{"id":28589,"date":"2021-04-11T17:18:52","date_gmt":"2021-04-11T09:18:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/chinaworker.info\/?page_id=28589"},"modified":"2021-04-11T17:18:56","modified_gmt":"2021-04-11T09:18:56","slug":"%e8%87%b4%e7%ba%a6%e7%91%9f%e5%a4%ab%c2%b7%e6%b1%89%e6%a3%ae%ef%bc%881940%e5%b9%b41%e6%9c%885%e6%97%a5%ef%bc%89","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/chinaworker.info\/zh-hans\/28536-2\/%e8%87%b4%e7%ba%a6%e7%91%9f%e5%a4%ab%c2%b7%e6%b1%89%e6%a3%ae%ef%bc%881940%e5%b9%b41%e6%9c%885%e6%97%a5%ef%bc%89\/","title":{"rendered":"\u81f4\u7ea6\u745f\u592b\u00b7\u6c49\u68ee\uff081940\u5e741\u67085\u65e5\uff09"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"tdi_1\" class=\"tdc-zone\"><div class=\"tdc_zone tdi_2  wpb_row td-pb-row\"  >\n<style scoped>\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n.tdi_2{\r\n                    min-height: 0;\r\n                }\n<\/style><div id=\"tdi_3\" class=\"tdc-row\"><div class=\"vc_row tdi_4  wpb_row td-pb-row\" >\n<style scoped>\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n.tdi_4,\r\n                .tdi_4 .tdc-columns{\r\n                    min-height: 0;\r\n                }.tdi_4,\r\n\t\t\t\t.tdi_4 .tdc-columns{\r\n\t\t\t\t    display: block;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_4 .tdc-columns{\r\n\t\t\t\t    width: 100%;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_4:before,\r\n\t\t\t\t.tdi_4:after{\r\n\t\t\t\t    display: table;\r\n\t\t\t\t}\n\/* inline tdc_css att - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n\n.tdi_4{\nmargin-top:50px !important;\n}\n\n.tdi_4 .td_block_wrap{ text-align:left }\n\n<\/style><div class=\"vc_column tdi_6  wpb_column vc_column_container tdc-column td-pb-span8\">\n<style scoped>\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n.tdi_6{\r\n                    vertical-align: baseline;\r\n                }.tdi_6 > .wpb_wrapper,\r\n\t\t\t\t.tdi_6 > .wpb_wrapper > .tdc-elements{\r\n\t\t\t\t    display: block;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_6 > .wpb_wrapper > .tdc-elements{\r\n\t\t\t\t    width: 100%;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_6 > .wpb_wrapper > .vc_row_inner{\r\n\t\t\t\t    width: auto;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_6 > .wpb_wrapper{\r\n\t\t\t\t    width: auto;\r\n\t\t\t\t    height: auto;\r\n\t\t\t\t}\n<\/style><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\" ><div class=\"wpb_wrapper wpb_text_column td_block_wrap td_block_wrap vc_column_text tdi_7  tagdiv-type td-pb-border-top td_block_template_1\"  data-td-block-uid=\"tdi_7\" >\n<style>\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n.vc_column_text > .td-element-style{\r\n\t\t\t\t\tz-index: -1;\r\n\t\t\t\t}\n<\/style><div class=\"td-fix-index\"><h3 class=\"title1\" style=\"text-align: center;\">\u81f4\u7ea6\u745f\u592b\u00b7\u6c49\u68ee<\/h3>\n<p class=\"date\" style=\"text-align: center;\">\uff081940\u5e741\u67085\u65e5\uff09<\/p>\n<p>\u4eb2\u7231\u7684\u4e54\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u611f\u8c22\u4f60\u5bc4\u6765\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u6d88\u606f\u3002\u5728\u5fc5\u8981\u6216\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5409\u59c6\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d1\u8868\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6211\u4eec\u4e0e\u8d56\u7279\u4e4b\u95f4\u5173\u4e8e\u5206\u88c2\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u901a\u4fe1\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6709\u7740\u6fc0\u70c8\u7684\u6d3e\u522b\u6597\u4e89\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f9d\u7136\u5f3a\u70c8\u5e0c\u671b\u634d\u536b\u515a\u7684\u56e2\u7ed3\u3002\u6211\u5728\u7ed9\u8d56\u7279\u7684\u4fe1\u4e2d\u63d0\u5230\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u515a\u7684\u5e03\u5c14\u4ec0\u7ef4\u514b\u4e00\u7ffc\u6210\u4e3a\u5c11\u6570\u6d3e\uff0c\u4f9d\u6211\u4e4b\u89c1\uff0c\u4e5f\u5e94\u8be5\u9075\u5b88\u7eaa\u5f8b\uff0c\u5409\u59c6\u56de\u5e94\u9053\uff0c\u4ed6\u5168\u5fc3\u5168\u610f\u540c\u610f\u8fd9\u79cd\u89c1\u89e3\u3002\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5f15\u8ff0\u662f\u51b3\u5b9a\u6027\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5173\u4e8e\u6211\u5728\u8bba\u5c0f\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u53cd\u5bf9\u6d3e<a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marxists.org\/chinese\/trotsky\/1940book\/14.htm#_ftn1\" name=\"_ftnref1\"><sup>[1]<\/sup><\/a>\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\u5bf9\u82ac\u5170\u7684\u8bc4\u8bba\uff0c\u6211\u60f3\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u518d\u8bf4\u51e0\u53e5\u3002\u82ac\u5170\u548c\u6ce2\u5170\u4e4b\u95f4\u6709\u539f\u5219\u6027\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u5417\uff1f\u2014\u2014\u5230\u5e95\u6709\u6ca1\u6709\uff1f\u7ea2\u519b\u8fdb\u5165\u6ce2\u5170\u4f1a\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5f15\u6765\u4e00\u573a\u5185\u6218\uff1f\u2014\u2014\u5230\u5e95\u4f1a\u4e0d\u4f1a\uff1f\u5b5f\u4ec0\u7ef4\u514b\u4e0e\u5d29\u5f97<a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marxists.org\/chinese\/trotsky\/1940book\/14.htm#_ftn2\" name=\"_ftnref2\"><sup>[2]<\/sup><\/a>\u548c\u6ce2\u5170\u793e\u4f1a\u515a\u6d41\u4ea1\u8005\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u4e0d\u9519\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6d88\u606f\u4e5f\u633a\u7075\u901a\uff0c\u5728\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u62a5\u520a\u4e0a\u9762\uff0c\u5b5f\u4ec0\u7ef4\u514b\u516c\u5f00\u5ba3\u79f0\u7ea2\u519b\u6240\u5230\u4e4b\u5904\u90fd\u53d7\u5230\u4e86\u9769\u547d\u6d6a\u6f6e\u7684\u5305\u56f4\u2014\u2014\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5728\u6ce2\u5170\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u7f57\u9a6c\u5c3c\u4e9a\u4e5f\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u514b\u91cc\u59c6\u6797\u5bab\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u5e93\u897f\u5b81<a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marxists.org\/chinese\/trotsky\/1940book\/14.htm#_ftn3\" name=\"_ftnref3\"><sup>[3]<\/sup><\/a>\u653f\u5e9c\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u663e\u7136\u4f01\u56fe\u4ee5\u5185\u6218\u6765\u534f\u52a9\u5bf9\u82ac\u5170\u7684\u6218\u4e89\u3002\u6709\u6d88\u606f\u79f0\uff0c\u82ac\u5170\u7ea2\u519b\u6b63\u5728\u5f00\u59cb\u6210\u7acb\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u6d88\u606f\u79f0\uff0c\u82cf\u5360\u533a\u5185\u7684\u5927\u5730\u4ea7\u88ab\u6ca1\u6536\uff0c\u6fc0\u8d77\u4e86\u82ac\u5170\u8d2b\u519c\u7684\u201c\u70ed\u60c5\u201d\uff0c\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u4e0d\u662f\u5185\u6218\u7684\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u90a3\u53c8\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u5462\uff1f<\/p>\n<p>\u5185\u6218\u7684\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u53d1\u5c55\u5b8c\u5168\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u7ea2\u519b\u7684\u63a8\u8fdb\u3002\u5728\u523d\u5b50\u624b\u66fc\u7eb3\u6797<a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marxists.org\/chinese\/trotsky\/1940book\/14.htm#_ftn4\" name=\"_ftnref4\"><sup>[4]<\/sup><\/a>\u7684\u5200\u5251\u4e0b\uff0c\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u201c\u70ed\u60c5\u201d\u663e\u7136\u4e0d\u8db3\u4ee5\u4ea7\u751f\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u5de5\u519c\u66b4\u52a8\u3002\u7ea2\u519b\u7684\u64a4\u9000\u5fc5\u7136\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u521a\u521a\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u5185\u6218\u7684\u4e2d\u6b62\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u5e2e\u52a9\u82ac\u5170\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u6709\u6548\u5730\u4fdd\u536b\u4e86\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u653f\u6743\uff0c\u82ac\u5170\u5185\u6218\u5c31\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u4e0b\u4e00\u9636\u6bb5\u7206\u53d1\u3002\u4f46\u66f4\u53ef\u80fd\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u7ea2\u519b\u7684\u52a0\u5f3a\u90e8\u961f\u66f4\u6df1\u5165\u5730\u653b\u5165\u82ac\u5170\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u4e00\u5b9a\u4f1a\u770b\u89c1\u5185\u6218\u4f34\u968f\u7740\u7ea2\u519b\u7684\u8fdb\u653b\u800c\u51fa\u73b0\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u65e0\u6cd5\u9884\u6d4b\u51fa\u6240\u6709\u7684\u6218\u5c40\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u9884\u6d4b\u51fa\u7eaf\u6218\u672f\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u4e00\u65f6\u5f97\u5931\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4eec\u6539\u53d8\u4e0d\u4e86\u4e8b\u6001\u7684\u603b\u4f53\u201c\u6218\u7565\u201d\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4ef6\u4e8b\u60c5\u4e0a\uff0c\u53cd\u5bf9\u6d3e\u8fd8\u662f\u8ddf\u5176\u4ed6\u65f6\u5019\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u7528\u7eaf\u7cb9\u7a81\u53d1\u7684\u548c\u6d6e\u4e8e\u8868\u9762\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u4ee3\u66ff\u4e86\u539f\u5219\u6027\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\uff08\u82ac\u5170\u5185\u6218\u548c\u6ce2\u5170\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u4f1a\u5e26\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u6709\u9650\u7684\u3001\u534a\u53d7\u675f\u7f1a\u7684\u6027\u8d28\uff0c\u5728\u4e0b\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u5b83\u4f1a\u8f6c\u53d8\u6210\u82ac\u5170\u5927\u4f17\u4e0e\u83ab\u65af\u79d1\u5b98\u50da\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4e00\u573a\u5185\u6218\uff0c\u8fd9\u65e0\u9700\u8d58\u8ff0\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u81f3\u5c11\u5bf9\u6b64\u548c\u53cd\u5bf9\u6d3e\u4e00\u6837\u6e05\u695a\u77e5\u6653\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u516c\u5f00\u5411\u7fa4\u4f17\u53d1\u51fa\u8b66\u544a\u3002\u4f46\u6211\u4eec\u5206\u6790\u4e86\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u4e0d\u5c06\u7b2c\u4e00\u9636\u6bb5\u548c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u9636\u6bb5\u6df7\u6dc6\u3002\uff09<\/p>\n<p>\u5411\u6240\u6709\u7684\u670b\u53cb\u81f4\u4ee5\u6700\u8bda\u631a\u7684\u95ee\u5019\u548c\u795d\u798f\uff01<\/p>\n<div align=\"right\">\n<table border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: right;\">\u5217\u00b7\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa<br \/>\n\u79d1\u7ea6\u963f\u574eD.F.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<hr align=\"left\" size=\"1\" width=\"60%\" \/>\n<p><b>\u6ce8\u91ca<\/b><\/p>\n<p><a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marxists.org\/chinese\/trotsky\/1940book\/14.htm#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\"><sup>[1]<\/sup><\/a> \u5373\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u5199\u7684\u300a\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u5de5\u4eba\u515a\u5185\u7684\u5c0f\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u53cd\u5bf9\u6d3e\u300b\u3002\u2014\u2014\u8bd1\u8005<\/p>\n<p><a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marxists.org\/chinese\/trotsky\/1940book\/14.htm#_ftnref2\" name=\"_ftn2\"><sup>[2]<\/sup><\/a> \u5d29\u5f97\uff08Bund\uff0c\u5373\u201c\u540c\u76df\u201d\u4e4b\u610f\uff09\uff0c\u5168\u79f0\u201c\u7acb\u9676\u5b9b\u3001\u6ce2\u5170\u548c\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u72b9\u592a\u5de5\u4eba\u603b\u540c\u76df\u201d\uff0c\u6210\u7acb\u4e8e1897\u5e74\uff0c1898\u5e743\u6708\u5728\u4fc4\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u6c11\u4e3b\u5de5\u515a\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u4ee3\u8868\u5927\u4f1a\u4e0a\u52a0\u5165\u4fc4\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u6c11\u4e3b\u5de5\u515a\uff0c1903\u5e74\u4fc4\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u6c11\u4e3b\u5de5\u515a\u4e8c\u5927\u4e0a\u56e0\u5927\u4f1a\u5426\u51b3\u4e86\u5d29\u5f97\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u627f\u8ba4\u81ea\u5df1\u4e3a\u72b9\u592a\u65e0\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u552f\u4e00\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u800c\u9000\u51fa\u4fc4\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u6c11\u4e3b\u5de5\u515a\uff0c1906\u5e74\u7b2c\u56db\u6b21\u4ee3\u8868\u5927\u4f1a\u4e0a\u91cd\u65b0\u52a0\u5165\u4fc4\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u6c11\u4e3b\u5de5\u515a\u3002\u5d29\u5f97\u4e00\u76f4\u652f\u6301\u5b5f\u4ec0\u7ef4\u514b\uff0c\u53cd\u5bf9\u5e03\u5c14\u4ec0\u7ef4\u514b\u3002\u5341\u6708\u9769\u547d\u540e\uff0c\u5d29\u5f97\u7684\u4e0a\u5c42\u9886\u5bfc\u5206\u5b50\u5927\u591a\u5012\u5411\u53cd\u9769\u547d\u9635\u8425\uff0c\u800c\u666e\u901a\u7684\u5d29\u5f97\u5206\u5b50\u5219\u9010\u6e10\u8d8b\u5411\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c1921\u5e74\uff0c\u5d29\u5f97\u51b3\u5b9a\u89e3\u6563\uff0c\u6210\u5458\u5168\u90e8\u52a0\u5165\u4fc4\u56fd\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u3002<br \/>\n\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u540c\u5fd7\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u8bf4\u7684\u201c\u5d29\u5f97\u201d\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u6307\u6ce2\u5170\u5d29\u5f97\uff0c\u8be5\u7ec4\u7ec7\u539f\u662f\u5d29\u5f97\u7684\u6ce2\u5170\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c1917\u5e7412\u6708\u8131\u79bb\u5d29\u5f97\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u653f\u515a\u3002\u2014\u2014\u6821\u5bf9\u8005\u6ce8<\/p>\n<p><a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marxists.org\/chinese\/trotsky\/1940book\/14.htm#_ftnref3\" name=\"_ftn3\"><sup>[3]<\/sup><\/a> \u5e93\u897f\u5b81\uff08Otto Kuusinen 1881-1964\uff091918\u5e74\u82ac\u5170\u82cf\u7ef4\u57c3\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u6210\u5458\u3002\u82ac\u5170\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u7684\u521b\u5efa\u4eba\u3002\u5728\u65af\u5927\u6797\u7edf\u6cbb\u4e0b\u7684\u5171\u4ea7\u56fd\u9645\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u662f\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4eba\u7269\uff0c\u4efb\u5171\u4ea7\u56fd\u9645\u6267\u884c\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u4e3b\u5e2d\u56e2\u59d4\u5458\u3001\u4e66\u8bb0\u5904\u4e66\u8bb0\u517c\u4e1c\u65b9\u90e8\u90e8\u957f\u30021939\u5e74\u82cf\u8054\u5236\u9020\u7684\u201c\u82ac\u5170\u653f\u5e9c\u201d\u7684\u540d\u4e49\u9996\u8111\u30021940\u5e74-56\u5e74\uff0c\u5e93\u897f\u5b81\u4efb\u7d2f\u5229\u963f-\u82ac\u5170\u52a0\u76df\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u6700\u9ad8\u82cf\u7ef4\u57c3\u4e3b\u5e2d\u30021946\u5e74\u5e93\u897f\u5b81\u5f53\u9009\u4e3a\u82cf\u5171\u4e2d\u592e\u4e66\u8bb0\u5904\u4e66\u8bb0\uff0c\u5e76\u517c\u4efb\u82cf\u5171\u4e2d\u592e\u5ba3\u4f20\u90e8\u957f\u3002\u2014\u2014\u8bd1\u8005<\/p>\n<p><a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marxists.org\/chinese\/trotsky\/1940book\/14.htm#_ftnref4\" name=\"_ftn4\"><sup>[4]<\/sup><\/a> \u66fc\u7eb3\u6797\uff08Carl Gustaf Emil yon Mannerheim 1867\uff5e1951\uff09\u57281918\u5e74\u7684\u82ac\u5170\u5185\u6218\u4e2d\u662f\u53cd\u52a8\u52bf\u529b\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\uff0c\u540e\u5728\u82ac\u5170\u5b9e\u65bd\u767d\u8272\u6050\u6016\u30021939\u5e74\u82cf\u82ac\u6218\u4e89\u65f6\u4efb\u82ac\u519b\u603b\u53f8\u4ee4\u30021944\u5e74-46\u5e74\u4efb\u82ac\u5170\u603b\u7edf\u3002\u8fd9\u4f4d\u53cc\u624b\u6cbe\u6ee1\u4e86\u5de5\u519c\u9c9c\u8840\u7684\u523d\u5b50\u624b\u88ab\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u8a89\u4e3a\u201c\u82ac\u5170\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u6700\u6770\u51fa\u7684\u519b\u4e8b\u7edf\u5e05\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u9996\u8111\u201d\u3002\u2014\u2014\u8bd1\u8005<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vc_column tdi_9  wpb_column vc_column_container tdc-column td-pb-span4 td-is-sticky\">\n<style scoped>\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n\n\/* 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