{"id":12066,"date":"2016-03-11T12:00:39","date_gmt":"2016-03-11T04:00:45","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/chinaworker.info\/?p=12066"},"modified":"2020-03-11T23:57:32","modified_gmt":"2020-03-11T15:57:32","slug":"%e9%a9%ac%e5%85%8b%e6%80%9d%e4%b8%bb%e4%b9%89%e4%b8%8e%e7%8e%af%e5%a2%83-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chinaworker.info\/zh-hans\/2016\/03\/11\/12066\/","title":{"rendered":"\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e0e\u73af\u5883"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u6d3e\u745e\u514b\u00b7\u5a01\u65af\u7279\u5170\u5fb7\uff08Per-\u00c5ke Westerlund\uff09\u2500\u2500\u745e\u5178\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u6b63\u4e49\u515a<\/p>\n

\u5e38\u6709\u4eba\u9519\u8bef\u5730\u6307\u63a7\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u4e49\u5728\u8ffd\u6c42\u7f13\u89e3\u8d2b\u7a77\u4e0e\u9700\u6c42\u6240\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6210\u957f\u65f6\uff0c\u628a\u73af\u5883\u89c6\u4e3a\u7406\u6240\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u6ca1\u6709\u4ec0\u9ebd\u80fd\u6bd4\u8fd9\u79cd\u6307\u63a7\u66f4\u8fdc\u79bb\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e86\u3002\u900f\u8fc7\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u4e36\u6069\u683c\u65af\u7684\u7740\u4f5c\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4fc4\u56fd\u9769\u547d\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff0c\u6d3e\u745e\u514b\u00b7\u5a01\u65af\u7279\u5170\u5fb7\uff08\u745e\u5178\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u6b63\u4e49\u515a\u2014\u2014\u5de5\u4eba\u56fd\u9645\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u745e\u5178\u652f\u90e8\uff09\u8981\u7ea0\u6b63\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bf4\u6cd5\u3002\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u539f\u672c\u520a\u767b\u65bc\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u515a\uff08\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u66ff\u4ee3\u5728\u82f1\u56fd\u4e0e\u5a01\u5c14\u65af\u5730\u533a\u7684\u59ca\u59b9\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff09\u7684\u520a\u7269\u300a\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u4eca\u65e5\u300b(Socialism Today)\u7b2c194\u671f\uff1b2015\u5e7412\u6708\u66a82016\u5e741\u6708\u53f7\u520a\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u5728\u4e86\u89e3\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e0e\u81ea\u7136\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u5148\u4e86\u89e3\u5176\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u603b\u662f\u4ece\u6574\u4f53\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\u5f85\u4e16\u754c\u548c\u5176\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u7406\u89e3\u4ed6\u7684\u5206\u6790\u4e0e\u7eb2\u9886\u7684\u51fa\u53d1\u70b9\u3002\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u628a\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5728\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u5177\u8fdb\u6b65\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e4b\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff0c\u88ab\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u8bef\u89e3\u548c\u626d\u66f2\u4e86\u3002\u4e3e\u4f8b\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u7b2c\u56db\u56fd\u9645\u7edf\u4e00\u4e66\u8bb0\u5904\u7684\u7c73\u9ad8\u00b7\u6d1b\u4f0a\uff08Michael L\u00f6wy\uff09\u5199\u9053\uff1a\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u300c\u5bf9\u5de5\u4e1a\u6587\u660e\u62b1\u6301\u4e00\u79cd\u76f8\u5f53\u4e0d\u6279\u5224\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5728\u5b83\u4e0e\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u7834\u574f\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\u4e0a\u3002\u300d\u6d1b\u4f0a\u8fd8\u58f0\u79f0\u300c\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u5e76\u4e0d\u5177\u5907\u4e00\u4e2a\u6574\u4f53\u7684\u751f\u6001\u89c2\u70b9\u3002\u300d\uff08\u300a\u6279\u5224\u6027\u7684\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u4e49\u300b[For a Critical Marxism]\uff0c\u300a\u9006\u6d41\u300b[Against the Current] 1997\u5e7411\u6708\u66a812\u53f7\u520a\u3002\uff09<\/p>\n

\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u6240\u8a00\uff0c\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u8fdb\u6b65\u9762\u662f\u76f8\u5bf9\u5c01\u5efa\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u662f\u6682\u65f6\u6027\u7684\u3002\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6210\u5c31\u5728\u65bc\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u53ea\u4e3a\u4e86\u81ea\u6211\u7ec8\u7ed3\u4e36\u800c\u4e14\u8fd8\u4e3a\u4e86\u7ec8\u7ed3\u6574\u4e2a\u9636\u7ea7\u793e\u4f1a\u800c\u5960\u4e0b\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u3002\u5de5\u4eba\u9636\u7ea7\u5728\u8d2b\u519c\u7684\u652f\u6301\u4e0b\u593a\u6743\uff0c\u610f\u8c13\u7740\u793e\u4f1a\u5c06\u7531\u591a\u6570\u4eba\u6765\u7edf\u6cbb\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5f00\u542f\u4e00\u4e2a\u901a\u5411\u5d2d\u65b0\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u57281871\u5e74\u7684\u5df4\u9ece\u516c\u793e\u5de5\u4eba\u638c\u6743\u4e24\u4e2a\u6708\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u91cc\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u7684\u5c55\u671b\u662f\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7406\u89e3\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u8ddf\u634d\u536b\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f53\u7cfb\u662f\u4e24\u56de\u4e8b\u3002\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u6700\u65e9\u4e5f\u6700\u6df1\u523b\u5730\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u662f\u4e2a\u900f\u8fc7\u5269\u9980\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u4ea7\u751f\u5229\u6da6\u7684\u4f53\u7cfb\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u4e0e\u81ea\u7136\u529b\u90fd\u4e3a\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807\u800c\u53d7\u5230\u5229\u7528\u4e0e\u5f00\u53d1\u3002\u5de5\u4eba\u7684\u5065\u5eb7\u53d7\u5230\u5ffd\u7565\uff0c\u5bf9\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u4ea6\u7136\u3002\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u6e05\u695a\u5730\u770b\u89c1\u4e36\u5e76\u8b66\u544a\u8fc7\u6309\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u8981\u6c42\u6765\u5f62\u5851\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u5371\u9669\u6027\u3002\u6709\u4e9b\u6279\u8bc4\u4f1a\u8bf4\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u628a\u81ea\u7136\u770b\u6210\u4e00\u79cd\u514d\u8d39\u4e14\u65e0\u9650\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u7684\u4e3b\u5f20\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u5e95\u4e0b\u81ea\u7136\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4ed6\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u662f\u672a\u7ecf\u5f00\u53d1\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u540c\u6837\u5177\u6709\u4f7f\u7528\u4ef7\u503c\uff1a\u4f8b\u5982\u7a7a\u6c14\u4e36\u68ee\u6797\u548c\u9c7c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u7279\u522b\u6709\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u4f0a\u6bd4\u9e20\u9c81\uff08\u897f\u5143\u524d341\u2014270\u5e74\uff09\u7684\u975e\u673a\u68b0\u6027\u552f\u7269\u4e3b\u4e49\u4ee5\u53ca\u9ed1\u683c\u5c14\uff081770\u5e74\u20141831\u5e74\uff09\u7684\u8fa9\u8bc1\u6cd5\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u53d1\u5c55\u4e86\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\uff1a\u552f\u7269\u8fa9\u8bc1\u6cd5\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4e2a\u4e86\u4e0d\u8d77\u7684\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u89c2\uff0c\u4e0e\u65f6\u4ee3\u5b8c\u7f8e\u5951\u5408\u3002\u90a3\u4e2a\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u6cd5\u56fd\u5927\u9769\u547d\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u7269\u8d28\u57fa\u7840\uff08\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u7ecf\u6d4e\u793e\u4f1a\u53d6\u4ee3\u5c01\u5efa\u4e3b\u4e49\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u9769\u547d\u7fa4\u4f17\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u5730\u884c\u52a8\u7684\u5171\u540c\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5f53\u65f6\uff0c\u5728\u6240\u6709\u4e0e\u8fc7\u53bb\u5b97\u6559\u51b3\u88c2\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u4e2d\uff0c\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\u662f\u6700\u9ad8\u5ea6\u53d1\u8fbe\u8005\u3002\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u4e49\u8ddf\u53e4\u5178\u552f\u7269\u4e3b\u4e49\u90fd\u660e\u767d\u4e16\u754c\u4f1a\u4e0d\u65ad\u53d8\u52a8\u4e36\u751a\u81f3\u6709\u7ed3\u675f\u7684\u4e00\u5929\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u628a\u5730\u7403\u770b\u4f5c\u6c38\u6052\u7684\u4e07\u7269\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4e36\u628a\u4eba\u7c7b\u770b\u4f5c\u5730\u7403\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff1b\u751f\u547d\u662f\u5730\u7403\uff08\u81ea\u7136\uff09\u800c\u975e\u795e\u660e\u7684\u4ea7\u7269\uff1b\u4eba\u7c7b\u662f\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u4efd\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u81ea\u5916\u65bc\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u540c\u6837\u5730\uff0c\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u5e76\u672a\u628a\u5386\u53f2\u533a\u5206\u4e3a\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u628a\u5b83\u4eec\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e00\u4f53\u3002\u8fa9\u8bc1\u7684\u89c4\u5f8b\u540c\u65f6\u9002\u7528\u65bc\u81ea\u7136\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u4f1a\u4e92\u6362\u4e36\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u7528\u7684\u662f\u300c\u65b0\u9648\u4ee3\u8c22\uff08metabolism\uff09\u300d\u4e00\u8bcd\uff1a\u610f\u6307\u8ba9\u5404\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u73af\u73af\u76f8\u6263\u4e36\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4f53\u7684\u4e00\u9053\u9501\u70bc\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u6307\u51fa\u57ce\u4e61\u7684\u65e5\u76ca\u5206\u5316\u662f\u6b64\u4e00\u65b0\u9648\u4ee3\u8c22\u7684\u65ad\u70b9\uff0c\u300a\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u7684\u751f\u6001\u5b66\u300b(Marx\u2019s Ecology)\u8fd9\u672c\u6709\u76ca\u8bfb\u7269\u7684\u4f5c\u8005\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u8d1d\u62c9\u7c73\u00b7\u798f\u65af\u7279\uff08John Bellamy Foster\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u300c\u7269\u8d28\u53d8\u6362\u88c2\u7f1d\u300d(metabolic rift)\u7684\u672f\u8bed\u6765\u603b\u7ed3\u4e0a\u8ff0\u8bba\u70b9\u3002\u57281894\u5e74\u4e36\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u53bb\u4e16\uff081883\u5e74\uff09\u5f8c\u624d\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u300a\u8d44\u672c\u8bba\u300b\u7b2c\u4e09\u5377\u91cc\uff0c\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u628a\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e3a\u751f\u547d\u81ea\u7136\u89c4\u5f8b\u7684\u88c2\u7f1d\uff1a\u300c\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5927\u571f\u5730\u6240\u6709\u5236\u4f7f\u519c\u4e1a\u4eba\u53e3\u51cf\u5c11\u5230\u4e0d\u65ad\u4e0b\u964d\u7684\u6700\u4f4e\u9650\u5ea6\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5bf9\u9762\uff0c\u5219\u9020\u6210\u4e0d\u65ad\u589e\u957f\u7684\u62e5\u6324\u5728\u5927\u57ce\u5e02\u4e2d\u7684\u5de5\u4e1a\u4eba\u53e3\u3002\u7531\u6b64\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u5404\u79cd\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6761\u4ef6\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u4ee5\u53ca\u7531\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u89c4\u5f8b\u51b3\u5b9a\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u53d8\u6362\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u9020\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u65e0\u6cd5\u5f25\u8865\u7684\u88c2\u7f1d\u3002\u300d<\/p>\n

\u6839\u636e\u5173\u65bc\u571f\u58e4\u957f\u671f\u9000\u5316\u4e36\u4ee5\u53ca\u5316\u80a5\u5728\u519c\u4e1a\u4e2d\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\uff0c\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u5199\u9053\uff1a\u300c\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u519c\u4e1a\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u8fdb\u6b65\uff0c\u90fd\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u63a0\u593a\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u7684\u6280\u5de7\u7684\u8fdb\u6b65\u800c\u4e14\u662f\u63a0\u593a\u571f\u5730\u7684\u6280\u5de7\u7684\u8fdb\u6b65\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u65f6\u671f\u5185\u63d0\u9ad8\u571f\u5730\u80a5\u529b\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u8fdb\u6b65\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u662f\u7834\u574f\u571f\u5730\u80a5\u529b\u6301\u4e45\u6e90\u6cc9\u7684\u8fdb\u6b65\u3002\u300d<\/p>\n

\u4ed6\u89e3\u91ca\u9053\uff1a\u300c\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u751f\u4ea7\u4f7f\u5b83\u6c47\u96c6\u5728\u5404\u5927\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\u4eba\u53e3\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u5360\u4f18\u52bf\u2026\u2026\u7834\u574f\u7740\u4eba\u548c\u571f\u5730\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u53d8\u6362\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u4f7f\u4eba\u4ee5\u8863\u98df\u5f62\u5f0f\u6d88\u8d39\u6389\u7684\u571f\u5730\u7684\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\u4e0d\u80fd\u56de\u5230\u571f\u5730\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u7834\u574f\u571f\u5730\u6301\u4e45\u80a5\u529b\u7684\u6c38\u6052\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u6761\u4ef6\u3002\u300d\u7ee7\u800c\uff1a\u300c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u751f\u4ea7\u53d1\u5c55\u4e86\u793e\u4f1a\u751f\u4ea7\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u6280\u672f\u548c\u7ed3\u5408\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u7531\u65bc\u5b83\u540c\u65f6\u7834\u574f\u4e86\u4e00\u5207\u8d22\u5bcc\u7684\u6e90\u6cc9\u2014\u2014\u571f\u5730\u548c\u5de5\u4eba\u3002\u300d\uff08\u300a\u8d44\u672c\u8bba\u300b\u7b2c\u4e00\u5377\uff0c1867\u5e74\uff09\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u4ee5\u5177\u6709\u8fdc\u89c1\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\uff0c\u8b66\u544a\u4e86\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u4e0d\u65ad\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u5c06\u4f1a\u589e\u52a0\u300c\u6bc1\u706d\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6069\u683c\u65af\u5728\u603b\u7ed3\u4eba\u7c7b\u5bf9\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e36\u4ee5\u53ca\u4eba\u7c7b\u5e08\u6cd5\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u9700\u8981\u65f6\u8bf4\u9053\uff1a\u300c\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u65f6\u65f6\u8bb0\u4f4f\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u7edf\u6cbb\u81ea\u7136\u754c\uff0c\u51b3\u4e0d\u50cf\u5f81\u670d\u8005\u7edf\u6cbb\u5f02\u6c11\u65cf\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u51b3\u4e0d\u50cf\u7ad9\u5728\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u4eba\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u2014\u2014\u76f8\u53cd\u5730\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8fde\u540c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u8089\u4e36\u8840\u548c\u5934\u8111\u90fd\u662f\u5c5e\u65bc\u81ea\u7136\u754c\uff0c\u5b58\u5728\u65bc\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u7684\uff1b\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u7684\u6574\u4e2a\u7edf\u6cbb\uff0c\u662f\u5728\u65bc\u6211\u4eec\u6bd4\u5176\u4ed6\u4e00\u5207\u52a8\u7269\u5f3a\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u8ba4\u8bc6\u548c\u6b63\u786e\u8fd0\u7528\u81ea\u7136\u89c4\u5f8b\u3002 \u300d\uff08\u300a\u52b3\u52a8\u5728\u4ece\u733f\u5230\u4eba\u8f6c\u53d8\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u300b\uff0c1876\u5e74\uff09<\/p>\n

\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u8bba\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u4e5f\u88ab\u6307\u63a7\u4e3a\u5bf9\u672a\u6765\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u793e\u4f1a\u6ca1\u6709\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u4e3a\u7cbe\u786e\u7684\u84dd\u56fe\uff0c\u8fd9\u7c7b\u6279\u8bc4\u8005\u76f8\u4fe1\u4ed6\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u610f\u8c13\u7740\u5de5\u4eba\u9636\u7ea7\u593a\u6743\uff0c\u800c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e36\u751f\u4ea7\u4e0e\u5bf9\u5f85\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u90fd\u4f1a\u8ddf\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\u4e00\u6a21\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u786e\u5b9e\uff0c\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u4e0e\u6069\u683c\u65af\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u50cf\u90a3\u4e9b\u4e4c\u6258\u90a6\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u4e00\u6837\u7ec6\u7ec6\u7f16\u9020\u7406\u60f3\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u8ba1\u5212\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0d\u8868\u793a\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5bf9\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e36\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e24\u8005\u4e4b\u5dee\u7684\u53d9\u8ff0\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u548c\u6069\u683c\u65af\u7eaa\u5f55\u4e86\u5de5\u4eba\u4e36\u519c\u6c11\u4e36\u81ea\u7136\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u66ff\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u751f\u4ea7\u6240\u4ed8\u51fa\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u4ee3\u4ef7\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u652f\u6301\u4ee5\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u6240\u8c13\u300c\u5408\u4f5c\u751f\u4ea7\u300d\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5168\u9762\u9769\u65b0\u751f\u4ea7\u3002\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u65e0\u653f\u5e9c\u4f53\u7cfb\u4f1a\u88ab\u793e\u4f1a\u5bf9\u751f\u4ea7\u4e36\u5206\u914d\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u4e0e\u6240\u6709\u6743\u6240\u53d6\u4ee3\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u88ab\u6536\u7f16\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u8ba1\u5212\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u90a3\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u9884\u8a00\u5230\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u5c06\u662f\u4e2a\u4ea7\u80fd\u5927\u589e\u4e36\u8d44\u6e90\u4f18\u6e25\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c\u8fd9\u53c8\u8be5\u600e\u9ebd\u8bf4\u5462\uff1f\u8fd9\u4ee3\u8868\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u73af\u5883\u6d69\u52ab\u5417\uff1f\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u5728\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\u6216\u73b0\u4ee3\uff0c\u7ed9\u4e88\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f53\u9762\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u90fd\u662f\u8feb\u5207\u7684\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u7cae\u98df\u751f\u4ea7\u4e36\u4f4f\u623f\u4f9b\u5e94\u4e36\u5065\u5eb7\u7167\u62a4\u4e36\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u73b0\u4ee3\u79d1\u6280\u7684\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5747\u5300\u6563\u64ad\u3002\u57281800\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5fc5\u9700\u54c1\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u5c31\u5df2\u7ecf\u80fd\u9760\u727a\u7272\u6b66\u5668\u4e36\u5962\u4f88\u54c1\u7b49\u751f\u4ea7\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5b9e\u73b0\uff1b\u5728\u5927\u91cf\u8d44\u6e90\u88ab\u6700\u9876\u5c421%\u4eba\u58eb\u7684\u519b\u6b66\u5f00\u9500\u4e36\u5962\u4f88\u54c1\u6d88\u8d39\u6240\u6d6a\u8d39\u7684\u4eca\u65e5\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u60c5\u51b5\u66f4\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u300a\u54e5\u8fbe\u7eb2\u9886\u6279\u5224\u300b\u53ca\u300a\u8d44\u672c\u8bba\u300b\u91cc\uff0c\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86\u5728\u4e2a\u4eba\u6d88\u8d39\u4e0e\u5fc5\u987b\u589e\u52a0\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u6d88\u8d39\u4e4b\u95f4\u53d6\u5f97\u8d44\u6e90\u5e73\u8861\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u817e\u51fa\u8d44\u6e90\u4f5c\u6295\u8d44\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u50a8\u5907\u7528\u9014\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u6027\u3002\u8fd9\u4e5f\u5305\u62ec\u5728\uff08\u5e94\u8be5\u88ab\u7f29\u77ed\u7684\uff09\u5de5\u4f5c\u65f6\u95f4\u4ee5\u53ca\u4f11\u95f2\u65f6\u95f4\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5e73\u8861\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u90fd\u4f1a\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e36\u90fd\u4f1a\u53d1\u5c55\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6280\u5de7\u4e0e\u667a\u8bc6\uff0c\u4e5f\u90fd\u4f1a\u6709\u65f6\u95f4\u53c2\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u8fd0\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u4e2a\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u793e\u4f1a\u5c06\u6253\u7834\u5f02\u5316\uff0c\u5e76\u5141\u8bb8\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u6446\u8131\u96c7\u4f63\u52b3\u52a8\u4e0e\u8d44\u672c\u7684\u675f\u7f1a\u800c\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u8fd9\u5c06\u610f\u8c13\u7740\u300c\u4eba\u540c\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u7684\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u7684\u7edf\u4e00\uff0c\u662f\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u7684\u771f\u6b63\u590d\u6d3b\uff0c\u662f\u4eba\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u7684\u4eba\u9053\u4e3b\u4e49\u3002\u300d\uff08\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u300a1844\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u54f2\u5b66\u624b\u7a3f\u300b\uff09\u3002\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u9769\u547d\u89e3\u653e\u7684\u4e0d\u6b62\u5de5\u4eba\u4e0e\u4eba\u7c7b\uff0c\u8fd8\u5305\u62ec\u81ea\u7136\u3002\u5728\u571f\u5730\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u6240\u6709\u5236\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u5c06\u4e0d\u518d\u662f\u4e2a\u7528\u65bc\u725f\u5229\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u300a\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u5ba3\u8a00\u300b\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u7eb2\u9886\u91cc\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u5173\u65bc\u73af\u5883\u7684\u5173\u952e\u8bc9\u6c42\u81f3\u4eca\u770b\u6765\u4ecd\u7136\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u4e3e\u4f8b\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u8bc9\u6c421\uff1a\u300c\u5265\u593a\u5730\u4ea7\uff0c\u628a\u5730\u79df\u7528\u65bc\u56fd\u5bb6\u652f\u51fa\u3002\u300d\u8fd9\u5c31\u80fd\u5e94\u7528\u5728\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u53cd\u5bf9\u5371\u9669\u7684\u91c7\u77ff\u4e1a\u4e36\u94bb\u6cb9\u4e1a\u4e0e\u6c34\u529b\u538b\u88c2\u6280\u672f\u4e0a\u3002\u8bc9\u6c42\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u90e8\u4efd\u5f3a\u8c03\u571f\u5730\u6536\u5165\u5fc5\u987b\u4ea4\u7531\u516c\u90e8\u95e8\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u8bc9\u6c426\u8c08\u5230\u5904\u7406\u4ea4\u901a\u8fd0\u8f93\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u6027\uff1a\u300c\u628a\u5168\u90e8\u8fd0\u8f93\u4e1a\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u56fd\u5bb6\u624b\u91cc\u3002\u300d<\/p>\n

\u8bc9\u6c427\u5bf9\u73af\u5883\u8bae\u9898\u4e5f\u6709\u7740\u91cd\u8981\u542f\u793a\uff1a\u300c\u6309\u7167\u603b\u7684\u8ba1\u5212\u589e\u52a0\u56fd\u8425\u5de5\u5382\u548c\u751f\u4ea7\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u5f00\u57a6\u8352\u5730\u548c\u6539\u826f\u571f\u58e4\u3002\u300d\u4e3a\u4e86\u7167\u987e\u5e76\u6539\u826f\u571f\u5730\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u603b\u7684\u8ba1\u5212\u662f\u5960\u57fa\u65bc\u603b\u4f53\u6240\u6709\u5236\u800c\u975e\u79c1\u4eba\u5265\u524a\u8005\u3002\u603b\u800c\u8a00\u4e4b\uff1a\u8981\u6539\u53d8\u793e\u4f1a\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u65b9\u5411\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5176\u5bf9\u5f85\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e2a\u5173\u65bc\u6240\u6709\u5236\u4e36\u6743\u529b\u4e0e\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n

\"phil-douglis_marx-grave2\"<\/a><\/p>\n

\u5e03\u5c14\u4ec0\u7ef4\u514b\u5148\u950b\u4eec<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u4fc4\u56fd\u4e0e\u53d7\u6c99\u7687\u538b\u8feb\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u5de5\u4eba\u9636\u7ea7\u57281917\u5e7410\u6708\u593a\u6743\u3002\u4e0e\u4eca\u65e5\u5bf9\u5e03\u5c14\u4ec0\u7ef4\u514b\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u8bcb\u6bc1\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5b83\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u5404\u9886\u57df\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u90fd\u6709\u9769\u547d\u6027\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5b83\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7981\u6b62\u79cd\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e0e\u53cd\u72b9\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\uff1b\u4ea6\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c06\u5815\u80ce\u4e36\u79bb\u5a5a\u4e0e\u540c\u6027\u604b\u9664\u7f6a\u5316\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u3002\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u9053\u7406\uff0c\u5217\u5b81\u4e0e\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u9886\u5bfc\u4e0b\u7684\u5e03\u5c14\u4ec0\u7ef4\u514b\u5728\u6fc0\u8fdb\u7684\u73af\u5883\u653f\u7b56\u4e0a\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u9a6c\u5f53\u5148\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u9769\u547d\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u4fc4\u56fd\u5728\u5305\u62ec\u73af\u5883\u8303\u7574\u5728\u5185\u7684\u5f88\u591a\u65b9\u9762\u90fd\u662f\u4e2a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u843d\u5f8c\u56fd\u5bb6\uff1a\u300c\u7f57\u66fc\u8bfa\u592b\u738b\u671d\u65f6\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u6ca1\u529e\u6cd5\u8bf4\u670d\u653f\u5e9c\u5b98\u5458\u4e36\u5546\u4eba\u4e36\u751a\u81f3\u4ed6\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u540c\u4e8b\u53bb\u91c7\u7528\u73b0\u4ee3\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u7ba1\u7406\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u4fdd\u62a4\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8d44\u6e90\u5bf9\u73b0\u5728\u4e0e\u672a\u6765\u4e16\u4ee3\u7684\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u2026\u2026\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8ba1\u5212\u5927\u90fd\u5fc5\u987b\u8981\u7b49\u5230\u4fc4\u56fd\u9769\u547d\u5f8c\u624d\u6d3e\u4e0a\u7528\u573a\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6c99\u7687\u653f\u5e9c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u592a\u8d35\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u89c9\u5f97\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u3002\u300d\uff08\u300a\u4fc4\u56fd\u7684\u73af\u5883\u53f2\u9009\u96c6\u300b[An Environmental History of Russia]\uff0c\u5251\u6865\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\uff0c2013\u5e74\u3002\uff09<\/p>\n

\u5e03\u5c14\u4ec0\u7ef4\u514b\u9886\u5bfc\u4e0b\u7684\u5de5\u4eba\u9636\u7ea7\uff0c\u63a5\u7ba1\u7684\u662f\u4e2a\u5728\u88ab\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u6363\u6bc1\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u63a5\u7740\u53c8\u8981\u9762\u5bf9\u654c\u519b\u4fb5\u7565\u8005\u4e0e\u524d\u6c99\u7687\u519b\u5b98\u7684\u519b\u4e8b\u9a9a\u6270\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u65b0\u653f\u5e9c\u5f88\u5feb\u5c31\u5bf9\u73af\u5883\u8bae\u9898\u4f5c\u51fa\u53cd\u5e94\u3002\u5c31\u5728\u638c\u6743\u4e24\u5929\u5f8c\uff0c\u300c\u5173\u65bc\u571f\u5730\u95ee\u9898\u300d\u7684\u6cd5\u4ee4\u5c31\u628a\u6240\u6709\u68ee\u6797\u4e36\u77ff\u4ea7\u4e0e\u6c34\u6e90\u56fd\u6709\u5316\u3002\u534a\u5e74\u5f8c\u76841918\u5e745\u6708\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u6cd5\u4ee4\u300c\u5173\u65bc\u68ee\u6797\u95ee\u9898\u300d\u5c31\u628a\u9020\u6797\u4e0e\u68ee\u6797\u4fdd\u80b2\u7f6e\u65bc\u4e2d\u592e\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u4e4b\u4e0b\u3002\u68ee\u6797\u88ab\u5206\u6210\u4e24\u7c7b\uff1a\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u7c7b\u88ab\u4fdd\u62a4\u7740\u514d\u65bc\u5f00\u53d1\uff1b\u8fd9\u70b9\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u8bb8\u591a\u68ee\u6797\u90fd\u5728\u6c99\u7687\u7edf\u6cbb\u65f6\u4ee3\u906d\u5230\u7686\u4f10\u3002\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u9053\u7406\uff0c\u72e9\u730e\u53d7\u5230\u7ba1\u5236\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u53ea\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u5b63\u8282\u5f00\u653e\uff1a\u300c\u4ee4\u4eba\u60ca\u8bb6\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4fc4\u56fd\u9769\u547d\u786e\u7acb\u4e86\u73b0\u4ee3\u6d77\u6d0b\u5b66\u4e0e\u5185\u9646\u6e14\u4e1a\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u300d\uff08\u300a\u73af\u5883\u53f2\u300b\uff09<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u662f\u5728\u6781\u7aef\u6df7\u4e71\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\uff1a\u300c\u5728\u6df7\u4e71\u7684\u5185\u6218\u4e0e\u6218\u65f6\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u5e03\u5c14\u4ec0\u7ef4\u514b\u653f\u5e9c\u6210\u529f\u5730\u4e3a\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u4eec\u63d0\u4f9b\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e5f\u5305\u62ec\u8015\u8018\u73af\u5883\u8bae\u9898\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u4eec\u3002\u800c\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u5219\u5728\u6b64\u652f\u6301\u4e0b\uff0c\u62d3\u5c55\u4e86\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u73af\u5883\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002\u300d\u57281920\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u5217\u5b81\u53c2\u4e0e\u4e86\u4e16\u4e0a\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7531\u56fd\u5bb6\u8d44\u52a9\u5e76\u4e14\u4ec5\u4f9b\u79d1\u5b66\u7528\u9014\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u4fdd\u80b2\u533a\u7684\u6210\u7acb\uff1aIl\u2019menskii\u3002\u5230\u4e861924\u5e74\uff0c\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u4fdd\u80b2\u533a\uff08zapovedniks\uff09\u5171\u67094\u4e2a\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u65b0\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u673a\u6784\u4e5f\u90fd\u6210\u7acb\uff0c\u4fc4\u56fd\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u9876\u5c16\u7684\u751f\u6001\u5b66\u8005\uff0c\u751f\u6001\u8bfe\u7a0b\u5f00\u59cb\u5728\u83ab\u65af\u79d1\u5927\u5b66\u6388\u8bfe\u3002\u5f17\u00b7\u7ef4\u5c14\u7eb3\u8328\u57fa\uff08Vladimir Vernadsky\uff09\u56e0\u4e3a\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u300c\u4eba\u7c7b\u5708\u300d\uff08noosphere\uff09\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u800c\u95fb\u540d\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u610f\u601d\u662f\uff1a\u300c\u300e\u751f\u7269\u5708\u300f\u7684\u5d2d\u65b0\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\u626e\u6f14\u7740\u6539\u53d8\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u79ef\u6781\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u53d1\u52a8\u7684\u6539\u53d8\u662f\u5960\u57fa\u5728\u7537\u7537\u5973\u5973\u5bf9\u65bc\u81ea\u7136\u4e07\u7269\u4e92\u76f8\u8054\u7ed3\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\u4e0a\u3002\u300d\uff08\u300a\u73af\u5883\u53f2\u300b\uff09<\/p>\n

\u9769\u547d\u4ee4\u73af\u5883\u56e2\u4f53\u5927\u91cf\u5192\u8d77\uff0c\u800c\u5e03\u5c14\u4ec0\u7ef4\u514b\u9f13\u52b1\u5e76\u62e5\u62b1\u7740\u6b64\u4e00\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u5728\u5730\u77e5\u8bc6\u4e2d\u592e\u7814\u7a76\u5c40\uff08TsBK, Central Bureau for Study of Local Lore\uff09\u57282,270\u4e2a\u652f\u90e8\u6709\u77407\u4e07\u540d\u6210\u5458\u3002\u540c\u6837\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u8fd8\u6709\u5168\u4fc4\u81ea\u7136\u4fdd\u80b2\u4f1a\uff08VOOP, All-Russian Society for the Protection of Nature\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6d3b\u8dc3\u5206\u5b50\u4e0e\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u53d1\u884c\u6742\u5fd7\uff08\u6bd4\u65b9\u8bf4\u300a\u751f\u6001\u5b66\u4e0e\u751f\u7269\u7fa4\u843d\u5b66\u95ee\u9898\u300b[Problems of Ecology and Biocenology)\uff09\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e5f\u4e3e\u529e\u4f1a\u8bae\u8ddf\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5728\u5730\u7814\u7a76\u5c0f\u7ec4\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u63d0\u5347\u519c\u6751\u5730\u533a\u5bf9\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u5174\u8da3\u3002\u5728\u5e03\u5c14\u4ec0\u7ef4\u514b\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u5708\u5185\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5a1c\u00b7\u514b\u9c81\u666e\u65af\u5361\u5a05\uff08Nadezhda Krupskaya\uff09\u7b49\u4eba\u5728\u63a2\u8ba8\u5982\u4f55\u6539\u8fdb\u57ce\u4e61\u7684\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u63a8\u8bba\u51fa\u4e86\u66f4\u591a\u516c\u56ed\u4e0e\u7eff\u5730\u7684\u7eff\u8272\u57ce\u5e02\u6784\u60f3\u3002<\/p>\n

\u60dc\u5219\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9769\u547d\u6027\u7684\u4e3b\u5f20\u90fd\u88ab\u5192\u7136\u6253\u65ad\u4e86\u3002\u5728\u53f2\u8fbe\u6797\u4e3b\u4e49\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u53ca\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u53cd\u9769\u547d\u5f53\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e5f\u5305\u62ec\u4e86\u73af\u5883\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u53cd\u9769\u547d\uff1a\u300c\u5728\u4fc4\u56fd\u9769\u547d\u5f8c\uff0c\u65b0\u751f\u7684\u751f\u6001\u79d1\u5b66\u57281920\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u52a8\u8361\u4e0e\u653f\u6cbb\u8bd5\u9a8c\u4e2d\u5feb\u901f\u6269\u5f20\u3002\u5b98\u5458\u4e36\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e0e\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\u5fd9\u65bc\u4e00\u9879\u96c4\u5fc3\u52c3\u52c3\u7684\u5168\u56fd\u7535\u6c14\u5316\u8ba1\u5212\u2026\u2026\u300d\u7136\u5f8c\u53f2\u8fbe\u6797\u593a\u6743\u5f8c\uff0c\u4ed6\u641c\u6355\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u300c\u7834\u574f\u4efd\u5b50\u300d\uff1a\u300c\u5305\u62ec\u5168\u56fd\u6700\u80fd\u5e72\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e36\u6797\u4e1a\u4e13\u5bb6\u4e36\u6e14\u4e1a\u4e13\u5bb6\u4e36\u519c\u4e1a\u4e13\u5bb6\u4e0e\u751f\u6001\u5b66\u5bb6\u3002\u300d\uff08\u300a\u73af\u5883\u53f2\u300b\uff09<\/p>\n

\u53f2\u8fbe\u6797\u5bf9\u4e0a\u81ea\u7136<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u8bb8\u591a\u4e16\u4e0a\u6700\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u73af\u5883\u6d69\u52ab\u90fd\u5728\u53f2\u8fbe\u6797\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u7edf\u6cbb\u4e0b\u7206\u53d1\uff1a\u4f4d\u65bc\u54c8\u8428\u514b\u4e0e\u4e4c\u5179\u522b\u514b\u4ea4\u754c\u5904\u7684\u54b8\u6d77\u906d\u5230\u7834\u574f\uff1b\u4e4c\u514b\u5170\u8f66\u8bfa\u6bd4\u53d1\u751f\u6838\u707e\uff1b\u8fd8\u6709\u6570\u5ea7\u57ce\u5e02\u88ab\u6c61\u67d3\u6bc1\u706d\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u53d1\u751f\u7684\uff1f\u5176\u4e2d\u53c8\u662f\u5426\u4e0e\u5e03\u5c14\u4ec0\u7ef4\u514b\u8ddf\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u5173\u8054\u5462\uff1f<\/p>\n

\u5173\u8054\u5c31\u5728\u65bc\uff1a\u53f2\u8fbe\u6797\u653f\u6743\u8c0b\u6740\u5e76\u6467\u6bc1\u4e86\u66fe\u57281917\u5e74\u9886\u5bfc\u9769\u547d\u7684\u5e03\u5c14\u4ec0\u7ef4\u514b\u515a\u3002\u8fd9\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5468\u8fb9\u5176\u4ed6\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u9769\u547d\u90fd\u906d\u5230\u51fb\u6e83\uff0c\u800c\u4fc4\u56fd\u53c8\u8981\u9762\u5bf9\u5176\u672c\u8eab\u5728\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e0a\u4e36\u6587\u5316\u4e0a\u843d\u5f8c\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u6b64\u4e00\u60c5\u51b5\u66f4\u968f\u4e00\u6218\u4e0e\u5185\u6218\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u7834\u574f\u800c\u6076\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5f53\u53f2\u8fbe\u6797\u653f\u6743\u5d1b\u8d77\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u9664\u4e86\u638c\u6743\u4e4b\u5916\u6ca1\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u53ef\u8a00\u3002\u4e3a\u6b64\uff0c\u53f2\u8fbe\u6797\u5fc5\u987b\u4fdd\u7559\u9769\u547d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6839\u672c\u6210\u5c31\uff1a\u56fd\u6709\u5316\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u53f2\u8fbe\u6797\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5b98\u50da\u90fd\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u8fd9\u4e0a\u9762\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6b8b\u66b4\u7684\u4e13\u5236\u653f\u6743\u53ef\u80fd\u56e0\u6b64\u88ab\u9519\u8ba4\u662f\u9769\u547d\u7684\u7ee7\u627f\u8005\uff0c\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5b83\u65e2\u975e\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u4ea6\u975e\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u3002\u53f2\u8fbe\u6797\u5728\u73af\u5883\u8bae\u9898\u4e0a\u5927\u56de\u8f6c\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u653f\u6743\u5f3a\u5236\u5b9e\u73b0\u519c\u4e1a\u96c6\u4f53\u5316\u4e36\u5e9f\u9664\u4fdd\u80b2\u533a\u7684\u4fdd\u80b2\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u91cd\u65b0\u542f\u52a8\u68ee\u6797\u7686\u4f10\u3002<\/p>\n

\u53f2\u8fbe\u6797\u4e3b\u4e49\u4ee5\u6b8b\u66b4\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5bf9\u5f85\u4efb\u4f55\u5f02\u8bae\u8005\uff1a\u300c\u902e\u6355\u4e36\u5ba1\u8baf\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u7528\u5211\u6c42\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u53d6\u5f97\u4f2a\u53e3\u4f9b\u4e0e\u4f2a\u8bc1\u8bcd\uff0c\u52a0\u4e0a\u5bf9\u5305\u62ec\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u5728\u5185\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u770b\u4f3c\u53cd\u5bf9\u53f2\u8fbe\u6797\u8ba1\u5212\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u4ee5\u532a\u8c0d\u4e36\u98a0\u8986\u4e0e\u8bcb\u6bc1\u82cf\u8054\u7b49\u540d\u4e49\u8d77\u8bc9\u3002\u300d\u5728\u5730\u77e5\u8bc6\u4e2d\u592e\u7814\u7a76\u5c40\u548c\u5168\u4fc4\u81ea\u7136\u4fdd\u80b2\u4f1a\u90fd\u88ab\u6e05\u6d17\u6b86\u5c3d\uff0c\u4e13\u5236\u653f\u6743\u300c\u4ee4\u72ec\u7acb\u4e14\u7406\u6027\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u8fd1\u4e4e\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u300d\uff08\u300a\u73af\u5883\u53f2\u300b\uff09<\/p>\n

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