{"id":24702,"date":"2020-08-20T19:27:13","date_gmt":"2020-08-20T11:27:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/chinaworker.info\/?p=24702"},"modified":"2021-03-19T09:24:44","modified_gmt":"2021-03-19T01:24:44","slug":"%e6%89%98%e6%b4%9b%e8%8c%a8%e5%9f%ba%e9%81%ad%e6%9a%97%e6%9d%8080%e5%91%a8%e5%b9%b4","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chinaworker.info\/zh-hans\/2020\/08\/20\/24702\/","title":{"rendered":"\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u906d\u6697\u674080\u5468\u5e74\u796d"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>\u4eca\u5e74\u662f\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u9769\u547d\u8005\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u88ab\u65af\u5927\u6797\u7279\u52a1\u61e6\u592b\u5730\u6697\u6740\u768480\u5468\u5e74\u7eaa\u5ff5\u3002\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u5f53\u65f6\u5728\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u6d41\u4ea1\uff0c\u4f46\u65af\u5927\u6797\u72ec\u88c1\u4ecd\u7136\u60e7\u6015\u4ed6\u7684\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u4ee51917\u5e74\u5341\u6708\u9769\u547d\u7684\u771f\u6b63\u601d\u60f3\u6765\u5efa\u7acb\u4e2a\u7fa4\u4f17\u6027\u9769\u547d\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u4e49\u56fd\u9645\u7684\u6f5c\u529b\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u4e0e\u540c\u5217\u5b81\u5171\u540c\u9886\u5bfc\u4e86\u5f53\u5e74\u7684\u9769\u547d\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u7eaa\u5ff5\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e16\u754c\u5de5\u4eba\u9636\u7ea7\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u7406\u8bba\u9057\u4ea7\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ed6\u57281930\u5e74\u4ee3\u53cd\u6297\u65af\u5927\u6797\u4e3b\u4e49\u3001\u6cd5\u897f\u65af\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u53ef\u6015\u53cd\u52a8\u7684\u52c7\u6bc5\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u6b64\u9996\u6b21\u5730\u4ee5\u4e2d\u6587\u51fa\u7248\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u76f8\u5173\u6587\u7ae0\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u53cd\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u65af\u5927\u6797\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5206\u6790\u4e0e\u6597\u4e89\uff1b\u4e3a\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u9636\u7ea7\u6597\u4e89\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4e0e\u6559\u8bad\uff08\u672c\u6587\u662f\u9996\u6b21\u4e8e2010\u5e748\u6708\u51fa\u7248\uff0c\u5185\u5bb9\u6709\u5fae\u8c03\uff09<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Per-Ake Westerlund\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u6b63\u4e49\u515a\uff08ISA\u745e\u5178\uff09<\/p>\n<p>1940\u5e748\u670820\u65e5\uff0c\u65af\u5927\u6797\u96c7\u7528\u7684\u6740\u624b\u62c9\u8499\u00b7\u6885\u5361\u5fb7\u5c14\uff08Ramon Mercader\uff09\u7528\u51b0\u9550\u6697\u6740\u4e86\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u50cf\u72ee\u5b50\u4e00\u6837\u4e0e\u6740\u624b\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u640f\u6597\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u963b\u6b62\u4e86\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u6253\u51fb\uff08\u6740\u624b\u8fd8\u914d\u5907\u4e86\u624b\u67aa\u548c\u5200\uff09\u3002\u4f46\u56e0\u4e3a\u51b0\u9550\u6240\u9020\u6210\u7684\u4f24\u53e3\u5b9e\u5728\u592a\u4e25\u91cd\u4e86\uff0c\u4e00\u5929\u540e\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u8f9e\u4e16\u4e86\u3002\u8fd9\u6b21\u5bf9\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u7684\u7b2c13\u6b21\u6697\u6740\uff0c\u7ec8\u4e8e\u6210\u529f\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4ed6\u7684\u79d8\u4e66\u7ea6\u745f\u592b\u00b7\u6c49\u68ee\uff08Joseph 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1929\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u88ab\u65af\u5927\u6797\u4ece\u82cf\u8054\u9a71\u9010\u51fa\u5883&nbsp;\u3002\u7ecf\u8fc7\u5728\u571f\u8033\u5176\u548c\u6cd5\u56fd\u5404\u9017\u7559\u6570\u5e74\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e8e1935\u5e74\u590f\u5929\u5230\u8fbe\u632a\u5a01\uff0c\u4f46\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u632a\u5a01\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u515a\u653f\u5e9c\u7531\u4e8e\u65af\u5927\u6797\u5f53\u5c40\u7684\u538b\u529b\u4e5f\u5e0c\u671b\u5c3d\u5feb\u6446\u8131\u4ed6\u3002 1936\u5e7412\u6708\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u548c\u4ed6\u7684\u59bb\u5b50\u7eb3\u5854\u5229\u5a05\u00b7\u8c22\u591a\u592b\uff08Natalia 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Sedov\uff09\u5c31\u662f\u57281938\u5e742\u6708\u4f4f\u9662\u671f\u95f4\u88ab\u6697\u6740\u7684\u3002\u57281936\u81f31938\u5e74\u7684\u83ab\u65af\u79d1\u5927\u5ba1\u5224\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u5217\u5b81\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u5927\u91cf\u5e03\u5c14\u4ec0\u7ef4\u514b\u9886\u5bfc\u6210\u5458\u88ab\u88ab\u6307\u63a7\u4e0e\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u7684\u7eb3\u7cb9\u653f\u6743\u5408\u4f5c\u800c\u906d\u5230\u7acb\u5373\u5904\u51b3\uff0c\u800c\u5f53\u65f6\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u548c\u5217\u6602\u00b7\u8c22\u591a\u592b\u5c31\u662f\u88ab\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e3b\u8981\u88ab\u544a\u800c\u7f3a\u5e2d\u5ba1\u5224\u7684\u3002\u5728\u968f\u540e\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u5ba1\u5224\u4e2d\uff0c\u5171\u6709800\u4e07\u4eba\u88ab\u9001\u5f80\u76d1\u72f1\u6216\u52b3\u6539\u8425\u5730\u3002 200\u4e07\u4eba\u6b7b\u4ea1\uff0c100\u4e07\u4eba\u88ab\u5904\u51b3\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u65af\u5927\u6797\u4e0d\u6ee1\u8db3\u4e8e\u6240\u8fdb\u884c\u5927\u6e05\u6d17\u3002\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u6bd4\u83ab\u65af\u79d1\u5927\u5ba1\u5224\u4e2d\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u88ab\u544a\u90fd\u66f4\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u4fc4\u56fd\u9769\u547d\u548c\u5e03\u5c14\u4ec0\u7ef4\u514b\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u8bb0\u5fc6\u3002\u4ed6\u662f\u5f53\u65f6\u4ecd\u7136\u552f\u4e00\u8fd8\u5e78\u5b58\u7684\u4fc4\u56fd\u9769\u547d\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u7269\uff0c\u800c\u65af\u5927\u6797\u672c\u4eba\u57281917\u5e74\u9769\u547d\u4e2d\u53ea\u62c5\u5f53\u4e86\u6b21\u8981\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u800c\u4e14\u4e5f\u6b63\u662f\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u5c06\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u548c\u5217\u5b81\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u5e94\u7528\u5230\u4e8620\u4e16\u7eaa20\u5e74\u4ee3\u548c30\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u5d2d\u65b0\u800c\u590d\u6742\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u5c40\u52bf\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>1940\u5e748\u6708\uff0c\u4f46\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u4e89\u5df2\u7ecf\u6301\u7eed\u4e86\u8fd1\u4e00\u5e74\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u9884\u6d4b\u7684\u7531\u4e8e\u52b3\u5de5\u8fd0\u52a8\u63a8\u7ffb\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u5176\u53ef\u6015\u77db\u76fe\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u7684\u5931\u8d25\u548c\u7531\u4e8e\u672a\u80fd\u9632\u6b62\u6cd5\u897f\u65af\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5174\u8d77\u800c\u5c06\u5bfc\u81f4\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u7206\u53d1\u5df2\u7ecf\u5f97\u5230\u8bc1\u5b9e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u5728\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u5bf9\u65af\u5927\u6797\u4e0e\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u7b7e\u8ba2\u519b\u4e8b\u4e0e\u5916\u4ea4\u534f\u8bae\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u65e0\u60c5\u7684\u6279\u8bc4\u3002\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u6307\u51fa\u8be5\u4ea4\u6613\u5c06\u65e0\u6cd5\u9632\u6b62\u5fb7\u56fd\u5bf9\u82cf\u8054\u7684\u8fdb\u653b\u3002 1941\u5e746\u6708\uff0c\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u5bf9\u82cf\u8054\u53d1\u52a8\u4e86\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u519b\u4e8b\u8fdb\u653b\u3002\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u5f3a\u8c03\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u529e\u6cd5\u4e0d\u662f\u4e3a\u4e0e\u82f1\u56fd\u548c\u7f8e\u56fd\u7ed3\u76df\u800c\u4f5c\u51fa\u91cd\u5927\u653f\u6cbb\u8ba9\u6b65\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u6b63\u662f\u65af\u5927\u6797\u5728\u906d\u9047\u5fb7\u56fd\u7684\u653b\u51fb\u4e4b\u540e\u6240\u4f5c\u51fa\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u3002\u83ab\u65af\u79d1\u7684\u72ec\u88c1\u8005\u4e8e1943\u5e74\u89e3\u6563\u4e86\u5171\u4ea7\u56fd\u9645\u2013\u4ece\u800c\u8868\u660e\u56fd\u9645\u5de5\u4eba\u9636\u7ea7\u5df2\u4e0d\u518d\u662f\u82cf\u8054\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u76df\u53cb\uff0c\u800c\u5916\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u548c\u5916\u4ea4\u5219\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6218\u4e89\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u91cd\u5927\u5a01\u80c1\uff0c\u5e76\u5e26\u6765\u6781\u5927\u7684\u56f0\u96be\uff1b\u4f46\u662f1938\u5e74\u7b2c\u56db\u56fd\u9645\u4ecd\u7136\u5f97\u4ee5\u6210\u7acb\u3002\u65af\u5927\u6797\u6df1\u77e5\u9053\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u5bf9\u4ed6\u7684\u72ec\u88c1\u4e13\u4e13\u5236\u8bf4\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u4e49\u6279\u5224\u5177\u6709\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u6f5c\u5728\u652f\u6301\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5f53\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u7684\u4e24\u4f4d\u9ad8\u5c42\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u74e6\u4f26\u4e01\u00b7\u574e\u5e15\uff08Valentin Campa\uff09\u548c\u8d6b\u5c14\u66fc\u00b7\u62c9\u6c83\u5c14\u5fb7\uff08Herman 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