{"id":29915,"date":"2021-06-18T20:30:00","date_gmt":"2021-06-18T12:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/chinaworker.info\/?p=29915"},"modified":"2021-06-18T20:29:01","modified_gmt":"2021-06-18T12:29:01","slug":"%e7%bb%8f%e6%b5%8e%ef%bc%9a%e7%8e%b0%e4%bb%a3%e8%b4%a7%e5%b8%81%e7%90%86%e8%ae%ba%e8%bf%98%e6%98%af%e9%a9%ac%e5%85%8b%e6%80%9d%e4%b8%bb%e4%b9%89%ef%bc%9f","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chinaworker.info\/zh-hans\/2021\/06\/18\/29915\/","title":{"rendered":"\u7ecf\u6d4e\uff1a\u73b0\u4ee3\u8d27\u5e01\u7406\u8bba\u8fd8\u662f\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u4e49\uff1f"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"p1\"><strong>\u4e3a\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u8d62\u5f97\u7eff\u8272\u65b0\u653f\u548c\u5168\u6c11\u533b\u4fdd\u7684\u65b9\u6848<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">Tony Gong <span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0 <\/span>\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u66ff\u4ee3\uff08ISA\u7f8e\u56fd\uff09<\/p>\n<p class=\"p2\">\u5168\u7403\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5371\u673a\u4f7f\u5f97\u5bf9\u793e\u4f1a\u5f00\u652f\u6709\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u5927\u7684\u9700\u8981\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u5de5\u4eba\u3001\u5b66\u751f\u548c\u9752\u5e74\u6b63\u5728\u4e3a\u5168\u6c11\u533b\u4fdd\u3001\u53d6\u6d88\u5b66\u751f\u7684\u503a\u52a1\u548c\u7eff\u8272\u65b0\u653f\u800c\u5954\u8d70\u547c\u53f7\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u6bcf\u5f53\u6709\u4eba\u63d0\u51fa\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5efa\u8bae\uff0c\u6c11\u4e3b\u515a\u4eba\u548c\u5171\u548c\u515a\u4eba\u5c31\u4f1a\u95ee\uff1a\u201c\u8c01\u8981\u4e3a\u6b64\u57cb\u5355\uff1f\u201d\u867d\u7136\u4ed6\u4eec\u63d0\u51fa\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u5f88\u865a\u4f2a\uff0c\u4f46\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u4e5f\u5e94\u5bf9\u6b64\u8bda\u5b9e\u56de\u7b54\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p2\">\u73b0\u4ee3\u8d27\u5e01\u7406\u8bba\uff08Modern Monetary Theory\uff0cMMT\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u53d7\u5de6\u7ffc\u6b22\u8fce\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u3002MMT\u8ba4\u4e3a\u793e\u4f1a\u5f00\u652f\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8d27\u5e01\u653f\u7b56\uff08\u5373\u201c\u5370\u949e\u201d\uff09\u83b7\u53d6\u5145\u5206\u7684\u8d44\u91d1\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u5fc5\u62c5\u5fc3\u901a\u8d27\u81a8\u80c0\u3002MMT\u7684\u652f\u6301\u8005\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u5728\u65b0\u51a0\u80ba\u708e\u6551\u6d4e\u8ba1\u5212\u4e0a\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u523a\u6fc0\u5f00\u652f\u8fbe\u6570\u4e07\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\uff0c\u8fd9\u8bc1\u660e\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u56fd\u5bb6\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u5c31\u4e1a\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u8ba1\u5212\u63d0\u4f9b\u5145\u5206\u7684\u8d44\u91d1\u3002\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5de6\u7ffc\u4f17\u8bae\u5458\u5965\u5361\u897f\u5965-\u79d1\u5c14\u7279\u65af\uff08Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez\uff09\u4e5f\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0cMMT\u201c\u7edd\u5bf9\u201d\u9700\u8981\u201c\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u5360\u66f4\u5927\u6bd4\u4f8b\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6851\u5fb7\u65af\uff08Bernie Sanders\uff09\u5728\u4e24\u6b21\u603b\u7edf\u7ade\u9009\u4e2d\u90fd\u8ba9MMT\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e2d\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u4eba\u7269\u51ef\u5c14\u987f\uff08Stephanie Kelton\uff09\u62c5\u4efb\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7ecf\u6d4e\u987e\u95ee\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p2\">\u4f46\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u672a\u66fe\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fc7\u957f\u671f\u7684\u5145\u5206\u5c31\u4e1a\uff0c\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u5728\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e0b\u6240\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u6539\u5584\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u6c38\u4e45\u7684\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u968f\u65f6\u4f1a\u88ab\u7edf\u6cbb\u9636\u7ea7\u6536\u56de\u3002\u8d44\u672c\u5bb6\u4e00\u76f4\u5229\u7528\u5931\u4e1a\u7684\u8981\u80c1\u6765\u538b\u4f4e\u5de5\u8d44\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u62d2\u7edd\u793e\u4f1a\u5f00\u652f\uff0c\u751f\u6015\u8d22\u5bcc\u6d41\u5411\u52b3\u52a8\u4eba\u6c11\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u81f4\u529b\u6253\u51fb\u5de5\u4eba\u4e3a\u4e89\u53d6\u66f4\u591a\u6743\u76ca\u800c\u594b\u6597\u7684\u4fe1\u5fc3\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\uff0cMMT\u771f\u7684\u80fd\u591f\u7ef4\u62a4\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u5236\u5ea6\u5e76\u6cbb\u6108\u5b83\u6240\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u5f0a\u7aef\u5417\uff1f<\/p>\n<p 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class=\"p2\"><strong>\u73b0\u4ee3\u8d27\u5e01\u7406\u8bba\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"p2\">MMT\u65e2\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5bf9\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8fd0\u4f5c\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u975e\u4e3b\u6d41\u8bba\u8ff0\uff0c\u53c8\u662f\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u653f\u7b56\u5efa\u8bae\u3002MMT\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u8d27\u5e01\u4e0d\u662f\u8d77\u6e90\u81ea\u4e8e\u7269\u54c1\u4ea4\u6362\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6765\u81ea\u56fd\u5bb6\u6743\u529b\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u53d1\u884c\u8d27\u5e01\u5e76\u51b3\u5b9a\u8d27\u5e01\u9700\u6c42\u3002\u5f53\u56fd\u5bb6\u63a5\u53d7\u67d0\u79cd\u4e1c\u897f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5bf9\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7a0e\u91d1\u3001\u503a\u52a1\u3001\u7f5a\u6b3e\u7684\u4ed8\u6b3e\u65b9\u5f0f\u65f6\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u9ec4\u91d1\u8fd8\u662f\u6bd4\u7279\u5e01\uff0c\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u6210\u4e3a\u8d27\u5e01\uff0c\u4e14\uff0c\u8be5\u56fd\u7684\u6240\u6709\u4e3b\u4f53\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u7eb3\u7a0e\u4eba\uff09\u90fd\u88ab\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5f3a\u5236\u8981\u6c42\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u8d27\u5e01\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u201c\u4e1c\u897f\u201d\u5c31\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u53ef\u88ab\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u901a\u5546\u8d27\u5e01\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u56fd\u5916\u7684\u4eba\u4e5f\u5c06\u63a5\u53d7\u8fd9\u79cd\u8d27\u5e01\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\u8be5\u56fd\u4f1a\u63a5\u53d7\u5b83\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p2\">MMT\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e5f\u501f\u52a9\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u6765\u5f3a\u5316\u6709\u5173\u8d27\u5e01\u6e90\u81ea\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7814\u7a76\u6d89\u53ca\u8303\u56f4\u5e7f\u6cdb\uff0c\u4ece\u82cf\u7f8e\u5c14\u8d27\u5e01\u5728\u7a0e\u6536\u4e2d\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u3001\u53e4\u4ee3\u65e5\u8033\u66fc\u90e8\u843d\u7684\u4f24\u4ea1\u8d54\u507f\uff0c\u5230\u82f1\u56fd\u901a\u8fc7\u5f81\u7a0e\u4f7f\u975e\u6d32\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b9e\u73b0\u8d27\u5e01\u5316\u90fd\u6709\u6d89\u53ca\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p2\">MMT\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8d27\u5e01\u6e90\u81ea\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u653f\u5e9c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u968f\u610f\u521b\u9020\u548c\u9500\u6bc1\u8d27\u5e01\uff1b\u800c\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bf4\u6cd5\u4e0e\u653f\u5e9c\u9700\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u7a0e\u6536\u6765\u7b79\u96c6\u653f\u5e9c\u5f00\u652f\u6240\u9700\u8d44\u91d1\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u76f8\u77db\u76fe\u3002MMT\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u5728\u5f00\u652f\u65f6\u5c31\u5df2\u7ecf\u6709\u6548\u5730\u521b\u9020\u4e86\u8d27\u5e01\uff0c\u800c\u5f81\u7a0e\u8981\u5728\u51e0\u4e2a\u6708\u540e\u624d\u80fd\u8fdb\u884c\u3002\u51ef\u5c14\u987f\u5728\u5f00\u521bMMT\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u300a\u7a0e\u6536\u548c\u503a\u5238\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u4f9b\u653f\u5e9c\u5f00\u652f\u6240\u9700\u8981\u7684\u8d27\u5e01\u5417\uff1f\u300b\u4e2d\u63d0\u51fa\uff1a\u201c\u653f\u5e9c\u60f3\u8981\u7684\u4e0d\u662f\u94b1\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6865\u6881\u3001\u519b\u961f\u3001\u536b\u661f\u7b49\u3002\u653f\u5e9c\u901a\u8fc7\u9f13\u52b1\u6c11\u4f17\u63d0\u4f9b\u4ea7\u54c1\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u6765\u6362\u53d6\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u8d27\u5e01\u3002\u201d\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u4f7f\u7528\u5f3a\u5236\u6027\u7a0e\u6536\u6765\u8d4b\u4e88\u65b0\u5370\u5237\u7684\u8d27\u5e01\u4ef7\u503c\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4ee5\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8d27\u5e01\u6362\u5f97\u79c1\u4eba\u90e8\u95e8\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p2\">\u8fd9\u79cd\u5206\u6790\u601d\u60f3\u690d\u6839\u4e8e\u8d27\u5e01\u56fd\u5b9a\u8bf4\uff08Chartalism\uff09\u3002\u8d27\u5e01\u56fd\u5b9a\u8bf4\u662f20\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\u671f\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u201c\u7a0e\u6536\u63a8\u52a8\u8d27\u5e01\u201d\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u5bf9\u51ef\u6069\u65af\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u53d1\u5c55\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u4e4b\u540e\u53c8\u5f71\u54cd\u4e86MMT\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u653f\u6cbb\u7ed3\u8bba\u3002MMT\u672c\u8eab\u8bde\u751f\u4e8e1990\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u662f\u5728\u5bf9\u51b2\u57fa\u91d1\u767e\u4e07\u5bcc\u7fc1\u83ab\u65af\u52d2\uff08Warren Mosler\uff09\u4e0e\u4e00\u7fa4\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5bb6\u5728\u6709\u5173\u540e\u51ef\u6069\u65af\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u7ebf\u4e0a\u8ba8\u8bba\u8bba\u575b\u4e2d\u8bde\u751f\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p2\"><strong>MMT\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u8ba1\u5212\u3001\u5de5\u4f5c\u4fdd\u969c\u548c\u901a\u8d27\u81a8\u80c0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"p2\">MMT\u7684\u62e5\u62a4\u8005\u4eec\u4e00\u822c\u90fd\u662f\u5de6\u503e\u7684\uff0c\u5e76\u70ed\u5207\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u7eff\u8272\u65b0\u653f\u7b49\u8ba1\u5212\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u6b63\u786e\u5730\u5c06\u5e94\u5bf9\u6c14\u5019\u53d8\u5316\u3001\u7ec8\u7ed3\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u56da\u7981\u548c\u5168\u6c11\u533b\u4fdd\u7684\u4e3b\u5f20\u4e0e\u5e94\u5bf9\u5927\u8427\u6761\u548c\u4e8c\u6218\u7684\u4e25\u5cfb\u6311\u6218\u76f8\u63d0\u5e76\u8bba\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"p2\">MMT\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5bb6\u5c06\u7eff\u8272\u65b0\u653f\u4e0e\u7f57\u65af\u798f\u65b0\u653f\u76f8\u5bf9\u6bd4\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7eff\u8272\u65b0\u653f\u4e5f\u53ef\u63d0\u4f9b\u793e\u4f1a\u4ef7\u503c\u548c\u6709\u5176\u53cd\u5468\u671f\u6027\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u589e\u52a0\u6295\u8d44\u548c\u5f00\u652f\u6765\u62b5\u6d88\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e0b\u6ed1\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u793e\u4f1a\u5f00\u652f\u8ba1\u5212\u7684\u6210\u672c\u5c06\u662f\u5de8\u5927\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u79d1\u5c14\u987f\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u8d44\u91d1\u4e0d\u662f\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u201c\u53ea\u8981\u56fd\u4f1a\u6388\u6743\u2026\u2026\u51e0\u5343\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\u7684\u8d27\u5e01\u53d1\u884c\uff0c\u800c\u7f8e\u8054\u50a8\u53ea\u8981\u4fdd\u8bc1\u652f\u7968\u80fd\u591f\u5151\u73b0\u3002\u201dMMT\u8ba4\u4e3a\u53ef\u4ee5\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u4f9d\u9760\u7f8e\u8054\u50a8\u4e3a\u8be5\u8ba1\u5212\u5370\u94b1\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u56de\u907f\u4e86\u8c01\u8981\u4e3a\u7eff\u8272\u65b0\u653f\u51fa\u94b1\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n<p 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Summers\uff09\u5c06\u8fd9\u79cd\u73b0\u8c61\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e3a\u201c\u957f\u671f\u505c\u6ede\u201d\u3002MMT\u672a\u80fd\u8bc1\u660e\u4ed6\u4eec\u6240\u5ba3\u79f0\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6cd5\u5219\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0eMMT\u6240\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u8fc7\u53bb10\u5e74\u7684\u4f4e\u901a\u80c0\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e0d\u5355\u7f3a\u4e4f\u6709\u5229\u53ef\u56fe\u7684\u6295\u8d44\uff0c\u8fd8\u9762\u4e34\u7740\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u901a\u7f29\u538b\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n<p 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Tcherneva\uff09\u00a0\u5728\u300a\u5de5\u4f5c\u4fdd\u969c\uff1a\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff0c\u5de5\u4f5c\u548c\u5b9e\u65bd\u300b\u4e2d\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5de5\u4f5c\u5c06\u201c\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e3a\u79c1\u8425\u90e8\u95e8\u7684\u5c31\u4e1a\u673a\u4f1a\u201d\u3001\u201c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4e0e\u79c1\u8425\u90e8\u95e8\u6784\u6210\u7ade\u4e89\u201d\u3002\u5c31\u4e1a\u4fdd\u8bc1\u65e8\u5728\u4f7f\u79c1\u8425\u90e8\u95e8\u6062\u590d\u76c8\u5229\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e3a\u907f\u514d\u7ade\u4e89\uff0c\u8981\u6545\u610f\u63d0\u4f9b\u6bd4\u79c1\u8425\u90e8\u95e8\u66f4\u5dee\u7684\u5c31\u4e1a\u673a\u4f1a\u3002<\/p>\n<p 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Institute\uff09\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u8bba\u6587\u300a\u5982\u4f55\u82b1\u94b1\u5b9e\u73b0\u7eff\u8272\u65b0\u653f\u300b\u4e2d\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u201c\u4e0d\u540c\u610f\uff08\u6851\u5fb7\u65af\u7684\uff09\u589e\u52a0\u6536\u5165\u76ee\u6807\u201d\uff0c\u5373\u5411\u96c7\u4e3b\u548c\u5bcc\u4eba\u5f81\u7a0e\u4ee5\u652f\u4ed8\u5168\u6c11\u533b\u4fdd\u3002\u53d6\u800c\u4ee3\u4e4b\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u201c\u63d0\u8bae\u5bf9\u5de5\u8d44\u7a0e\u7684\u96c7\u5458\u90e8\u5206\u5f81\u65364.6\uff05\u7684\u9644\u52a0\u8d39\u201d\uff0c\u4ee5\u201c\u901a\u8fc7\u51cf\u5c11\u4e0d\u5e78\u7684\u6700\u4f4e90\uff05\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u6d88\u8d39\u9700\u6c42\u6765\u51cf\u8f7b\u901a\u8d27\u81a8\u80c0\u7684\u6050\u60e7\u201d\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1MMT\u5938\u5938\u5176\u8c08\u3001\u5f77\u4f5b\u5173\u6ce8\u666e\u901a\u767e\u59d3\u5904\u5883\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u5c06\u4f7f\u7a0e\u6536\u8d1f\u62c5\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u8f6c\u79fb\u5230\u5de5\u4eba\u9636\u7ea7\u8eab\u4e0a\uff01\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u7a0e\u6536\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4f1a\u662f\u7d2f\u9000\u7a0e\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8fd8\u662f\u5411\u53f3\u7ffc\u9012\u5200\u5b50\u3001\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7834\u574f\u793e\u4f1a\u5f00\u652f\u8ba1\u5212\u3002MMT\u7684\u521b\u59cb\u4eba\u7406\u8bba\u5bb6\u5170\u5fb7\u5c14\u00b7\u96f7\uff08Randall Wray\uff09\u6700\u8fd1\u4e0e\u4ed6\u4eba\u5408\u8457\u4e86\u4e00\u7bc7\u8bba\u6587\u300a\u73b0\u5728\u662f\u65f6\u5019\u6d88\u9664\u8054\u90a6\u4f01\u4e1a\u6240\u5f97\u7a0e\u4e86\u5417\uff1f \u300b\u3002\u4ed6\u58f0\u79f0\u201c\u516c\u53f8\u7a0e&#8230;\u6548\u7387\u4f4e\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u7531\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u548c\u96c7\u5458\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u80a1\u4e1c\u627f\u62c5\u201d\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u201c\u4e3b\u5f20\u514d\u9664\u516c\u53f8\u5229\u5f97\u7a0e\u3002\u201d\u8fd9\u91cd\u8986\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u53f3\u7ffc\u7684\u8bba\u8ff0\u2014\u2014\u201c\u516c\u53f8\u7a0e\u4f1a\u8f6c\u79fb\u7ed9\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u548c\u5de5\u4eba\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u5e94\u8be5\u5bf9\u516c\u53f8\u5f81\u7a0e\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n<p 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