u5229\u8005\u2014\u2014\u4f1a\u4ee5\u4e1c\u65b9\u7684\u5229\u6da6\u5582\u517b\u672c\u571f\u519b\u4e8b\u673a\u5668\u3002\u4eca\u5929\u7eb3\u7cb9\u662f\u83ab\u65af\u79d1\u4e4b\u53cb\uff0c\u4f46\u53ea\u8981\u2014\u2014\u5728\u65af\u5927\u6797\u534f\u52a9\u4e0b\u2014\u2014\u53d6\u5f97\u897f\u7ebf\u7684\u80dc\u5229\uff0c\u5b83\u660e\u5929\u5c31\u6325\u5e08\u5411\u4e1c\u3002\u5f52\u6839\u5230\u5e95\uff0c\u7c7b\u4f3c\u5f62\u52bf\u4e0b\u82f1\u56fd\u8d44\u672c<a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marxists.org\/chinese\/trotsky\/1940book\/02.htm#_ftn23\" name=\"_ftnref23\">[23]<\/a>\u5c06\u9075\u5faa\u4e0e\u7eb3\u7cb9\u76f8\u8fd1\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u903b\u8f91\u3002<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\">\u4fdd\u536b\u82cf\u8054\u4e0e\u9636\u7ea7\u6597\u4e89<\/h3>\n<p>\u5bf9\u300c\u4fdd\u536b\u82cf\u8054\u300d\u7684\u8bf8\u591a\u8bef\u89e3\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u6765\u81ea\u5bf9\u300c\u4fdd\u536b\u300d\u624b\u6bb5\u7684\u8bef\u4f1a\u3002\u4fdd\u536b\u82cf\u8054\u4e0d\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4e0e\u83ab\u65af\u79d1\u5957\u8fd1\u4e4e\uff0c\u66ff\u540e\u8005\u2014\u2014\u6216\u5b83\u7684\u76df\u53cb\u2014\u2014\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u5531\u8d5e\u6b4c\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4ef6\u4e8b\uff08\u53ca\u5176\u5b83\u4e8b\u53d8\uff09\u4e0a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u575a\u6301\u56fd\u9645\u9636\u7ea7\u6597\u4e89\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u3002\u4e0d\u4e45\u524d\uff0c\u6cd5\u56fd\u5468\u520a\u300aQue faire\u300b\u5199\u9053\uff1a\u7531\u4e8e\u300c\u6258\u6d3e\u300d\u5bf9\u82f1\u6cd5\u6301\u5931\u8d25\u4e3b\u4e49\u7acb\u573a\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5fc5\u7136\u5bf9\u82cf\u8054\u4e5f\u62b1\u7740\u5931\u8d25\u4e3b\u4e49\u6001\u5ea6\u3002\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff1a\u65e2\u7136\u4f60\u4eec\u8981\u4fdd\u536b\u82cf\u8054\uff0c\u5c31\u5148\u4fdd\u536b\u5b83\u7684\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u76df\u53cb\u5427\uff01\u5f53\u65f6\u300aQue faire\u300b\u4ee5\u4e3a\u82cf\u8054\u7684\u76df\u53cb\u662f\u300c\u6c11\u4e3b\u9635\u8425\u300d\uff1b\u8fd9\u5e2e\u5065\u8c08\u7684\u5c0f\u8d44\u300c\u56fd\u5e08\u300d\u5982\u4f55\u5706\u8c0e\uff0c\u6211\u4e0d\u6e05\u695a\u4e5f\u65e0\u610f\u6df1\u7a76\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5c0f\u8d44\u89c2\u5bdf\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba\u5e9f\u7269\u900f\u9876\u3002\u505c\u6b62\u5bf9\u2014\u2014\u82cf\u8054\u5230\u5904\u52fe\u642d\u7684\u2014\u2014\u5404\u4e2a\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u9635\u8425\u91c7\u53d6\u5931\u8d25\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u610f\u5473\u7740\u628a\u4ea4\u6218\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u7684\u5de5\u4eba\u63a8\u5411\u672c\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\uff1b\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6839\u672c\u62d2\u7edd\u5931\u8d25\u4e3b\u4e49\u539f\u5219\u3002\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0c\u653e\u5f03\u5931\u8d25\u4e3b\u4e49\u7b49\u4e8e\u653e\u5f03\u793e\u4f1a\u9769\u547d\uff1b\u4ee5\u300c\u4fdd\u536b\u82cf\u8054\u300d\u7684\u501f\u53e3\u653e\u5f03\u9769\u547d\uff0c\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u82cf\u8054\u7684\u6700\u7ec8\u8150\u673d\u6b7b\u4ea1\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5171\u4ea7\u56fd\u9645\u7684\u300c\u4fdd\u536b\u82cf\u8054\u300d\u4e0e\u6628\u5929\u7684\u300c\u53cd\u6cd5\u897f\u65af\u300d\u7edf\u6218\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u90fd\u4ee5\u62d2\u7edd\u72ec\u7acb\u9636\u7ea7\u7acb\u573a\u4e3a\u524d\u63d0\u3002\u300c\u656c\u7231\u9886\u8896\u300d\u547c\u6765\u559d\u53bb\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u8ddf\u73ed\u575a\u6301\u8ba4\u4e3a\u65e0\u4ea7\u8005\u2014\u2014\u5404\u79cd\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u3001\u4ee5\u5404\u79cd\u540d\u4e49\u3001\u4f46\u59cb\u7ec8\u4e0d\u53d8\u5730\u2014\u2014\u5145\u5f53\u7740\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u4ea7\u9635\u8425\u53cd\u5bf9\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u4ea7\u9635\u8425\u7684\u5e2e\u624b\u3002\u51fa\u4e8e\u9006\u53cd\u5fc3\u7406\uff0c\u67d0\u4e9b\u540c\u5fd7\u8868\u793a\u4ed6\u4eec\u65e0\u610f\u5145\u5f53\u83ab\u65af\u79d1\u53ca\u76df\u53cb\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u62d2\u7edd\u4fdd\u536b\u82cf\u8054\u3002\u5f88\u4e0d\u5e78\uff0c\u8fd9\u7c7b\u59ff\u6001\u8bf4\u660e\u4e0a\u8ff0\u540c\u5fd7\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u300c\u4fdd\u536b\u82cf\u8054\u300d\u4e0e\u673a\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u57fa\u672c\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u800c\u6ca1\u6709\u4ece\u65e0\u4ea7\u8005\u7684\u7acb\u573a\u53bb\u601d\u8003\u4fdd\u536b\u82cf\u8054\u7684\u5b9e\u8d28\u3002\u4fdd\u536b\u82cf\u8054\u4e5f\u597d\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u89e3\u653e\u6597\u4e89\u4e5f\u597d\uff0c\u89e3\u51b3\u5176\u5b83\u653f\u6cbb\u4efb\u52a1\u4e5f\u597d\uff0c\u90fd\u4e0d\u7b49\u4e8e\u8ffd\u968f\u67d0\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u9635\u8425\u5bf9\u6297\u7ade\u4e89\u8005\u3002\u7b2c\u56db\u56fd\u9645\u4e3b\u5f20\u5404\u56fd\u2014\u2014\u65e0\u8bba\u5b97\u4e3b\u56fd\u6216\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u2014\u2014\u65e0\u4ea7\u8005\u4ee5\u9636\u7ea7\u6597\u4e89\u7684\u624b\u6bb5\u843d\u5b9e\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u4e0d\u5982\u6b64\u5373\u4e0d\u80fd\u81ea\u89c9\u5730\u634d\u536b\u672c\u9636\u7ea7\u5229\u76ca\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u4ee5\u56fd\u58eb\u81ea\u5c45\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u5728\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e16\u754c\u6216\u82cf\u8054\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u90fd\u662f\uff08\u5404\u56fd\u7edf\u6cbb\u8005\uff09\u7684\u4e0d\u59a5\u534f\u654c\u4eba\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u300c\u4fdd\u536b\u82cf\u8054\u300d\u4e0d\u901a\u8fc7\u6709\u4ea7\u653f\u5e9c\u6216\u82cf\u8054\u5f53\u5c40\u4e4b\u624b\uff0c\u800c\u5b8c\u5168\u4f9d\u9760\u5bf9\u7fa4\u4f17\u7684\u9769\u547d\u718f\u9676\uff1b\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u5411\u5de5\u4eba\u89e3\u91ca\u82cf\u8054\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u54ea\u4e9b\u90e8\u5206\u503c\u5f97\u4fdd\u536b\uff0c\u54ea\u4e9b\u90e8\u5206\u5fc5\u987b\u6d88\u706d\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u300c\u4fdd\u536b\u82cf\u8054\u300d\u4e0d\u4f1a\u521b\u9020\u795e\u8ff9\uff0c\u4f46\u7b2c\u56db\u56fd\u9645\u5e76\u4e0d\u81ea\u5439\u83e9\u8428\u8f6c\u4e16\u3002\u6682\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u662f\u9769\u547d\u9635\u8425\u7684\u5c11\u6570\u6d3e\u3002\u5728\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u5e2e\u52a9\u540c\u60c5\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5de6\u7ffc\u5de5\u4eba\u51c6\u786e\u8bc4\u4f30\u653f\u6cbb\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u4e3a\u672c\u9636\u7ea7\u7684\u666e\u904d\u9769\u547d\u89c9\u9192\u6253\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u6709\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u5b9e\u73b0\u5de5\u4eba\u9769\u547d\u7684\u6218\u7565\u4efb\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4fdd\u536b\u82cf\u8054\u4e0e\u51c6\u5907\u56fd\u9645\u9769\u547d\u4e92\u76f8\u543b\u5408\u3002\u4fdd\u536b\u82cf\u8054\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u90fd\u65e0\u6743\u8fdd\u80cc\u9769\u547d\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u603b\u524d\u63d0\u3002\u4ece\u793e\u4f1a\u9769\u547d\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\uff0c\u4fdd\u536b\u82cf\u8054\u662f\u670d\u52a1\u4e8e\u6218\u7565\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u6218\u672f\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u4e24\u8005\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u5e76\u4e0d\u77db\u76fe\u3002<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\">\u65b0\u5360\u9886\u571f<\/h3>\n<p>\u76ee\u524d\uff0c\u7ea2\u519b\u65b0\u5360\u9886\u571f\u524d\u9014\u672a\u535c\u3002\u4f20\u5a92\u62a5\u9053\u5f02\u5e38\u6df7\u4e71\uff0c\u5404\u65b9\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u6218\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u96be\u4ee5\u5206\u8fa8\u8c0e\u8a00\u4e0e\u4e8b\u5b9e\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u5982\u4f55\uff0c\u67d0\u4e9b\u9886\u571f\u4f1a\u5e76\u5165\u82cf\u8054\u3002\u83ab\u65af\u79d1\u4ee5\u4f55\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u63a5\u7eb3\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5730\u533a\uff0c\u4e0e\u82cf\u8054\u7684\u524d\u9014\u5173\u7cfb\u6781\u6df1<a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marxists.org\/chinese\/trotsky\/1940book\/02.htm#_ftn24\" name=\"_ftnref24\">[24]<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6682\u4e14\u5047\u8bbe\u2014\u2014\u6309\u7167\u4e0e\u5fb7\u65b9\u7684\u7ea6\u5b9a\u2014\u2014\u83ab\u65af\u79d1\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4fb5\u72af\u65b0\u5360\u9886\u571f\u7684\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u79c1\u6709\u4ea7\u6743\uff0c\u6ee1\u8db3\u4e8e\u7eb3\u7cb9\u5bf9\u8d44\u672c\u5bb6\u7684\u300c\u7763\u5bfc\u300d\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u300c\u4e00\u56fd\u4e24\u5236\u300d\u7684\u8ba9\u6b65<a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marxists.org\/chinese\/trotsky\/1940book\/02.htm#_ftn25\" name=\"_ftnref25\">[25]<\/a>\u5177\u6709\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u539f\u5219\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u5e76\u53ef\u80fd\u6210\u4e3a\u82cf\u8054\u5236\u5ea6\u65b0\u9636\u6bb5\u7684\u8d77\u70b9\uff0c\u987a\u7406\u6210\u7ae0\uff0c\u5b83\u4f1a\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u82cf\u8054\u7684\u9636\u7ea7\u6027\u8d28\u505a\u51fa\u65b0\u8bc4\u4ef7\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u5047\u8bbe\u66f4\u63a5\u8fd1\u5b9e\u9645\uff1a\u83ab\u65af\u79d1\u5c06\u5265\u593a\u65b0\u5360\u571f\u5730\u7684\u5927\u6709\u4ea7\u8005\uff0c\u5e76\u63a8\u884c\u751f\u4ea7\u8d44\u6599\u56fd\u6709\u5316\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u5b98\u50da\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u5fe0\u8bda\uff0c\u800c\u56e0\u4e3a\u82cf\u8054\u7684\u603b\u7406\u90e8\u957f\u4eec\u4e0d\u613f\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e0e\u88ab\u5360\u9886\u571f\u7684\u65e7\u7edf\u6cbb\u8005\u5206\u4eab\u6743\u529b\u53ca\u8fde\u5e26\u7279\u6743\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u627e\u5230\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u5148\u4f8b\u2014\u2014\u501f\u52a9\u519b\u4e8b\u72ec\u88c1\uff0c\u62ff\u7834\u4ed1\u00b7\u6ce2\u62ff\u5df4\u7ec8\u6b62\u4e86\u6cd5\u56fd\u9769\u547d\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff1b\u4f46\u6cd5\u519b\u653b\u5165\u6ce2\u5170\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u7b7e\u7f72\u4e86\u300c\u53d6\u6d88\u519c\u5974\u5236\u300d\u7684\u6cd5\u4ee4\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u6539\u826f\u4e0e\u6ce2\u62ff\u5df4\u662f\u5426\u540c\u60c5\u519c\u6c11\u70ed\u7231\u6c11\u4e3b\u65e0\u5173\uff0c\u800c\u6765\u81ea\u6ce2\u62ff\u5df4\u72ec\u88c1\u4f9d\u9760\u7684\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u79c1\u6709\u5236\uff08\u800c\u975e\u5c01\u5efa\u6240\u6709\u5236\uff09\u3002\u6ce2\u62ff\u5df4\u7684\u82cf\u8054\u540c\u884c\u4e0d\u4f9d\u8d56\u79c1\u6709\u4ea7\u6743\uff0c\u800c\u4ee5\u2014\u2014\u5265\u593a\u5927\u6709\u4ea7\u8005\u524d\u63d0\u4e0b\u7684\u2014\u2014\u751f\u4ea7\u8d44\u6599\u56fd\u6709\u5236\u4e3a\u9760\u5c71\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u7ea2\u519b\u653b\u5360\u6ce2\u5170\u4f1a\u6e05\u9664\u5f53\u5730\u7684\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u79c1\u6709\u5236\uff0c\u4f7f\u65b0\u5360\u5730\u533a\u4e0e\u672c\u571f\u4fdd\u6301\u8d22\u4ea7\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4ece\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u672c\u6027\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u300c\u5265\u593a\u5265\u593a\u8005\uff01\u300d\u662f\u4e0d\u6298\u4e0d\u6263\u7684\u9769\u547d\u63aa\u65bd\u3002\u5728\u65b0\u5360\u9886\u571f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u5265\u593a\u4f1a\u4ee5\u519b\u4e8b-\u5b98\u50da\u65b9\u5f0f\u8fdb\u884c\uff0c\u5e76\u4f34\u968f\u7740\u5bf9\u5f53\u5730\u7fa4\u4f17\u57fa\u5c42\u5021\u8bae\u7684\u547c\u5401\uff08\u6ca1\u6709\u8d77\u7801\u7684\u7fa4\u4f17\u53c2\u4e0e\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u5efa\u7acb\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u540e\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u5236\u5ea6\uff09\u3002\u6beb\u65e0\u7591\u95ee\uff0c\u7c7b\u4f3c\u547c\u5401\u4f1a\u88ab\u8fc5\u901f\u538b\u5236\u4e0b\u53bb\uff0c\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u5b98\u50da\u673a\u5668\u5bf9\uff08\u5265\u593a\u6709\u4ea7\u8005\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff09\u89c9\u9192\u7fa4\u4f17\u7684\u538b\u5012\u6027\u4f18\u52bf\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u65b0\u5360\u9886\u571f\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u7ed9\u82cf\u5fb7\u8054\u76df\u74dc\u5206\u6ce2\u5170\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u6253\u63a9\u62a4\uff0c\u83ab\u65af\u79d1\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u800d\u5f04\u56fd\u5185\u53ca\u4e16\u754c\u5de5\u519c\uff0c\u5df2\u628a\u5171\u4ea7\u56fd\u9645\u5404\u652f\u90e8\u6298\u817e\u5f97\u5944\u5944\u4e00\u606f\u3002\u5bf9\u65e0\u4ea7\u5148\u950b\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u8861\u91cf\u672c\u9636\u7ea7\u5229\u76ca\u5f97\u5931\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u6807\u51c6\u4e0d\u662f\u67d0\u4e2a\u5730\u533a\u8d22\u4ea7\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u5b64\u7acb\u53d8\u9769\uff08\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8fd9\u79cd\u53d8\u9769\u6781\u91cd\u8981\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u65e0\u4ea7\u8005\u7684\u89c9\u609f\u548c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6027\u7684\u8d77\u843d\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6709\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5de5\u519c\u4fdd\u536b\u65e2\u6709\u793e\u4f1a\u8fdb\u6b65\u4e0e\u8feb\u4f7f\u6709\u4ea7\u8005\u7ee7\u7eed\u8ba9\u6b65\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u662f\u5426\u63d0\u9ad8\u3002\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e2a\u51b3\u5b9a\u6027\u89c6\u89d2\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u83ab\u65af\u79d1\u7684\u5185\u5916\u653f\u7b56\u4fdd\u5b58\u4e86\u65e7\u6709\u7684\u53cd\u52a8\u6027\uff0c\u7ee7\u7eed\u626e\u6f14\u7740\u56fd\u9645\u9769\u547d\u7684\u7eca\u811a\u77f3\u89d2\u8272\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c\u56db\u56fd\u9645\u5bf9\u83ab\u65af\u79d1\u53ca\u5171\u4ea7\u56fd\u9645\u7684\u603b\u8bc4\u4ef7\uff0c\u4e0d\u7b49\u4e8e\u65e0\u89c6\u4e0b\u5217\u5c40\u90e8\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff1a\u65b0\u5360\u5730\u533a\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u8d44\u6599\u56fd\u6709\u5316\u5c5e\u4e8e\u8fdb\u6b65\u63aa\u65bd\u3002\u5bf9\u6b64\u5fc5\u987b\u516c\u5f00\u627f\u8ba4\u3002\u5047\u5982\u7eb3\u7cb9\u660e\u5929\u5411\u4e1c\u5f00\u6218\uff0c\u4ee5\u6062\u590d\u6ce2\u5170\u4e1c\u90e8\u7684\u300c\u6587\u660e\u79e9\u5e8f\u300d\uff0c\u5148\u8fdb\u5de5\u4eba\u5fc5\u987b\u62ff\u8d77\u67aa\u6746\u5b50\u4fdd\u536b\u514b\u91cc\u59c6\u6797\u5bab\u5728\u5f53\u5730\u63a8\u5e7f\u7684\u65b0\u8d22\u4ea7\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\">\u6309\u65e2\u5b9a\u65b9\u9488\u529e<a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marxists.org\/chinese\/trotsky\/1940book\/02.htm#_ftn26\" name=\"_ftnref26\">[26]<\/a><\/h3>\n<p>\u751f\u4ea7\u8d44\u6599\u56fd\u6709\u5316\u662f\u8fdb\u6b65\u63aa\u65bd\u3002\u4f46\u5b83\u7684\u8fdb\u6b65\u6027\u5e26\u6709\u76f8\u5bf9\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u5e38\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u5176\u5b83\u56e0\u7d20\u7684\u7efc\u5408\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u4ee5\u300c\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u6539\u9020\u300d\u4e3a\u63a9\u62a4\uff0c\u5b98\u50da\u4e13\u5236\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u5bc4\u751f\u56e2\u4f19\u62d3\u5c55\u4e86\u6240\u8f96\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u6216\u8bb8\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u63d0\u9ad8\u81ea\u8eab\u5a01\u4fe1\u3002\u66f4\u53ef\u6015\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u81ea\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\u7684\u5b98\u50da\u6539\u9020\u4f1a\u523a\u6fc0\u7ed5\u8fc7\u793e\u4f1a\u9769\u547d\u3001\u5e0c\u56fe\u4ee5\u624b\u8155\u6743\u8c0b\u548c\u5916\u90e8\u6551\u5175\u53d6\u5f97\u80dc\u5229\u7684\u5e7b\u60f3\uff1b\u8fd9\u4e00\u6f5c\u5728\u6076\u679c\uff0c\u8fdc\u6bd4\u6ce2\u5170\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u51e0\u6761\u8fdb\u6b65\u63aa\u65bd\u5f71\u54cd\u6df1\u8fdc\u3002\u4f7f\u751f\u4ea7\u8d44\u6599\u56fd\u6709\u5316\uff08\u4ece\u65b0\u5360\u5730\u533a\u5230\u672c\u571f\uff09\u6210\u4e3a\u771f\u6b63\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u8fdb\u6b65\u2014\u2014\u5373\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u2014\u2014\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u6253\u5012\u56fd\u5185\u7684\u5f53\u6743\u8005\u3002\u82cf\u8054\u653f\u6cbb\u9769\u547d\u80dc\u5229\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u7b2c\u56db\u56fd\u9645\u7684\u8fc7\u6e21\u7eb2\u9886\u5c06\u4fdd\u6301\u5168\u90e8\u65e2\u6709\u653f\u6cbb\u6548\u529b\u3002\u65b0\u7684\u4e8b\u53d8\u6ca1\u6709\u4ee4\u6211\u4eec\u63aa\u624b\u4e0d\u53ca\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u51c6\u786e\u76f4\u767d\u5730\u505a\u51fa\u89e3\u91ca\u5373\u53ef\u3002\u540c\u5fd7\u4eec\u6709\u8d23\u4efb\u7406\u89e3\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff1a\u82cf\u8054\u7684\u7279\u6027\u53ca\u81ea\u8eab\u56fd\u9645\u5730\u4f4d\u4e00\u76f4\u542b\u6709\u5f3a\u70c8\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u77db\u76fe\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u80fd\u8eb2\u5728\u5b57\u773c\u9b54\u672f\uff08\u300c\u5de5\u4eba\u56fd\u5bb6\u300d\u2014\u2014\u300c\u4e0d\u662f\u5de5\u4eba\u56fd\u5bb6\u300d\uff09\u540e\u9762\u9003\u907f\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u76f4\u9762\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff0c\u4ece\u73b0\u5b9e\u77db\u76fe\u53ca\u793e\u4f1a\u5173\u7cfb\u51fa\u53d1\u5236\u8ba2\u653f\u7b56\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u83ab\u65af\u79d1\u7684\u77ed\u89c6\u5b98\u50da\u4e0d\u80fd\u627f\u62c5\u4efb\u4f55\u5386\u53f2\u4f7f\u547d\u3002\u5bf9\u82cf\u8054\u7edf\u6cbb\u8005\u7684\u519b\u4e8b\u6269\u5f20\uff0c\u7b2c\u56db\u56fd\u9645\u4ece\u4e0d\u62b1\u5e7b\u60f3<a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marxists.org\/chinese\/trotsky\/1940book\/02.htm#_ftn27\" 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