{"id":28574,"date":"2021-04-11T16:58:59","date_gmt":"2021-04-11T08:58:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/chinaworker.info\/?page_id=28574"},"modified":"2021-04-11T16:59:41","modified_gmt":"2021-04-11T08:59:41","slug":"28574-2","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/chinaworker.info\/zh-hans\/28536-2\/28574-2\/","title":{"rendered":"\u81f4\u9a6c\u514b\u65af\u00b7\u6c99\u8d6b\u7279\u66fc\uff081939\u5e7411\u67086\u65e5\uff09"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"tdi_1\" class=\"tdc-zone\"><div class=\"tdc_zone tdi_2  wpb_row td-pb-row\"  >\n<style scoped>\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n.tdi_2{\r\n                    min-height: 0;\r\n                }\n<\/style><div id=\"tdi_3\" class=\"tdc-row\"><div class=\"vc_row tdi_4  wpb_row td-pb-row\" >\n<style scoped>\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n.tdi_4,\r\n                .tdi_4 .tdc-columns{\r\n                    min-height: 0;\r\n                }.tdi_4,\r\n\t\t\t\t.tdi_4 .tdc-columns{\r\n\t\t\t\t    display: block;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_4 .tdc-columns{\r\n\t\t\t\t    width: 100%;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_4:before,\r\n\t\t\t\t.tdi_4:after{\r\n\t\t\t\t    display: table;\r\n\t\t\t\t}\n\/* inline tdc_css att - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n\n.tdi_4{\nmargin-top:50px !important;\n}\n\n.tdi_4 .td_block_wrap{ text-align:left }\n\n<\/style><div class=\"vc_column tdi_6  wpb_column vc_column_container tdc-column td-pb-span8\">\n<style scoped>\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n.tdi_6{\r\n                    vertical-align: baseline;\r\n                }.tdi_6 > .wpb_wrapper,\r\n\t\t\t\t.tdi_6 > .wpb_wrapper > .tdc-elements{\r\n\t\t\t\t    display: block;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_6 > .wpb_wrapper > .tdc-elements{\r\n\t\t\t\t    width: 100%;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_6 > .wpb_wrapper > .vc_row_inner{\r\n\t\t\t\t    width: auto;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_6 > .wpb_wrapper{\r\n\t\t\t\t    width: auto;\r\n\t\t\t\t    height: auto;\r\n\t\t\t\t}\n<\/style><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\" ><div class=\"wpb_wrapper wpb_text_column td_block_wrap td_block_wrap vc_column_text tdi_7  tagdiv-type td-pb-border-top td_block_template_1\"  data-td-block-uid=\"tdi_7\" >\n<style>\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n.vc_column_text > .td-element-style{\r\n\t\t\t\t\tz-index: -1;\r\n\t\t\t\t}\n<\/style><div class=\"td-fix-index\"><p class=\"title1\" style=\"text-align: center;\">\u81f4\u9a6c\u514b\u65af\u00b7\u6c99\u8d6b\u7279\u66fc<\/p>\n<p class=\"date\" style=\"text-align: center;\">1939\u5e7411\u67086\u65e5<\/p>\n<p>\u4eb2\u7231\u7684\u6c99\u8d6b\u7279\u66fc\u540c\u5fd7\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u6536\u5230\u4e86\u4f60\u5bc4\u6765\u7684\u4f6010\u670815\u65e5<a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marxists.org\/chinese\/trotsky\/1940book\/08.htm#_ftn1\" name=\"_ftnref1\"><sup>[1]<\/sup><\/a>\u6f14\u8bb2\u7a3f\u7684\u590d\u672c\uff0c\u6211\u5df2\u7ecf\u770b\u8fc7\u4e86\u8fd9\u7bc7\u7a3f\u5b50\uff0c\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u6211\u770b\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u5f88\u4ed4\u7ec6\uff0c\u5b83\u503c\u5f97\u6211\u8fd9\u4e48\u505a\u3002\u6211\u53d1\u73b0\u5176\u4e2d\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u51fa\u8272\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u548c\u6784\u601d\uff0c\u5728\u6211\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4e0e\u7b2c\u56db\u56fd\u9645\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6587\u732e\u4e2d\u8868\u8fbe\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5171\u540c\u7acb\u573a\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u6211\u5728\u91cc\u9762\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u80fd\u89e3\u91ca\u4f60\u62a8\u51fb\u6211\u4eec\u4e4b\u524d\u7acb\u573a\u4e3a\u201c\u4e0d\u5145\u5206\u3001\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5584\u548c\u8fc7\u65f6\u201d\u7684\u7406\u7531\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f60\u8bf4\u201c\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u5f62\u52bf\u7684\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u90a3\u4e9b\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u5047\u8bbe\u548c\u9884\u6d4b\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u4e8b\u4ef6\u201d\u3002\uff08\u7b2c17\u9875\uff09\u4f46\u4e0d\u5e78\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4f60\u8c08\u8d77\u4e86\u201c\u5177\u4f53\u201d\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u5374\u8bf4\u5f97\u5f88\u62bd\u8c61\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4e0d\u4e86\u89e3\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u54ea\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u5f62\u52bf\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6539\u53d8\u5bf9\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u4ec0\u4e48\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u4f60\u63d0\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u4f60\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u201c\u66fe\u9884\u89c1\u5e76\u89c1\u8bc1\u201d\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e09\u56fd\u9645\u7684\u5815\u843d\uff08\u7b2c18\u9875\uff09\uff1b\u4f46\u53ea\u662f\u5728\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u83b7\u80dc\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u624d\u53d1\u73b0\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u5ba3\u5e03\u6210\u7acb\u7b2c\u56db\u56fd\u9645\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e3e\u5f97\u4e0d\u51c6\u786e\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u4ec5\u9884\u89c1\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e09\u56fd\u9645\u7684\u5815\u843d\uff0c\u4e5f\u9884\u89c1\u4e86\u5b83\u6709\u6539\u826f\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u3002\u53ea\u662f1929-1933\u5e74\u7684\u5fb7\u56fd\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u786e\u4fe1\u5171\u4ea7\u56fd\u9645\u5df2\u65e0\u53ef\u6551\u836f\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u6539\u826f\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u968f\u540e\u5c31\u4ece\u6839\u672c\u4e0a\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u653f\u7b56\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u63d0\u51fa\u6210\u7acb\u7b2c\u56db\u56fd\u9645\uff0c\u6765\u53cd\u5bf9\u7b2c\u4e09\u56fd\u9645\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f46\u5bf9\u4e8e\u82cf\u7ef4\u57c3\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5374\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e0b\u540c\u6837\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u56fd\u9645\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u515a\uff0c\u662f\u62e5\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u601d\u60f3\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u4eba\u7684\u96c6\u5408\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4eba\u53d8\u5f97\u4ece\u6839\u672c\u4e0a\u53cd\u5bf9\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u653e\u5f03\u4e00\u5207\u6539\u826f\u5b83\u7684\u5e0c\u671b\u3002\u4f46\u82cf\u7ef4\u57c3\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u62e5\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u4eba\u7684\u96c6\u5408\uff0c\u5b83\u66f4\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u590d\u5408\u4f53\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5b98\u50da\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u5728\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\u51e0\u4e4e\u4e0e\u5341\u6708\u9769\u547d\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u5b8c\u5168\u5bf9\u7acb\uff0c\u82cf\u7ef4\u57c3\u56fd\u5bb6\u4f9d\u7136\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u653e\u5f03\u901a\u8fc7\u653f\u6cbb\u9769\u547d\u9769\u65b0\u82cf\u7ef4\u57c3\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u4f60\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u6539\u53d8\u8fd9\u79cd\u6001\u5ea6\u5417\uff1f\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u662f\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u6211\u786e\u4fe1\u4f60\u4e0d\u4f1a\u53cd\u5bf9\u5b83\uff0c\u201c\u5177\u4f53\u201d\u4e8b\u4ef6\u6240\u9020\u6210\u7684\u6839\u672c\u6539\u53d8\u5728\u54ea\u91cc\uff1f<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\uff0c\u4f60\u5f15\u7528\u4e86<b>\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u82cf\u7ef4\u57c3\u4e4c\u514b\u5170<\/b>\u7684\u53e3\u53f7\uff0c\u4f60\u627f\u8ba4\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53e3\u53f7\uff0c\u6211\u8868\u793a\u6b23\u6170\u3002\u4f46\u4f60\u53c8\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u636e\u6211\u6240\u4e86\u89e3\u7684\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u6839\u672c\u7acb\u573a\uff0c\u5b83\u603b\u662f\u53cd\u5bf9\u82cf\u7ef4\u57c3\u8054\u90a6\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u4e2d\u7684\u5206\u79bb\u4e3b\u4e49\u503e\u5411\u201d\u3002\uff08\u7b2c19\u9875\uff09\u5728\u8fd9\u65b9\u9762\u4f60\u770b\u5230\u4e86\u201c\u653f\u7b56\u4e0a\u7684\u6839\u672c\u6539\u53d8\u201d\u3002\u4f46\uff1a\uff081\uff09\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u82cf\u7ef4\u57c3\u4e4c\u514b\u5170\u7684\u53e3\u53f7\u662f\u5728\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u2014\u65af\u5927\u6797\u534f\u7ea6\u4e4b\u524d\u63d0\u51fa\u7684<a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marxists.org\/chinese\/trotsky\/1940book\/08.htm#_ftn2\" name=\"_ftnref2\"><sup>[2]<\/sup><\/a>\u3002\uff082\uff09\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53e3\u53f7\uff0c\u4ec5\u662f\u628a\u6211\u4eec\u7528\u9769\u547d\u63a8\u7ffb\u5b98\u50da\u9636\u5c42\u7684\u603b\u7684\u53e3\u53f7\uff0c\u8fd0\u7528\u5728\u6c11\u65cf\u95ee\u9898\u8303\u7574\u5185\u7684\u4ea7\u7269\u3002\u4f60\u540c\u6837\u6709\u6743\u5229\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u636e\u6211\u6240\u4e86\u89e3\u7684\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u6839\u672c\u7acb\u573a\uff0c\u5b83\u603b\u662f\u53cd\u5bf9\u4efb\u4f55\u53cd\u6297\u82cf\u7ef4\u57c3\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u201d\u5f53\u7136\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u51e0\u5e74\u524d\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6839\u672c\u7acb\u573a\u3002\u5728\u73b0\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6211\u5b9e\u5728\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u4f60\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u65b0\u7684\u6539\u53d8\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f60\u5f15\u7528\u4e861920\u5e74\u7ea2\u519b\u8fdb\u519b\u6ce2\u5170\u548c\u683c\u9c81\u5409\u4e9a\u7684\u4e8b\u4f8b\uff0c\u4f60\u7ee7\u7eed\u8bf4\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5f62\u52bf\u6ca1\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u65b0\u7684\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u591a\u6570\u6d3e\u4e0d\u63d0\u51fa\u4e3a\u7ea2\u519b\u8fdb\u519b\u6ce2\u5170\uff0c\u8fdb\u519b\u6ce2\u7f57\u7684\u6d77\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u8fdb\u519b\u82ac\u5170\u2026\u2026\u800c\u6b22\u547c\u5462\uff1f\u201d\uff08\u7b2c20\u9875\uff09\u5728\u4f60\u7684\u6f14\u8bb2\u7684\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u4f60\u8868\u660e\u4e861920\u5e74\u4e0e1939\u5e74\u4e4b\u95f4\u201c\u5728\u5f62\u52bf\u4e0a\u6709\u4e9b\u65b0\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u201d\u3002\u5f53\u7136\u5982\u6b64\uff01\u5f62\u52bf\u4e0a\u7684\u65b0\u53d8\u5316\u6709\u7b2c\u4e09\u56fd\u9645\u7684\u7834\u4ea7\u3001\u82cf\u7ef4\u57c3\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u5815\u843d\u3001\u5de6\u7ffc\u53cd\u5bf9\u6d3e\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u548c\u7b2c\u56db\u56fd\u9645\u7684\u6210\u7acb\u7b49\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u201c\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u201d\u6070\u6070\u53d1\u751f\u57281920\u5e74\u4e0e1939\u5e74\u4e4b\u95f4\u3002\u800c\u4e14\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5145\u5206\u5730\u89e3\u91ca\u4e86\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6211\u4eec\u6839\u672c\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u514b\u91cc\u59c6\u6797\u5bab\u7684\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5b83\u7684\u519b\u4e8b\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u7acb\u573a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f60\u597d\u50cf\u6709\u70b9\u5fd8\u4e86\uff0c1920\u5e74\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u4ec5\u652f\u6301\u7ea2\u519b\u7684\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u4e5f\u652f\u6301\u683c\u4f2f\u4e4c\uff08GPU<a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marxists.org\/chinese\/trotsky\/1940book\/08.htm#_ftn3\" name=\"_ftnref3\"><sup>[3]<\/sup><\/a>\uff09\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u3002\u4ece\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u8bc4\u4ef7\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u4e0a\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u7ea2\u519b\u548c\u683c\u4f2f\u4e4c\u4e4b\u95f4\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u539f\u5219\u6027\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u4e0d\u4ec5\u7d27\u5bc6\u76f8\u8fde\u800c\u4e14\u8fd8\u4e92\u76f8\u7ed3\u5408\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u57281918\u5e74\u548c\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u4e00\u5e74\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e3a\u5951\u5361\u4e0e\u4fc4\u56fd\u53cd\u9769\u547d\u5206\u5b50\u548c\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u4f5c\u6597\u4e89\u800c\u6b22\u547c\uff0c\u4f46\u57281927\u5e74\u5f53\u683c\u4f2f\u4e4c\u5f00\u59cb\u902e\u6355\uff0c\u653e\u9010\uff0c\u67aa\u6740\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u5e03\u5c14\u4ec0\u7ef4\u514b\u515a\u4eba\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u673a\u6784\u7684\u8bc4\u4ef7\u3002\u8fd9\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u6539\u53d8\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u82cf\u5fb7\u534f\u5b9a\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u81f3\u5c1111\u5e74\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u5f53\u4f60\u8bbd\u523a\u5730\u8bf4\u9053\u201c\u591a\u6570\u6d3e\u751a\u81f3\uff08\uff01\uff09\u62d2\u7edd\u91c7\u53d6\u6211\u4eec\u57281920\u5e74\u6240\u91c7\u53d6\u7684\u540c\u6837\u7acb\u573a\u2026\u2026\u201d\uff08\u7b2c20\u9875\uff09\u6211\u611f\u5230\u76f8\u5f53\u9707\u60ca\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4e8e1923\u5e74\u5f00\u59cb\u6539\u53d8\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7acb\u573a\u3002\u968f\u7740\u5ba2\u89c2\u4e8b\u5b9e\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u5728\u9010\u6b65\u524d\u8fdb\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u6f14\u8fdb\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\u6027\u5173\u5934\u662f1933-34\u5e74\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u65e0\u6cd5\u4e86\u89e3\u4f60\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u6211\u4eec\u653f\u7b56\u4e2d\u7684\u65b0\u7684\u6839\u672c\u6027\u6539\u53d8\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u90a3\u4e5f\u4e0d\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6211\u4eec\u56de\u5230\u4e861920\u5e74\uff01<\/p>\n<p>\u4f60\u7279\u522b\u575a\u6301\u5fc5\u987b\u629b\u5f03\u65e0\u6761\u4ef6\u4fdd\u536b\u82cf\u8054\u7684\u53e3\u53f7\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u4f60\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u53e3\u53f7\u89e3\u91ca\u6210\u6211\u4eec\u65e0\u6761\u4ef6\u5730\u652f\u6301\u514b\u91cc\u59c6\u6797\u5bab\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5916\u4ea4\u548c\u519b\u4e8b\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u65e0\u6761\u4ef6\u5730\u652f\u6301\u65af\u5927\u6797\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u3002\u4e0d\uff0c\u6211\u4eb2\u7231\u7684\u6c99\u8d6b\u7279\u66fc\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u63cf\u8ff0\u5e76\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u201c\u5177\u4f53\u4e8b\u4ef6\u201d\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5df2\u57281927\u5e74\u5411\u4e2d\u592e\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u58f0\u660e\uff1a\u201c\u4e3a\u4e86\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u7956\u56fd\uff1f\u662f\u7684\uff01\u4e3a\u4e86\u65af\u5927\u6797\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u9053\u8def\uff1f\u4e0d\uff01\u201d\uff08\u300a\u65af\u5927\u6797\u4f2a\u9020\u5b66\u6d3e\u300b\uff0c\u7b2c177\u9875\uff09\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4f60\u597d\u50cf\u5fd8\u8bb0\u4e86\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u201c\u514b\u5217\u5b5f\u68ad\u63d0\u6848\u201d<a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marxists.org\/chinese\/trotsky\/1940book\/08.htm#_ftn4\" name=\"_ftnref4\"><sup>[4]<\/sup><\/a>\uff0c\u5b83\u8868\u660e\u4e3a\u4e86\u771f\u6b63\u4fdd\u536b\u82cf\u8054\uff0c\u65e0\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u5148\u950b\u961f\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u6d88\u706d\u65af\u5927\u6797\u653f\u5e9c\uff0c\u4ee3\u4e4b\u4ee5\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u57281927\u5e74\u5c31\u5df2\u7ecf\u58f0\u660e\u4e86\u7684\uff01\u4e94\u5e74\u4e4b\u540e\u6211\u4eec\u5411\u5de5\u4eba\u89e3\u91ca\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u66f4\u8fed\u53ea\u6709\u901a\u8fc7\u653f\u6cbb\u9769\u547d\u624d\u80fd\u5b8c\u6210\u3002\u5c31\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4ece\u6839\u672c\u4e0a\u628a\u4fdd\u536b\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5de5\u4eba\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u82cf\u8054\uff0c\u540c\u5b98\u50da\u7684\u4fdd\u536b\u82cf\u8054\u533a\u522b\u5f00\u6765\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u4f60\u5c06\u6211\u4eec\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u89e3\u91ca\u6210\u65e0\u6761\u4ef6\u5730\u652f\u6301\u65af\u5927\u6797\u7684\u5916\u4ea4\u548c\u519b\u4e8b\u6d3b\u52a8\uff01\u8bf7\u5141\u8bb8\u6211\u4eec\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u7b2c\u56db\u56fd\u9645\u521b\u5efa\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u662f\u5de6\u7ffc\u53cd\u5bf9\u6d3e\u8bde\u751f\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u6574\u4e2a\u7acb\u573a\u7684\u53ef\u6015\u626d\u66f2\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u65e0\u6761\u4ef6\u4fdd\u536b\u82cf\u8054\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u610f\u5473\u7740\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u5e76\u4e0d\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u514b\u91cc\u59c6\u6797\u5bab\u5b98\u50da\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3001\u9634\u8c0b\u6216\u7f6a\u884c\uff0c\u800c\u4ec5\u4ec5\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u662f\u600e\u4e48\u770b\u5f85\u82cf\u7ef4\u57c3\u56fd\u5bb6\u548c\u4e16\u754c\u9769\u547d\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u6f14\u8bb2\u7684\u672b\u5c3e\uff0c\u4f60\u5f15\u7528\u4e86\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u7684\u5fc5\u987b\u8ba9\u5bf9\u82cf\u8054\u7684\u56fd\u6709\u8d22\u4ea7\u5236\u7684\u4fdd\u536b\u670d\u4ece\u4e8e\u4e16\u754c\u9769\u547d\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u51c6\u5219\uff0c\u4f60\u7ee7\u7eed\u8bf4\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u6211\u5bf9\u6211\u4eec\u8fc7\u53bb\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u662f\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u6781\u529b\u5426\u8ba4\u8fd9\u4e24\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u53d1\u751f\u51b2\u7a81\u3002\u2026\u2026\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u65e7\u7acb\u573a\u8ba9\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u670d\u4ece\u4e8e\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u6211\u5bf9\u6b64\u4ece\u6765\u4e0d\u80fd\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6211\u61c2\u82f1\u8bed\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\u610f\u5473\u7740\uff1a\u8981\u4e48\u4e24\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u6709\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u662f\u6709\u8fd9\u6837\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u3002\u201d\uff08\u7b2c37\u9875\uff09\u7531\u6b64\u4f60\u5f97\u51fa\u7ed3\u8bba\uff1a\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u7ee7\u7eed\u4f7f\u7528\u65e0\u6761\u4ef6\u4fdd\u536b\u82cf\u8054\u7684\u53e3\u53f7\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bba\u70b9\u662f\u4ee5\u81f3\u5c11\u4e24\u4e2a\u8bef\u89e3\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u3002\u4fdd\u536b\u56fd\u6709\u8d22\u4ea7\u5236\u600e\u4e48\u4f1a\u4e0e\u4e16\u754c\u9769\u547d\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u53d1\u751f\u201c\u51b2\u7a81\u201d\uff1f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u201c\u51b2\u7a81\u201d\uff1f\u4f60\u9ed8\u8ba4<b>\u514b\u91cc\u59c6\u6797\u5bab<\/b>\u7684\uff08\u800c\u975e\u6211\u4eec\u7684\uff09\u4fdd\u536b\u653f\u7b56\u4f1a\u4e0e\u4e16\u754c\u9769\u547d\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u53d1\u751f\u51b2\u7a81\u3002\u5f53\u7136\u4f1a\uff01\u6bcf\u8d70\u4e00\u6b65\u90fd\u4f1a\u51b2\u7a81\uff01\u6bcf\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u90fd\u4f1a\u51b2\u7a81\uff01\u7136\u800c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u4fdd\u536b\u653f\u7b56\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u8ddf\u7740\u514b\u91cc\u59c6\u6797\u5bab\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u8f6c\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u5904\u8bef\u89e3\u3002\u4f46\u4f60\u95ee\u9053\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e24\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u6ca1\u6709\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6709\u670d\u4ece\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\uff1f\u8fd9\u662f\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5904\u8bef\u89e3\u3002\u65e2\u7136\u90e8\u5206\u4ece\u5c5e\u4e8e\u6574\u4f53\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u5fc5\u987b\u5c06\u4fdd\u536b\u82cf\u8054\u670d\u4ece\u4e8e\u4e16\u754c\u9769\u547d\u30021918\u5e74\uff0c\u5217\u5b81\u4e0e\u575a\u6301\u5bf9\u5fb7\u56fd\u8fdb\u884c\u9769\u547d\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u5e03\u54c8\u6797\u8fa9\u8bba\u65f6\uff0c\u5927\u81f4\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u56de\u7b54\u7684\uff1a\u201c\u5982\u679c\u5fb7\u56fd\u73b0\u5728\u7206\u53d1\u9769\u547d\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5192\u7740\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u5371\u9669\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u6709\u804c\u8d23\u53bb\u53d1\u52a8\u9769\u547d\u6218\u4e89\u3002\u5fb7\u56fd\u7684\u9769\u547d\u6bd4\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u9769\u547d\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u8be5\uff08\u6682\u65f6\uff09\u727a\u7272\u4fc4\u56fd\u82cf\u7ef4\u57c3\u653f\u6743\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u5728\u5fb7\u56fd\u5efa\u7acb\u82cf\u7ef4\u57c3\u653f\u6743\u3002\u201d\u6b64\u65f6\u5728\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\u53d1\u52a8\u7f62\u5de5\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u5408\u7406\uff0c\u4f46\u8981\u662f\u8fd9\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u5168\u56fd\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u603b\u7f62\u5de5\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48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align=\"right\">LUND\uff3b\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\uff3d<\/p>\n<p>\u526f\u672c\u7ed9\u574e\u519c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9644\uff1a\u8fd9\u5c01\u4fe1\u4e2d\u7684\u9648\u8ff0\u8fdc\u975e\u5b8c\u5584\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u7bc7\u8be6\u5c3d\u7ec6\u81f4\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u6211\u7528\u82f1\u8bed\u53e3\u6388\u7684\u4e00\u5c01\u4fe1\uff0c\u53e3\u6388\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u7684\u5408\u4f5c\u8005\u5e2e\u6211\u6539\u6389\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u9519\u8bef\u3002<\/p>\n<p align=\"right\">L\uff0e<\/p>\n<hr align=\"left\" size=\"1\" width=\"60%\">\n<p><a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marxists.org\/chinese\/trotsky\/1940book\/08.htm#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\"><sup>[1]<\/sup><\/a> 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name=\"_ftn3\"><sup>[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u683c\u4f2f\u4e4c\uff08\u0413\u041f\u0423\uff09\uff0c\u5168\u79f0\u201c\u56fd\u5bb6\u653f\u6cbb\u4fdd\u536b\u5c40\u201d\uff08 \u0413\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u041f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0423\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\uff09\uff0c\u5176\u524d\u8eab\u662f1917\u5e7412\u6708\u6210\u7acb\u7684\u201c\u8083\u6e05\u53cd\u9769\u547d\u5206\u5b50\u53ca\u7834\u574f\u5206\u5b50\u5168\u4fc4\u975e\u5e38\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\uff08\u0412\u0441\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0447\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0432\u044b\u0447\u0430\u0439\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0441\u0441\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e \u0431\u043e\u0440\u044c\u0431\u0435 \u0441 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439 \u0438 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