{"id":27181,"date":"2021-03-11T07:04:33","date_gmt":"2021-03-10T23:04:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www2.chinaworker.info\/?page_id=27181"},"modified":"2021-03-11T10:28:07","modified_gmt":"2021-03-11T02:28:07","slug":"%e6%89%98%e6%b4%9b%e8%8c%a8%e5%9f%ba%ef%bc%9a%e8%a2%ab%e8%83%8c%e5%8f%9b%e7%9a%84%e9%9d%a9%e5%91%bd%ef%bc%881936%e5%b9%b4%ef%bc%89","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/chinaworker.info\/zh-hant\/%e6%89%98%e6%b4%9b%e8%8c%a8%e5%9f%ba%ef%bc%9a%e8%a2%ab%e8%83%8c%e5%8f%9b%e7%9a%84%e9%9d%a9%e5%91%bd%ef%bc%881936%e5%b9%b4%ef%bc%89\/","title":{"rendered":"\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\uff1a\u88ab\u80cc\u53db\u7684\u9769\u547d\uff081936\u5e74\uff09"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"tdi_1\" class=\"tdc-zone\"><div class=\"tdc_zone tdi_2  wpb_row td-pb-row\"  >\n<style scoped>\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n.tdi_2{\r\n                    min-height: 0;\r\n                }\n<\/style><div id=\"tdi_3\" class=\"tdc-row\"><div class=\"vc_row tdi_4  wpb_row td-pb-row\" >\n<style scoped>\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n.tdi_4,\r\n                .tdi_4 .tdc-columns{\r\n                    min-height: 0;\r\n                }.tdi_4,\r\n\t\t\t\t.tdi_4 .tdc-columns{\r\n\t\t\t\t    display: block;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_4 .tdc-columns{\r\n\t\t\t\t    width: 100%;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_4:before,\r\n\t\t\t\t.tdi_4:after{\r\n\t\t\t\t    display: table;\r\n\t\t\t\t}\n\/* inline tdc_css att - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n\n.tdi_4{\nmargin-top:50px !important;\n}\n\n.tdi_4 .td_block_wrap{ text-align:left }\n\n<\/style><div class=\"vc_column tdi_6  wpb_column vc_column_container tdc-column td-pb-span8\">\n<style scoped>\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n.tdi_6{\r\n                    vertical-align: baseline;\r\n                }.tdi_6 > .wpb_wrapper,\r\n\t\t\t\t.tdi_6 > .wpb_wrapper > .tdc-elements{\r\n\t\t\t\t    display: block;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_6 > .wpb_wrapper > .tdc-elements{\r\n\t\t\t\t    width: 100%;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_6 > .wpb_wrapper > .vc_row_inner{\r\n\t\t\t\t    width: auto;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_6 > .wpb_wrapper{\r\n\t\t\t\t    width: auto;\r\n\t\t\t\t    height: auto;\r\n\t\t\t\t}\n<\/style><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\" ><div class=\"wpb_wrapper wpb_text_column td_block_wrap td_block_wrap vc_column_text tdi_7  tagdiv-type td-pb-border-top td_block_template_1\"  data-td-block-uid=\"tdi_7\" >\n<style>\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n.vc_column_text > .td-element-style{\r\n\t\t\t\t\tz-index: -1;\r\n\t\t\t\t}\n<\/style><div class=\"td-fix-index\"><h1><strong>\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\uff1a\u88ab\u80cc\u53db\u7684\u9769\u547d\uff081936\u5e74\uff09<\/strong><\/h1>\n<h3><strong>\u5c0e\u8a00\u3000\u672c\u66f8\u7684\u76ee\u7684<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>\u8cc7\u7522\u968e\u7d1a\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u8d77\u521d\u88dd\u4f5c\u4e0d\u7406\u6703\u8607\u7dad\u57c3\u5236\u5ea6\u4e0b\u7684\u7d93\u6fdf\u6210\u5c31\uff0c\u5373\u4e0d\u7406\u6703\u90a3\u793e\u6703\u4e3b\u7fa9\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u884c\u6027\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\u8b49\u660e\u3002\u535a\u5b78\u7684\u8cc7\u7522\u968e\u7d1a\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u5bb6\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u4fc4\u570b\u5de5\u696d\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u7a7a\u524d\u901f\u5ea6\uff0c\u4ecd\u5e38\u5e38\u4fdd\u6301\u6df1\u601d\u719f\u616e\u7684\u7dd8\u9ed8\uff0c\u4e0d\u7136\u4fbf\u662f\u9650\u65bc\u8ac7\u8ad6\u4fc4\u570b\u6975\u5ea6\u7684\u300c\u525d\u524a\u8fb2\u6c11\u300d\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u932f\u904e\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u5927\u597d\u6a5f\u6703\u89e3\u91cb\uff1a\u70ba\u751a\u9ebc\u50cf\u4e2d\u570b\u6216\u8005\u65e5\u672c\u548c\u5370\u5ea6\u90a3\u6a23\u6b98\u9177\u525d\u524a\u8fb2\u6c11\uff0c\u537b\u5f9e\u4f86\u6c92\u6709\u4f7f\u5de5\u696d\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u7a0d\u5fae\u63a5\u8fd1\u8607\u806f\u5462\uff1f<\/p>\n<p>\u4e8b\u5be6\u5230\u5e95\u662f\u52dd\u5229\u4e86\u3002\u73fe\u5728\u4e00\u5207\u6587\u660e\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u66f8\u5e97\u88e1\uff0c\u5df2\u7d93\u5806\u6eff\u4e86\u95dc\u65bc\u8607\u806f\u7684\u66f8\u7c4d\u3002\u9019\u4e26\u975e\u4e0d\u53ef\u601d\u8b70\uff0c\u4e0d\u904e\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u5947\u8e5f\u7562\u7adf\u7f55\u6709\u3002\u90a3\u4e9b\u51fa\u65bc\u76f2\u76ee\u53cd\u52d5\u4ec7\u6068\u7684\u6587\u737b\u6b63\u8fc5\u901f\u6e1b\u5c11\u3002\u95dc\u65bc\u8607\u806f\u7684\u6700\u65b0\u66f8\u7c4d\uff0c\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u4efd\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u4e0d\u662f\u986f\u51fa\u4e00\u7247\u72c2\u6b61\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u63a1\u53d6\u8b9a\u7f8e\u7684\u8a9e\u8abf\u4e86\u3002\u82e5\u628a\u9019\u7a2e\u60c5\u5f62\u7576\u4f5c\u9019\u500b\u65b0\u8208\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u570b\u969b\u8072\u671b\u65e5\u6f38\u63d0\u9ad8\u7684\u6a19\u8a8c\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u9019\u7a2e\u89aa\u8607\u6587\u737b\u4e4b\u589e\u591a\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u53d7\u5230\u6b61\u8fce\u3002\u6cc1\u4e14\uff0c\u628a\u8607\u806f\u52a0\u4ee5\u7406\u60f3\u5316\uff0c\u7e3d\u6bd4\u628a\u6cd5\u897f\u65af\u610f\u5927\u5229\u52a0\u4ee5\u7406\u60f3\u5316\u8981\u7121\u6bd4\u597d\u5f97\u591a\u3002\u53ef\u662f\u8b80\u8005\u8981\u60f3\u5728\u9019\u4e9b\u6587\u737b\u4e2d\u627e\u5230\u5c0d\u5341\u6708\u9769\u547d\u7956\u570b\u7684\u771f\u5be6\u72c0\u6cc1\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u8a55\u4f30\uff0c\u90a3\u662f\u5f92\u52de\u7121\u529f\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9019\u4e9b\u300c\u8607\u806f\u53cb\u4eba\u300d\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u4f5c\u4e09\u5927\u985e\uff1a\u4e00\u7a2e\u6dfa\u8584\u7684\u65b0\u805e\u8a18\u8005\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\uff0c\u5373\u591a\u5c11\u5e36\u9ede\u300c\u5de6\u300d\u7684\u50be\u5411\u7684\u5831\u544a\u6587\u5b78\uff0c\u69cb\u6210\u4ed6\u5011\u5927\u90e8\u4efd\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u548c\u66f8\u7c4d\u3002\u8207\u6b64\u4e26\u5217\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u7a2e\u6bd4\u8f03\u88dd\u8154\u4f5c\u52e2\u7684\u4eba\u9053\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u3001\u6292\u60c5\u7684\u3001\u548c\u5e73\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u300c\u5171\u7522\u4e3b\u7fa9\u300d\u4f5c\u54c1\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u7a2e\u5247\u662f\u7d93\u6fdf\u7684\u5716\u5f0f\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u7522\u54c1\uff0c\u5e36\u6709\u820a\u6642\u5fb7\u570b\u300c\u8b1b\u58c7\u793e\u6703\u4e3b\u7fa9\u300d\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u3002\u8def\u6613\u65af\u00b7\u8cbb\u5e0c\u723e\uff08Louis Fischer\uff09\u548c\u675c\u862d\u63d0\uff08Duranty\uff09\u662f\u76f8\u7576\u77e5\u540d\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u985e\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u3002\u5df2\u6545\u7684\u5df4\u6bd4\u585e\uff08Barbusse\uff09\u548c\u7f85\u66fc\u7f85\u862d\uff08Romain Rolland\uff09<a href=\"#_ftn1\" name=\"_ftnref1\">[1]<\/a>\u4ee3\u8868\u300c\u4eba\u9053\u4e3b\u7fa9\u300d\u7684\u53cb\u4eba\u9019\u4e00\u985e\u578b\u3002\u4e26\u975e\u5076\u7136\uff0c\u5728\u8d70\u5230\u53f2\u5927\u6797\u90a3\u65b9\u9762\u53bb\u4ee5\u524d\uff0c\u524d\u8005\u5beb\u904e\u4e00\u672c\u57fa\u7763\u50b3\uff0c\u5f8c\u8005\u5beb\u904e\u7518\u5730\u50b3\u3002\u6700\u5f8c\uff0c\u90a3\u7a2e\u4fdd\u5b88\u800c\u8fc2\u8150\u7684\u793e\u6703\u4e3b\u7fa9\uff0c\u5247\u4ee5\u5b5c\u5b5c\u4e0d\u5026\u7684\u8cbb\u908a\u793e\u7684\u97cb\u5e03\u592b\u5a66\uff08Beatrice and Sidney Webb\uff09<a href=\"#_ftn2\" name=\"_ftnref2\">[2]<\/a>\u70ba\u6700\u5177\u6b0a\u5a01\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u662f\u751a\u9ebc\u6771\u897f\u628a\u9019\u4e09\u7a2e\u4eba\u806f\u5408\u8d77\u4f86\u7684\u5462\uff08\u5118\u7ba1\u4ed6\u5011\u6709\u90a3\u8a31\u591a\u4e0d\u540c\uff09\uff1f\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u65e2\u6210\u7684\u4e8b\u5be6\u9762\u524d\u53e9\u982d\uff0c\u9084\u6709\u4ed6\u5011\u90fd\u504f\u611b\u5b89\u6170\u4eba\u5fc3\u7684\u6cdb\u8ad6\u3002\u8d77\u4f86\u53cd\u53db\u4ed6\u5011\u672c\u570b\u7684\u8cc7\u672c\u4e3b\u7fa9\uff0c\u8d85\u51fa\u4e86\u9019\u4e9b\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u9650\u5ea6\u4e4b\u5916\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u4ed6\u5011\u6bd4\u8f03\u9858\u610f\u652f\u6301\u4e00\u500b\u5df2\u7d93\u9000\u56de\u5230\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6cb3\u9053\u53bb\u7684\u5916\u570b\u9769\u547d\u3002\u5728\u5341\u6708\u9769\u547d\u4ee5\u524d\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5728\u5341\u6708\u9769\u547d\u4ee5\u5f8c\u7684\u8a31\u591a\u5e74\u88e1\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u4eba\u7576\u4e2d\u7adf\u6c92\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\uff08\u751a\u81f3\u9023\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u7956\u5148\u4e5f\u6c92\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\uff09\u8003\u616e\u904e\u793e\u6703\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5c07\u5982\u4f55\u5be6\u73fe\u65bc\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u7684\u554f\u984c\u3002\u9019\u4f7f\u4ed6\u5011\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u627f\u8a8d\u73fe\u5728\u8607\u806f\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u5c31\u662f\u793e\u6703\u4e3b\u7fa9\u4e86\u3002\u9019\u4e0d\u50c5\u4f7f\u4ed6\u5011\u6210\u70ba\u8ddf\u4e0a\u6642\u4ee3\u7684\u9032\u6b65\u4eba\u58eb\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u4e5f\u4f7f\u4ed6\u5011\u5f97\u5230\u4e00\u4e9b\u5167\u5fc3\u7684\u5b89\u5b9a\u3002\u540c\u6642\u9019\u53c8\u7d55\u5c0d\u4e0d\u8981\u4ed6\u5011\u627f\u64d4\u751a\u9ebc\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u975c\u89c0\u51a5\u60f3\u7684\u3001\u6a02\u89c0\u7684\u3001\u7d55\u7121\u7834\u58de\u6027\u7684\u6587\u737b\uff0c\u628a\u4e00\u5207\u7684\u4e0d\u6109\u5feb\u90fd\u770b\u4f5c\u662f\u904e\u53bb\u7684\u4e8b\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u8b80\u8005\u7684\u795e\u7d93\u5f88\u6709\u93ae\u975c\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5c31\u5927\u6709\u5e02\u5834\u4e86\u3002\u9019\u6a23\uff0c\u5728\u4e0d\u77e5\u4e0d\u89ba\u4e4b\u4e2d\u7522\u751f\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u570b\u969b\u7684\u5b78\u6d3e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u53eb\u4f5c\u300c\u6587\u660e\u7684\u8cc7\u7522\u968e\u7d1a\u7684\u5e03\u723e\u4ec0\u7dad\u514b\u4e3b\u7fa9\u300d\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u7c21\u55ae\u4e00\u9ede\uff0c\u53eb\u505a\u300c\u6fc0\u9032\u6d3e\u65c5\u884c\u5bb6\u7684\u793e\u6703\u4e3b\u7fa9\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u5011\u4e26\u4e0d\u6253\u7b97\u548c\u9019\u500b\u5b78\u6d3e\u6240\u7522\u751f\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u722d\u8ad6\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u4ed6\u5011\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u63d0\u51fa\u503c\u5f97\u722d\u8ad6\u7684\u56b4\u8b39\u7684\u7406\u7531\u3002\u554f\u984c\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u525b\u525b\u958b\u59cb\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u4fbf\u4ee5\u70ba\u5df2\u7d93\u5b8c\u7d50\u4e86\u3002\u672c\u66f8\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u70ba\u4e86\u6b63\u78ba\u8a55\u4f30\u73fe\u72c0\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u77ad\u89e3\u5c07\u4f86\u3002\u5c0d\u65bc\u904e\u53bb\u7684\u4e8b\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ea\u5c31\u6709\u52a9\u65bc\u77ad\u89e3\u5c07\u4f86\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u8aaa\u4e00\u8aaa\u3002\u6211\u5011\u9019\u672c\u66f8\u662f\u6279\u5224\u6027\u7684\u3002\u8ab0\u8981\u662f\u5d07\u62dc\u65e2\u6210\u4e8b\u5be6\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u80fd\u6e96\u5099\u5c07\u4f86\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8607\u806f\u7d93\u6fdf\u548c\u6587\u5316\u7684\u767c\u5c55\uff0c\u5df2\u7d93\u7d93\u6b77\u4e86\u597d\u5e7e\u500b\u968e\u6bb5\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u9054\u5230\u5167\u90e8\u7684\u5e73\u8861\u3002\u5047\u4f7f\u4f60\u8a18\u5f97\uff0c\u793e\u6703\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u4efb\u52d9\uff0c\u662f\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u500b\u7121\u968e\u7d1a\u7684\u793e\u6703\uff0c\u4ee5\u5718\u7d50\u4e00\u81f4\u3001\u548c\u8ae7\u5730\u6eff\u8db3\u5168\u9ad4\u4eba\u7684\u9700\u8981\u70ba\u57fa\u790e\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\uff0c\u4eca\u65e5\u7684\u8607\u806f\uff0c\u5728\u9019\u500b\u57fa\u672c\u610f\u7fa9\u4e0a\u8aaa\uff0c\u9084\u6c92\u6709\u4e00\u9ede\u793e\u6703\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u6c23\u5473\u3002\u56fa\u7136\uff0c\u8607\u806f\u7684\u793e\u6703\u77db\u76fe\uff0c\u8207\u8cc7\u672c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u793e\u6703\u77db\u76fe\u5927\u4e0d\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u4f46\u77db\u76fe\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u5341\u5206\u7dca\u5f35\u7684\u3002\u9019\u8868\u73fe\u70ba\u7269\u8cea\u8207\u6587\u5316\u4e0a\u7684\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u58d3\u8feb\uff0c\u5404\u7a2e\u653f\u6cbb\u6d3e\u5225\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6d3e\u5225\u7684\u9b25\u722d\u3002\u8b66\u5bdf\u7684\u58d3\u8feb\u53ea\u80fd\u4f7f\u653f\u6cbb\u9b25\u722d\u79d8\u800c\u4e0d\u5ba3\u548c\u626d\u66f2\u5916\u5f62\uff0c\u4f46\u6c7a\u4e0d\u80fd\u6d88\u6ec5\u5b83\u3002\u53d7\u58d3\u5236\u7684\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u5c0d\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b65\u90fd\u6709\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u52a9\u9577\u5b83\u6216\u8005\u963b\u7919\u5b83\u3002\u5728\u9019\u7a2e\u60c5\u5f62\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u5206\u6790\u8607\u806f\u7684\u767c\u5c55\uff0c\u4fbf\u4e00\u5206\u9418\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u5ffd\u7565\u90a3\u4e9b\u601d\u60f3\u548c\u53e3\u865f\uff1a\u5728\u9019\u4e9b\u601d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* 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href=\"#_ftn3\" name=\"_ftnref3\">[3]<\/a>\u9019\u6bb5\u8a55\u8ad6\uff0c\u7576\u6642\u662f\u91dd\u5c0d\u6539\u826f\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u793e\u6703\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u5982\u4fc4\u570b\u7684\u5b5f\u4ec0\u7dad\u514b\u3001\u82f1\u570b\u7684\u8cbb\u908a\u6d3e\u7b49\u8aaa\u7684\u3002\u73fe\u5728\u5b83\u4ee5\u96d9\u500d\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u6253\u64ca\u90a3\u4e9b\u5d07\u62dc\u8607\u806f\u7684\u4eba\u5011\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u4eba\u5d07\u62dc\u4e00\u500b\u7d72\u6beb\u4e0d\u6253\u7b97\u300c\u6d88\u4ea1\u300d\u7684\u5b98\u50da\u570b\u5bb6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u793e\u6703\u9700\u8981\u5b98\u50da\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u6709\u5c16\u92b3\u7684\u5c0d\u6297\u9700\u8981\u300c\u7de9\u548c\u300d\u3001\u300c\u8abf\u7bc0\u300d\u3001\u300c\u63a7\u5236\u300d\uff08\u7e3d\u662f\u70ba\u4e86\u7279\u6b0a\u8005\u548c\u4f54\u6709\u8005\u7684\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u4e5f\u70ba\u4e86\u5c0d\u5b98\u50da\u5011\u672c\u8eab\u6709\u5229\uff09\u3002\u6240\u6709\u7684\u8cc7\u7522\u968e\u7d1a\u9769\u547d\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u591a\u9ebc\u6c11\u4e3b\uff0c\u7e3d\u662f\u52a0\u5f37\u4e26\u5b8c\u5584\u4e86\u5b98\u50da\u6a5f\u95dc\u3002\u5217\u5be7\u8aaa\uff1a\u300c\u5b98\u540f\u548c\u5e38\u5099\u8ecd\u662f\u8cc7\u7522\u968e\u7d1a\u793e\u6703\u8ec0\u9ad4\u4e0a\u7684\u300e\u5bc4\u751f\u87f2\u300f\uff0c\u662f\u6495\u88c2\u4e86\u9019\u9019\u500b\u793e\u6703\u7684\u5167\u90e8\u77db\u76fe\u6240\u6ecb\u751f\u7684\u5bc4\u751f\u87f2\uff1b\u800c\u4e14\u6b63\u662f\u300e\u5835\u585e\u300f\u751f\u547d\u7684\u6bdb\u5b54\u7684\u5bc4\u751f\u87f2\u3002\u300d<a href=\"#_ftn4\" name=\"_ftnref4\">[4]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u5f9e\u4e00\u4e5d\u4e00\u4e03\u5e74\u8d77\uff0c\u5373\u662f\u5f9e\u596a\u53d6\u653f\u6b0a\u6210\u70ba\u9ee8\u7684\u5be6\u969b\u554f\u984c\u7684\u6642\u5019\u8d77\uff0c\u5217\u5be7\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u601d\u8003\u6d88\u6ec5\u9019\u7a2e\u300c\u5bc4\u751f\u87f2\u300d\u7684\u554f\u984c\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u300a\u570b\u5bb6\u8207\u9769\u547d\u300b\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u7ae0\u88e1\u518d\u4e09\u6307\u51fa\u4e26\u4e14\u89e3\u91cb\u8aaa\uff1a\u7121\u7522\u968e\u7d1a\u5728\u63a8\u7ffb\u4e86\u525d\u524a\u968e\u7d1a\u4ee5\u5f8c\uff0c\u5c07\u6253\u788e\u539f\u6709\u7684\u5b98\u50da\u6a5f\u95dc\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u7531\u5de5\u4eba\u548c\u96c7\u54e1\u69cb\u6210\u7684\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6a5f\u69cb\u3002\u7121\u7522\u968e\u7d1a\u9084\u8981\u8a2d\u6cd5\u9632\u6b62\u9019\u4e9b\u4eba\u8b8a\u70ba\u5b98\u50da\uff0c\u8fa6\u6cd5\u5c31\u662f\u300c\u99ac\u514b\u601d\u548c\u6069\u683c\u65af\u66fe\u8a73\u7d30\u5206\u6790\u904e\u7684\u8fa6\u6cd5\uff1a\u4e00\u3001\u4e0d\u4f46\u8981\u5be6\u884c\u9078\u8209\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u96a8\u6642\u64a4\u63db\uff1b\u4e8c\u3001\u85aa\u91d1\u4e0d\u5f97\u9ad8\u65bc\u5de5\u4eba\u7684\u5de5\u8cc7\uff1b\u4e09\u3001\u7acb\u523b\u8f49\u5230\u4f7f\u6240\u6709\u7684\u4eba\u90fd\u4f86\u57f7\u884c\u76e3\u7763\u548c\u76e3\u5bdf\u7684\u8077\u80fd\uff0c\u4f7f\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u66ab\u6642\u90fd\u8b8a\u6210\u300e\u5b98\u50da\u300f\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u4f7f\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u90fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u6210\u70ba\u5b98\u50da\u3002\u300d<a href=\"#_ftn5\" name=\"_ftnref5\">[5]<\/a>\u4f60\u4e0d\u8981\u4ee5\u70ba\u5217\u5be7\u662f\u5728\u8ac7\u5341\u5e74\u5167\u600e\u9ebc\u8fa6\u7684\u554f\u984c\u3002\u4e0d\u662f\u7684\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u521d\u6b65\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u300c\u7121\u7522\u968e\u7d1a\u9769\u547d\u5be6\u73fe\u4ee5\u5f8c\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u800c\u4e14\u61c9\u8a72\u5f9e\u9019\u88e1\u958b\u59cb\u505a\u8d77\u3002\u300d<a href=\"#_ftn6\" name=\"_ftnref6\">[6]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u9019\u7a2e\u95dc\u65bc\u7121\u7522\u968e\u7d1a\u5c08\u653f\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u5927\u81bd\u898b\u89e3\uff0c\u5728\u53d6\u5f97\u653f\u6b0a\u4e00\u5e74\u534a\u4ee5\u5f8c\uff0c\u53c8\u4ee5\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u5beb\u5728\u5e03\u723e\u4ec0\u7dad\u514b\u9ee8\u7684\u7db1\u9818\u4e0a\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u95dc\u65bc\u8ecd\u968a\u7684\u4e00\u7ae0\u3002\u5f37\u6709\u529b\u7684\u570b\u5bb6\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6c92\u6709\u5b98\u8001\u723a\uff1b\u6b66\u88dd\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6c92\u6709\u8ecd\u95a5\uff01\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u9632\u885b\u7684\u4efb\u52d9\u7522\u751f\u51fa\u8ecd\u4e8b\u548c\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u5b98\u50da\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u793e\u6703\u7684\u968e\u7d1a\u7d50\u69cb\uff0c\u628a\u5b98\u50da\u5236\u5ea6\u5e36\u5165\u9632\u885b\u7684\u7d44\u7e54\u4e2d\u3002\u8ecd\u968a\u53ea\u662f\u793e\u6703\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u4e00\u7a2e\u8986\u5370\u672c\u3002\u70ba\u62b5\u79a6\u5916\u4f86\u7684\u5a01\u8105\uff0c\u5de5\u4eba\u570b\u5bb6\u81ea\u7136\u8207\u5176\u4ed6\u570b\u5bb6\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u7a2e\u7279\u5225\u7684\u8ecd\u4e8b\u6280\u8853\u7d44\u7e54\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6c7a\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u500b\u7279\u6b0a\u7684\u8ecd\u5b98\u95a5\u95b1\u3002\u9ee8\u7684\u7db1\u9818\u8981\u6c42\u7528\u6b66\u88dd\u7684\u4eba\u6c11\uff0c\u53bb\u4ee3\u66ff\u5e38\u5099\u8ecd\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7121\u7522\u968e\u7d1a\u5c08\u653f\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u4e00\u958b\u59cb\u5c31\u4e0d\u662f\u539f\u6709\u610f\u7fa9\u7684\u300c\u570b\u5bb6\u300d\u4e86\uff0c\u5373\u4e0d\u662f\u7528\u4f86\u58d3\u5236\u5927\u591a\u6578\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u4e00\u7a2e\u7279\u6b8a\u6a5f\u95dc\u4e86\u3002\u7269\u8cea\u7684\u6b0a\u529b\uff0c\u9023\u6b66\u88dd\u5728\u5167\uff0c\u90fd\u76f4\u63a5\u4e26\u4e14\u7acb\u523b\u8f49\u5230\u5de5\u4eba\u968e\u7d1a\u7d44\u7e54\uff08\u5982\u8607\u7dad\u57c3\uff09\u624b\u4e0a\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u5f9e\u7121\u7522\u968e\u7d1a\u5c08\u653f\u7b2c\u4e00\u5929\u8d77\uff0c\u90a3\u4f5c\u70ba\u5b98\u50da\u6a5f\u95dc\u7684\u570b\u5bb6\uff0c\u5c31\u958b\u59cb\u6d88\u4ea1\u4e86\u3002\u9019\u662f\u9ee8\u7684\u7db1\u9818\u7684\u547c\u8072\uff0c\u9019\u7db1\u9818\u4e00\u76f4\u6c92\u6709\u5ba3\u4f48\u4f5c\u5ee2\u3002\u771f\u5947\u602a\uff1a\u5b83\u7684\u547c\u8072\u73fe\u5728\u597d\u50cf\u662f\u4f86\u81ea\u58b3\u5893\u4e2d\u7684\u5e7d\u9748\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0d\u7ba1\u4f60\u600e\u6a23\u7406\u89e3\u73fe\u5728\u8607\u7dad\u57c3\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u6027\u8cea\uff0c\u53ef\u662f\u6709\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e8b\u662f\u6beb\u7121\u7591\u7fa9\u7684\uff1a\u9019\u570b\u5bb6\u5b58\u5728\u5df2\u7d93\u5feb\u4e8c\u5341\u5e74\u4e86\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0d\u50c5\u6c92\u6709\u6d88\u4ea1\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u9084\u6c92\u6709\u958b\u59cb\u300c\u6d88\u4ea1\u300d\u3002\u66f4\u58de\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5b83\u5df2\u7d93\u8b8a\u6210\u4e00\u500b\u524d\u6240\u672a\u6709\u7684\u5f37\u66b4\u6a5f\u95dc\u4e86\u3002\u5b98\u50da\u4e0d\u4f46\u6c92\u6709\u6d88\u8072\u533f\u8de1\uff0c\u8b93\u4f4d\u65bc\u6c11\u773e\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u8b8a\u6210\u4e00\u7a2e\u6beb\u7121\u76e3\u7763\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u7d71\u6cbb\u8457\u6c11\u773e\u3002\u8ecd\u968a\u4e0d\u4f46\u6c92\u6709\u88ab\u6b66\u88dd\u7684\u4eba\u6c11\u6240\u4ee3\u66ff\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u7522\u751f\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u7279\u6b0a\u7684\u8ecd\u5b98\u95a5\u95b1\uff0c\u4ee5\u5143\u5e25\u70ba\u9996\uff0c\u81f3\u65bc\u4eba\u6c11\uff0c\u5373\u300c\u5c08\u653f\u7684\u6b66\u88dd\u9ad4\u73fe\u8005\u300d\uff0c\u73fe\u5728\u9023\u651c\u5e36\u975e\u7206\u70b8\u6027\u7684\u6b66\u5668\uff0c\u90fd\u88ab\u7981\u6b62\u4e86\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u628a\u60f3\u50cf\u529b\u767c\u63ee\u5230\u6975\u9650\uff0c\u4e5f\u5f88\u96e3\u60f3\u50cf\u5230\u4e00\u7a2e\u53cd\u5dee\uff0c\u6bd4\u5728\u99ac\u514b\u601d\u3001\u6069\u683c\u65af\u3001\u5217\u5be7\u6240\u88fd\u4f5c\u7684\u5de5\u4eba\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u5716\u6a23\uff0c\u548c\u53f2\u5927\u6797\u6240\u9818\u5c0e\u7684\u73fe\u5be6\u570b\u5bb6\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u53cd\u5dee\u66f4\u52a0\u9bae\u660e\u3002\u73fe\u5728\u8607\u806f\u7684\u9818\u8896\u5011\u548c\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u4ee3\u8868\u8005\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u9084\u5728\u7e7c\u7e8c\u51fa\u7248\u5217\u5be7\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\uff08\u56fa\u7136\u88ab\u6aa2\u67e5\u4eba\u522a\u9664\u548c\u6b6a\u66f2\u904e\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5c0d\u65bc\u7db1\u9818\u548c\u5be6\u969b\u4e4b\u9593\u4f55\u4ee5\u6709\u9019\u6a23\u56b4\u91cd\u5206\u6b67\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u9023\u63d0\u4e5f\u4e0d\u6562\u63d0\u3002\u6211\u5011\u9858\u610f\u66ff\u4ed6\u5011\u4f5c\u9019\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4e09 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href=\"#_ftn7\" 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href=\"#_ftn8\" name=\"_ftnref8\">[8]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u5217\u5be7\u5728\u89e3\u91cb\u9019\u5e7e\u53e5\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u8a71\u6642\u88dc\u5145\u8aaa\uff1a\u300c\u65e2\u7136\u5728\u5206\u914d\u6d88\u8cbb\u54c1\u4e0a\uff0c\u63a1\u7528\u8cc7\u7522\u968e\u7d1a\u7684\u6cd5\u6b0a\uff0c\u5fc5\u7136\u8981\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u8cc7\u7522\u968e\u7d1a\u570b\u5bb6\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5982\u679c\u6c92\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u80fd\u5920\u8feb\u4f7f\u4eba\u5011\u9075\u5b88\u6cd5\u6b0a\u898f\u7bc4\u7684\u6a5f\u69cb\uff0c\u6cd5\u6b0a\u4e5f\u5c31\u7b49\u65bc\u96f6\u3002\u53ef\u898b\uff0c\u5728\u5171\u7522\u4e3b\u7fa9\u4e0b\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u6642\u671f\u5167\uff0c\u4e0d\u50c5\u6703\u4fdd\u7559\u8cc7\u7522\u968e\u7d1a\u6cd5\u6b0a\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u9084\u6703\u4fdd\u7559\u6c92\u6709\u8cc7\u7522\u968e\u7d1a\u7684\u8cc7\u7522\u968e\u7d1a\u570b\u5bb6\uff01\u300d<a href=\"#_ftn9\" name=\"_ftnref9\">[9]<\/a>\u9019\u500b\u6975\u6709\u610f\u7fa9\u7684\u7d50\u8ad6\uff0c\u5df2\u88ab\u73fe\u5728\u7684\u5b98\u65b9\u7406\u8ad6\u5bb6\u5b8c\u5168\u5fd8\u8a18\u4e86\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u5c0d\u65bc\u4e86\u89e3\u8607\u806f\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u6027\u8cea\uff0c\u537b\u6709\u6c7a\u5b9a\u6027\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u66f4\u78ba\u5207\u7684\u8aaa\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u6b64\u7a2e\u4e86\u89e3\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\uff0c\u6709\u6c7a\u5b9a\u6027\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\u3002\u53ea\u8981\u90a3\u8ca0\u64d4\u793e\u6703\u4e3b\u7fa9\u6539\u9020\u4efb\u52d9\u7684\u570b\u5bb6\u9084\u88ab\u8feb\u4ee5\u5f37\u5236\u624b\u6bb5\u4f86\u4fdd\u885b\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49(\u5c11\u6578\u4eba\u7684\u7269\u8cea\u7279\u6b0a)\uff0c\u90a3\u5b83\u5c31\u9084\u662f\u300c\u8cc7\u7522\u968e\u7d1a\u5f0f\u300d\u7684\u570b\u5bb6\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u6c92\u6709\u8cc7\u7522\u968e\u7d1a\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u8a71\u65e2\u4e0d\u662f\u606d\u7dad\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u8cac\u7f75\uff1a\u5b83\u53ea\u662f\u4ee5\u771f\u540d\u547c\u5be6\u7269\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8cc7\u7522\u968e\u7d1a\u5f0f\u7684\u5206\u914d\u6a19\u6e96\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u52a0\u901f\u7269\u8cea\u529b\u91cf\u7684\u589e\u9577\uff0c\u5b83\u61c9\u8a72\u6709\u52a9\u65bc\u793e\u6703\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u2014\u2014\u4f46\u9019\u53ea\u662f\u6b78\u6839\u7a76\u5e95\u7684\u8aaa\u6cd5\u3002\u5de5\u4eba\u570b\u5bb6\u4e00\u958b\u59cb\u7acb\u5373\u5e36\u6709\u5169\u91cd\u6027\u8cea\uff1a\u5b83\u662f\u793e\u6703\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u5b83\u4fdd\u969c\u751f\u7522\u8cc7\u6599\u7684\u793e\u6703\u516c\u6709\u5236\uff1b\u5b83\u53c8\u662f\u8cc7\u7522\u968e\u7d1a\u7684\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u5b83\u6839\u64da\u8cc7\u672c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u50f9\u503c\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4f86\u5206\u914d\u751f\u6d3b\u7528\u54c1\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u63a5\u53d7\u9019\u7a2e\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u5404\u7a2e\u7684\u7d50\u679c\u3002\u9019\u9ebc\u77db\u76fe\u7684\u8aaa\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e5f\u8a31\u6703\u4f7f\u90a3\u4e9b\u689d\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u548c\u7d93\u9662\u5b78\u8005\u9707\u9a5a\u8d77\u4f86\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ea\u597d\u5c0d\u4ed6\u5011\u81f4\u4ee5\u6170\u554f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5de5\u4eba\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u6700\u5f8c\u7684\u9762\u8c8c\uff0c\u8981\u7531\u5b83\u7684\u8cc7\u7522\u968e\u7d1a\u50be\u5411\u548c\u793e\u6703\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u50be\u5411\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u95dc\u4fc2\u5982\u4f55\u8b8a\u9077\u4f86\u6c7a\u5b9a\u3002\u82e5\u662f\u5f8c\u8005\u6230\u52dd\uff0c\u90a3\u4e8b\u5be6\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u61c9\u8a72\u610f\u5473\u8457\u61b2\u5175\u7684\u6700\u5f8c\u6d88\u6ec5\uff0c\u4ea6\u5373\u570b\u5bb6\u6eb6\u89e3\u65bc\u81ea\u6cbb\u7684\u793e\u6703\u3002\u50c5\u50c5\u5f9e\u9019\u9ede\u770b\u4f86\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u660e\u767d\u8607\u806f\u7684\u5b98\u50da\u4e3b\u7fa9\u554f\u984c\u6709\u4f55\u7b49\u91cd\u5927\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\uff0c\u4e0d\u8ad6\u5b83\u672c\u8eab\u9084\u662f\u4f5c\u70ba\u5fb5\u5146\uff01<\/p>\n<p>\u56e0\u70ba\u5217\u5be7\u6191\u8457\u4ed6\u5168\u90e8\u667a\u529b\u4e0a\u7684\u52c7\u6c23\uff0c\u5c07\u99ac\u514b\u601d\u7684\u89c0\u5ff5\uff0c\u6975\u7aef\u5c16\u92b3\u5730\u8868\u793a\u51fa\u4f86\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4ed6\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u672a\u4f86\u56f0\u96e3\uff08\u9023\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u56f0\u96e3\u5728\u5167\uff09\u7684\u6839\u6e90\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\u672a\u80fd\u628a\u4ed6\u7684\u5206\u6790\u767c\u63ee\u5230\u5e95\u3002\u300c\u6c92\u6709\u8cc7\u7522\u968e\u7d1a\u7684\u8cc7\u7522\u968e\u7d1a\u5f0f\u7684\u570b\u5bb6\u300d\u8b49\u660e\u4e86\u662f\u8207\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u8607\u7dad\u57c3\u6c11\u4e3b\u5236\u4e0d\u76f8\u878d\u6d3d\u7684\u3002\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u5169\u91cd\u4f5c\u7528\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e0d\u5f71\u97ff\u5230\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u7d50\u69cb\u3002\u7d93\u9a57\u986f\u793a\u51fa\u7406\u8ad6\u6240\u4e0d\u80fd\u660e\u767d\u5730\u9810\u898b\u7684\u6771\u897f\u3002\u5047\u4f7f\u70ba\u4e86\u4fdd\u793e\u6703\u5316\u7684\u8ca1\u7522\uff0c\u9632\u79a6\u8cc7\u7522\u968e\u7d1a\u53cd\u9769\u547d\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u4e00\u500b\u300c\u6b66\u88dd\u5de5\u4eba\u7684\u570b\u5bb6\u300d\u5c31\u5b8c\u5168\u8db3\u5920\u4e86\uff0c\u53ef\u662f\uff0c\u8abf\u7bc0\u6d88\u8cbb\u4e0a\u7684\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\u5b8c\u5168\u662f\u53e6\u4e00\u56de\u4e8b\u3002\u90a3\u4e9b\u88ab\u525d\u596a\u4e86\u8ca1\u7522\u6b0a\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u4e0d\u9858\u610f\u5275\u9020\u9019\u7a2e\u5236\u5ea6\u548c\u4fdd\u8b77\u5b83\u3002\u5927\u591a\u6578\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u4e0d\u6703\u95dc\u5fc3\u5c11\u6578\u4eba\u7684\u7279\u6b0a\u3002\u70ba\u4e86\u4fdd\u8b77\u300c\u8cc7\u7522\u968e\u7d1a\u6cd5\u5f8b\u300d\uff0c\u5de5\u4eba\u570b\u5bb6\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u8a2d\u7acb\u4e00\u7a2e\u300c\u8cc7\u7522\u968e\u7d1a\u300d\u578b\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u540c\u904e\u53bb\u4e00\u6a23\u7684\u61b2\u5175\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u7a7f\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u5236\u670d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u5011\u5c0d\u65bc\u5e03\u723e\u4ec0\u7dad\u514b\u9ee8\u7db1\u548c\u8607\u806f\u7684\u5be6\u969b\u9593\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u77db\u76fe\uff0c\u5df2\u7d93\u4f5c\u904e\u521d\u6b65\u7684\u89e3\u8aaa\u4e86\u3002\u5047\u4f7f\u570b\u5bb6\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u6b7b\u4ea1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href=\"#_ftn11\" 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href=\"#_ftn12\" 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href=\"#_ftn14\" name=\"_ftnref14\"><strong>[14]<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4e00\u3000\u65af\u5927\u6797\u56e0\u4f55\u80fd\u52dd\u5229\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u7814\u7a76\u8607\u806f\u53f2\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e0d\u627f\u8a8d\uff1a\u7d71\u6cbb\u7684\u5b98\u50da\u5728\u5927\u7684\u554f\u984c\u4e0a\u7d93\u904e\u4e86\u597d\u591a\u6b21\u81ea\u76f8\u77db\u76fe\u7684\u6416\u64fa\u3002\u8981\u62ff\u300c\u74b0\u5883\u6539\u8b8a\u300d\u4f86\u89e3\u91cb\u6216\u8faf\u8b77\u9019\u4e9b\u6416\u64fa\uff0c\u90a3\u986f\u7136\u662f\u8aaa\u4e0d\u901a\u7684\u3002\u6240\u8b02\u9818\u5c0e\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u61c9\u6709\u67d0\u7a2e\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u5148\u898b\u4e4b\u660e\u3002\u65af\u5927\u6797\u6d3e\u5247\u6beb\u4e0d\u80fd\u9810\u898b\u4e8b\u8b8a\u767c\u5c55\u4e4b\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u7684\u7d50\u679c\uff1b\u4ed6\u5011\u6bcf\u6b21\u90fd\u5728\u6beb\u7121\u6e96\u5099\u4e2d\u9a5a\u9192\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u552f\u6709\u7528\u53cd\u5c04\u5f0f\u7684\u884c\u653f\u624b\u6bb5\u4f86\u61c9\u4ed8\u9019\u4e9b\u51fa\u4e4e\u4ed6\u5011\u610f\u6599\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u3002\u6bcf\u6b21\u8f49\u8b8a\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u90fd\u662f\u4e8b\u5f8c\u624d\u9020\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5f88\u5c11\u9867\u53ca\u4ed6\u5011\u6628\u65e5\u6240\u8aaa\u7684\u8a71\u3002\u6839\u64da\u9019\u4e9b\u7121\u53ef\u5426\u8a8d\u7684\u4e8b\u5be6\u548c\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u6b77\u53f2\u7684\u4eba\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u63a8\u8ad6\u8aaa\uff1a\u6240\u8b02\u300c\u5de6\u6d3e\u53cd\u5c0d\u6d3e\u300d\u5c0d\u65bc\u570b\u5167\u767c\u751f\u4e8b\u8b8a\u904e\u7a0b\u4e4b\u5206\u6790\u8981\u6b63\u78ba\u5f97\u591a\uff0c\u800c\u5c0d\u65bc\u4e8b\u8b8a\u5f80\u5f8c\u4e4b\u767c\u5c55\u4e5f\u9810\u898b\u5f97\u9060\u8f03\u771f\u5be6\u4e9b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9019\u8a71\uff0c\u9a5f\u7136\u770b\u4f86\uff0c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u662f\u8207\u5e95\u4e0b\u7c21\u55ae\u7684\u4e8b\u5be6\u76f8\u77db\u76fe\u7684\uff1a\u5373\u7121\u9060\u898b\u7684\u653f\u6d3e\u7e3d\u662f\u5f97\u52dd\uff0c\u800c\u76ee\u5149\u92b3\u5229\u7684\u96c6\u5718\u5247\u5c62\u6b21\u906d\u53d7\u5931\u6557\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u8b93\u4eba\u60f3\u5230\u7684\u53cd\u5c0d\u610f\u898b\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u90a3\u4e9b\u601d\u60f3\u4e0a\u662f\u552f\u7406\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u624d\u986f\u5f97\u90a3\u9ebc\u5177\u6709\u8aaa\u670d\u529b\uff1b\u4ed6\u5011\u5c07\u653f\u6cbb\u770b\u4f5c\u908f\u8f2f\u7684\u8faf\u8ad6\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5982\u540c\u4e0b\u68cb\u3002\u653f\u6cbb\u9b25\u722d\u672c\u8cea\u4e0a\u4e43\u662f\u5229\u5bb3\u548c\u52e2\u529b\u4e4b\u9b25\u722d\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u8ad6\u64da\u4e4b\u9b25\u722d\u3002\u9818\u5c0e\u7684\u7d20\u8cea\u4e4b\u65bc\u9b25\u722d\u7684\u7d50\u679c\u81ea\u7136\u4e0d\u662f\u7121\u8db3\u8f15\u91cd\u4e4b\u4e8b\uff0c\u4f46\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u6700\u5f8c\u5206\u6790\u8d77\u4f86\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u6c7a\u5b9a\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u6cc1\u4e14\uff0c\u9b25\u722d\u7684\u6bcf\u500b\u71df\u58d8\uff0c\u90fd\u6309\u7167\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u5f62\u8c61\u8981\u6c42\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u9818\u8896\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e8c\u6708\u9769\u547d\u628a\u514b\u502b\u65af\u57fa<a href=\"#_ftn15\" name=\"_ftnref15\">[15]<\/a>\u548c\u7b56\u70c8\u9435\u91cc<a href=\"#_ftn16\" name=\"_ftnref16\">[16]<\/a>\u9001\u4e0a\u653f\u6b0a\uff0c.\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u4ed6\u5011\u6bd4\u8d77\u7d71\u6cbb\u7684\u6c99\u7687\u9ee8\u7fbd\u8981\u300c\u8070\u660e\u4e9b\u300d\u6216\u300c\u6a5f\u654f\u4e9b\u300d\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u4ed6\u5011\u4ee3\u8868\uff08\u81f3\u5c11\u66ab\u6642\u7684\uff09\u8d77\u4f86\u53cd\u6297\u820a\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u9769\u547d\u7fa4\u773e\u3002\u514b\u502b\u65af\u57fa\u4e4b\u80fd\u5920\u9a45\u4f7f\u5217\u5be7\u96b1\u85cf\u8d77\u4f86\u4e26\u4e14\u5e7d\u56da\u5176\u4ed6\u5e03\u723e\u4ec0\u7dad\u514b\u7684\u9818\u8896\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u4ed6\u500b\u4eba\u624d\u80fd\u52dd\u904e\u4ed6\u5011\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u7576\u6642\u5927\u591a\u6578\u5de5\u4eba\u548c\u5175\u58eb\u9084\u8ddf\u96a8\u8457\u611b\u570b\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u5c0f\u8cc7\u7522\u968e\u7d1a\u8d70\u3002\u514b\u502b\u65af\u57fa\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u300c\u512a\u8d8a\u300d\uff0d\uff0d\u5982\u679c\u5728\u9019\u88e1\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u9019\u500b\u5b57\u773c\u7684\u8a71\u4e00\u4e00\u5373\u5728\u65bc\u4ed6\u4e26\u4e0d\u6bd4\u5927\u591a\u6578\u7684\u4eba\u770b\u5f97\u66f4\u9060\u4e9b\u3002\u5e03\u723e\u4ec0\u7dad\u514b\u5f8c\u4f86\u514b\u670d\u5c0f\u8cc7\u7522\u968e\u7d1a\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u6d3e\uff0c\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u9818\u8896\u4e4b\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u512a\u8d8a\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u793e\u6703\u52e2\u529b\u767c\u751f\u65b0\u7684\u7d50\u5408\u3002\u6700\u5f8c\u7121\u7522\u968e\u7d1a\u6210\u529f\u5730\u9818\u5c0e\u4e86\u4e0d\u6eff\u7684\u8fb2\u6c11\u53bb\u53cd\u5c0d\u8cc7\u7522\u968e\u7d1a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6cd5\u570b\u5927\u9769\u547d\u4e2d\u5404\u500b\u9023\u7e8c\u7684\u968e\u6bb5\uff08\u5728\u4e0a\u6f32\u6642\u548c\u4f4e\u843d\u6642\u4e00\u6a23\uff09\uff0c\u4e5f\u540c\u6a23\u8b49\u660e\u4e86\u9019\u4e00\u9ede\uff1a\u5373\u90a3\u4e9b\u76f8\u4e92\u63a5\u66ff\u7684\u300c\u9818\u8896\u5011\u300d\u548c\u300c\u82f1\u96c4\u5011\u300d\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u65bc\u4ed6\u5011\u8207\u90a3\u4e9b\u64c1\u8b77\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u968e\u5c64\u7684\u6027\u8cea\u76f8\u7b26\u5408\u3002\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u4efb\u4f55\u4e0d\u76f8\u5e72\u7684\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u512a\u8d8a\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u9019\u7a2e\u7b26\u5408\uff0c\u624d\u4f7f\u67d0\u500b\u9818\u8896\u6216\u82f1\u96c4\u5728\u67d0\u4e00\u6b77\u53f2\u6642\u671f\u7559\u4e0b\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u5370\u8a18\u3002\u5f4c\u62c9\u6ce2\u3001\u5e03\u91cc\u7d22\u3001\u7f85\u4f2f\u65af\u6bd4\u723e\u3001\u5df4\u62c9\u65af\u548c\u62ff\u7834\u5d19\u4e4b\u76f8\u7e7c\u7576\u6b0a\uff0c\u4e43\u662f\u9075\u5faa\u4e00\u7a2e\u5ba2\u89c0\u7684\u898f\u5f8b\uff0c\u9019\u898f\u5f8b\u6bd4\u8d77\u9019\u4e9b\u6b77\u53f2\u4e3b\u89d2\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u7279\u9ede\u4f86\uff0c\u662f\u66f4\u7121\u9650\u5730\u6709\u529b\u591a\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u904e\u53bb\u6b77\u53f2\u4e0a\u6bcf\u4e00\u500b\u9769\u547d\uff0c\u5176\u5f8c\u7e3d\u8ddf\u8457\u53cd\u52d5\uff0c\u6216\u751a\u81f3\u65bc\u53cd\u9769\u547d\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u5927\u5bb6\u6240\u719f\u77e5\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002\u56fa\u7136\u4e0d\u932f\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u53cd\u52d5\u6216\u53cd\u9769\u547d\uff0c\u5f9e\u672a\u66fe\u628a\u6574\u500b\u6c11\u65cf\u5b8c\u5168\u63a8\u56de\u9769\u547d\u7684\u8d77\u9ede\u53bb\uff0c\u4f46\u5f80\u5f80\u596a\u8d70\u4e86\u4eba\u6c11\u6240\u5f97\u7684\u5927\u90e8\u4efd\u52dd\u5229\u54c1\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u53cd\u52d5\u6d6a\u6f6e\u7684\u72a7\u7272\u8005\uff0c\u7167\u4f8b\u662f\u90a3\u4e9b\u5148\u92d2\u4efd\u5b50\u3001\u5275\u59cb\u4eba\u548c\u767c\u52d5\u8005\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u5728\u9769\u547d\u9032\u653b\u6642\u671f\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u7ad9\u5728\u7fa4\u773e\u7684\u524d\u5217\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u53bb\u4e86\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7dda\u7684\u4eba\u7269\u5c31\u540c\u4ee5\u524d\u7684\u9769\u547d\u7684\u6575\u4eba\u806f\u76df\u800c\u5d84\u9732\u982d\u89d2\u3002\u9818\u8896\u5011\u9019\u7a2e\u6232\u5287\u5f0f\u7684\u9b25\u722d\u662f\u5728\u516c\u958b\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u821e\u53f0\u4e0a\u9032\u884c\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0b\u9762\u96b1\u85cf\u8457\u968e\u7d1a\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u8b8a\u52d5\uff0c\u9084\u6709\u540c\u6a23\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e8b\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u6700\u8fd1\u9084\u662f\u9769\u547d\u7684\u7fa4\u773e\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u8b8a\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6709\u8a31\u591a\u540c\u5fd7\u5f9e\u524d\u66fe\u7d93\u63d0\u51fa\u4e00\u4e9b\u7591\u96e3\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff1a\u5e03\u723e\u4ec0\u7dad\u514b\u9ee8\u548c\u5de5\u4eba\u7684\u6d3b\u52d5\u529b\u73fe\u5728\u8b8a\u6210\u600e\u6a23\u4e86\uff1f\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u9769\u547d\u5275\u9020\u529b\u3001\u81ea\u6211\u72a7\u7272\u7cbe\u795e\u548c\u5e73\u6c11\u7684\u50b2\u9aa8\u73fe\u5728\u90a3\u88e1\u53bb\u4e86\uff1f\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u4ee3\u66ff\u9019\u4e9b\u6771\u897f\u800c\u8208\u8d77\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u9019\u9ebc\u4e9b\u5351\u9119\u3001\u754f\u61fc\u548c\u81ea\u79c1\u81ea\u5229\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u5462\uff1f\u8cf4\u53ef\u592b\u65af\u57fa<a href=\"#_ftn17\" name=\"_ftnref17\">[17]<\/a>\u63f4\u5f15\u4e86\u5341\u516b\u4e16\u7d00\u6cd5\u862d\u897f\u5927\u9769\u547d\u7684\u6d3b\u6b77\u53f2\u56de\u7b54\u4ed6\u5011\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u8209\u51fa\u5df4\u8c9d\u592b<a href=\"#_ftn18\" 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href=\"#_ftn19\" name=\"_ftnref19\">[19]<\/a>\u9019\u6a23\u8aaa\u9053\uff1a\u300c\u5982\u679c\u4f9d\u91cc\u5947<a href=\"#_ftn20\" 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href=\"#_ftn32\" name=\"_ftnref32\">[32]<\/a>\u3001\u840a\u7fc1\u00b7\u52c3\u9b6f\u59c6<a href=\"#_ftn33\" 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href=\"#_ftn35\" name=\"_ftnref35\">[35]<\/a>\u00a0\uff08Bela 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name=\"_ftnref41\">[41]<\/a>\u8607\u806f\u652f\u90e8\u4e4b\u4efb\u52d9\uff0c\u4fbf\u662f\u6e96\u5099\u9019\u500b\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u5728\u9806\u5229\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e4b\u4e0b\u7ad9\u5728\u7fa4\u773e\u7684\u524d\u982d\u3002\u4eca\u5929\u9019\u500b\u652f\u90e8\u9084\u662f\u5f31\u5c0f\u7684\u800c\u4e14\u88ab\u8d95\u5f80\u5730\u4e0b\u53bb\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u653f\u9ee8\u7684\u4e0d\u5408\u6cd5\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u4e26\u975e\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u9019\u4e0d\u904e\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u56f0\u96e3\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u5f62\u5f0f\u7f77\u4e86\u3002\u58d3\u8feb\u624b\u6bb5\u5c0d\u65bc\u7e7c\u7e8c\u5373\u5c07\u5f9e\u821e\u53f0\u4e0a\u6d88\u901d\u7684\u968e\u7d1a\uff0c\u80fd\u5920\u767c\u63ee\u5b8c\u5168\u7684\u6548\u529b\uff0c1917\u5e74\u52301923\u5e74\u7684\u9769\u547d\u5c08\u653f\u5b8c\u5168\u8b49\u660e\u4e86\u9019\u500b\u3002\u4f46\u5c0d\u65bc\u9769\u547d\u5148\u92d2\u968a\u884c\u4f7f\u66b4\u529b\uff0c\u5247\u4e26\u4e0d\u80fd\u633d\u6551\u4e00\u500b\u751f\u5b58\u5f97\u904e\u4e45\u7684\u968e\u5c64\u3002\u5018\u82e5\u8607\u806f\u662f\u8a3b\u5b9a\u8981\u7e7c\u7e8c\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u5b98\u50da\u5c64\u5df2\u7d93\u751f\u5b58\u5f97\u904e\u4e45\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5b98\u50da\u6b63\u5728\u6e96\u5099\u8457\u7684\u90a3\u5834\u53cd\u5c0d\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u9769\u547d\uff0c\u5c07\u4e0d\u662f\u793e\u6703\u9769\u547d\uff0c\u540c1917\u5e74\u5341\u6708\u9769\u547d\u4e0d\u4e00\u6a23\u3002\u9019\u6b21\u9769\u547d\u6240\u9762\u5c0d\u7684\u554f\u984c\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u6539\u8b8a\u793e\u6703\u7684\u7d93\u6fdf\u57fa\u790e\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u7528\u9019\u7a2e\u8ca1\u7522\u5f62\u5f0f\u4f86\u4ee3\u66ff\u90a3\u7a2e\u8ca1\u7522\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u6b77\u53f2\u4e0a\u4e0d\u50c5\u6709\u793e\u6703\u9769\u547d\uff0c\u8b6c\u5982\u8cc7\u7522\u968e\u7d1a\u5236\u5ea6\u4ee3\u66ff\u5c01\u5efa\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u9769\u547d\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4e5f\u6709\u653f\u6cbb\u9769\u547d\uff0c\u5b83\u4e26\u4e0d\u6467\u6bc0\u793e\u6703\u7684\u7d93\u6fdf\u57fa\u790e\uff0c\u4e0d\u904e\u6383\u9664\u820a\u7684\u4e0a\u5c64\u7d71\u6cbb\u8005\u800c\u5df2\uff08\u6cd5\u570b1830\u5e74\u548c1848\u5e74\u7684\u9769\u547d\uff0c\u4fc4\u570b1917\u5e74\u7684\u4e8c\u6708\u9769\u547d\u7b49\uff09\u3002\u62ff\u7834\u5d19\u4e3b\u7fa9\u96c6\u5718\u4e4b\u63a8\u7ffb\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u5c07\u767c\u751f\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u793e\u6703\u6548\u679c\uff0c\u4f46\u5c31\u672c\u8eab\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u9084\u662f\u9650\u5236\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u9769\u547d\u7684\u754c\u9650\u4e4b\u5167\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7531\u5de5\u4eba\u9769\u547d\u7522\u751f\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u570b\u5bb6\u751f\u5b58\u4e0b\u4f86\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u6709\u53f2\u4ee5\u4f86\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u3002\u9019\u500b\u570b\u5bb6\u5fc5\u9808\u7d93\u904e\u4e00\u4e9b\u751a\u9ebc\u968e\u6bb5\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u66f8\u4e0a\u4e5f\u6c92\u6709\u5beb\u4e0b\u4f86\u3002\u4e0d\u932f\uff0c\u8607\u806f\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u5bb6\u548c\u5275\u9020\u8005\u66fe\u7d93\u5e0c\u671b\u90a3\u5b8c\u5168\u900f\u660e\u7684\u548c\u5bcc\u65bc\u9748\u6d3b\u6027\u7684\u8607\u7dad\u57c3\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bb9\u8a31\u570b\u5bb6\u9069\u61c9\u8457\u793e\u6703\u7d93\u6fdf\u6587\u5316\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u5404\u968e\u6bb5\uff0c\u800c\u548c\u5e73\u5730\u6539\u8b8a\u3001\u89e3\u9ad4\u4e26\u6d88\u4ea1\u3002\u7136\u800c\u9019\u88e1\uff0c\u53c8\u8b49\u660e\u5be6\u969b\u751f\u6d3b\u6bd4\u7406\u8ad6\u6240\u9810\u671f\u7684\u8907\u96dc\u5f97\u591a\u3002\u4e00\u500b\u843d\u5f8c\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u7121\u7522\u968e\u7d1a\uff0c\u88ab\u8a3b\u5b9a\u4f86\u5b8c\u6210\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u793e\u6703\u4e3b\u7fa9\u9769\u547d\u3002\u5f9e\u4e00\u5207\u8a3c\u64da\u770b\u4f86\uff0c\u7121\u7522\u968e\u7d1a\u5fc5\u9808\u4ee5\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u88dc\u5145\u7684\u9769\u547d\uff0c\u5373\u53cd\u5c0d\u5b98\u50da\u5c08\u5236\u7684\u9769\u547d\u4f86\u511f\u4ed8\u5176\u5b8c\u6210\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u793e\u6703\u4e3b\u7fa9\u9769\u547d\u7684\u7279\u6b0a\u3002\u65b0\u9769\u547d\u7684\u7db1\u9818\uff0c\u5927\u90e8\u4efd\u9808\u770b\u7206\u767c\u6642\u7684\u60c5\u52e2\u5982\u4f55\uff0c\u570b\u5bb6\u9054\u5230\u7684\u6c34\u5e73\u5982\u4f55\u4ee5\u53ca\u570b\u969b\u72c0\u6cc1\u5982\u4f55\u800c\u5b9a\u3002\u81f3\u65bc\u7db1\u9818\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u7d20\u5247\u5df2\u7d93\u660e\u767d\u4e86\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5df2\u7531\u672c\u66f8\u6307\u660e\u51fa\u4f86\u4e86\uff0c\u9019\u5c31\u662f\u6839\u64da\u8607\u806f\u5236\u5ea6\u77db\u76fe\u4e4b\u5206\u6790\u6240\u505a\u51fa\u7684\u5ba2\u89c0\u7684\u63a8\u6e2c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u554f\u984c\u4e26\u4e0d\u5728\u65bc\u62ff\u9019\u500b\u7d71\u6cbb\u9ee8\u6d3e\u4f86\u4ee3\u66ff\u90a3\u500b\u7d71\u6cbb\u9ee8\u6d3e\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5728\u65bc\u6539\u8b8a\u90a3\u7ba1\u7406\u7d93\u6fdf\u548c\u6307\u5c0e\u6587\u5316\u4e4b\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u5b98\u50da\u5c08\u5236\u653f\u6cbb\u5fc5\u9808\u8b93\u4f4d\u65bc\u8607\u7dad\u57c3\u6c11\u4e3b\u653f\u6cbb\u3002\u6279\u8a55\u6b0a\u5229\u4e4b\u6062\u5fa9\u548c\u9078\u8209\u7684\u771f\u6b63\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u4e43\u662f\u8607\u806f\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u767c\u5c55\u4e4b\u5fc5\u9700\u7684\u689d\u4ef6\u3002\u9019\u8868\u793a\u6062\u5fa9\u9ee8\u6d3e\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u5f9e\u6062\u5fa9\u5e03\u723e\u4ec0\u7dad\u514b\u9ee8\u958b\u59cb\uff0c\u5de5\u6703\u4e5f\u5fa9\u6d3b\u8d77\u4f86\u3002\u8f38\u5165\u6c11\u4e3b\u5236\u65bc\u5de5\u696d\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u610f\u5473\u6839\u672c\u4fee\u6539\u8a08\u5283\uff0c\u4f7f\u9069\u5408\u65bc\u5de5\u4eba\u5229\u76ca\u3002\u81ea\u7531\u8a0e\u8ad6\u7d93\u6fdf\u554f\u984c\u5c07\u6e1b\u5c11\u56e0\u5b98\u50da\u932f\u8aa4\u548c\u5de6\u53f3\u6416\u64fa\u800c\u9020\u6210\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u7ba1\u7406\u8cbb\u7684\u958b\u652f\u3002\u505c\u6b62\u5404\u7a2e\u6d6a\u8cbb\u91d1\u9322\u7684\u73a9\u85dd\u5152\uff0c\u5982\u8607\u7dad\u57c3\u5bae\u6bbf\u3001\u65b0\u6232\u9662\u3001\u70ab\u8000\u7684\u5730\u4e0b\u9435\u9053\u7b49\uff0c\u800c\u7528\u6b64\u7a2e\u7d93\u8cbb\u5efa\u7bc9\u5de5\u4eba\u4f4f\u5b85\u3002\u300c\u8cc7\u7522\u968e\u7d1a\u5206\u914d\u898f\u6e96\u300d\u5c07\u88ab\u9650\u5236\u65bc\u5341\u5206\u5fc5\u9700\u7684\u7bc4\u570d\u4e4b\u5167\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u96a8\u8457\u793e\u6703\u8ca1\u5bcc\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u5c07\u6f38\u6f38\u8b93\u4f4d\u65bc\u793e\u6703\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u5e73\u7b49\u3002\u7b49\u7d1a\u5236\u5c07\u7acb\u523b\u5ee2\u9664\u3002\u90a3\u4e9b\u8f1d\u714c\u7684\u52db\u7ae0\u5c07\u9001\u9032\u7194\u7210\u88e1\u53bb\u3002\u9752\u5e74\u4eba\u5c07\u6709\u6a5f\u6703\u80fd\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u547c\u5438\u3001\u6279\u8a55\u3001\u72af\u932f\u8aa4\uff0c\u4e26\u6210\u9577\u8d77\u4f86\u3002\u79d1\u5b78\u548c\u85dd\u8853\u5c07\u89e3\u812b\u9396\u934a\u3002\u6700\u5f8c\uff0c\u5916\u4ea4\u653f\u7b56\u4ea6\u5c07\u56de\u8f49\u5230\u9769\u547d\u7684\u570b\u969b\u4e3b\u7fa9\u4e4b\u50b3\u7d71\u53bb\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5341\u6708\u9769\u547d\u4e4b\u547d\u904b\uff0c\u73fe\u4eca\u6bd4\u4efb\u4f55\u6642\u5019\u66f4\u5bc6\u5207\u5730\u8207\u6b50\u6d32\u53ca\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u547d\u904b\u9023\u7e6b\u8457\u3002\u8607\u806f\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u73fe\u5728\u6b63\u53d6\u6c7a\u65bc\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u534a\u5cf6\uff0c\u53d6\u6c7a\u65bc\u6cd5\u570b\uff0c\u53d6\u6c7a\u65bc\u6bd4\u5229\u6642\u3002\u5230\u4e86\u672c\u66f8\u51fa\u7248\u6642\uff0c\u60c5\u52e2\u5c07\u6bd4\u4eca\u65e5\u5c1a\u5728\u99ac\u5fb7\u91cc\u57ce\u4e0b\u9032\u884c\u570b\u5167\u6230\u722d\u6642\u5019\u7121\u6bd4\u5730\u660e\u767d\u5f97\u591a\u3002\u82e5\u8607\u806f\u5b98\u50da\u53ca\u5176\u300c\u4eba\u6c11\u9663\u7dda\u300d\u7684\u80cc\u53db\u653f\u7b56\u6210\u529f\u5730\u4fdd\u8b49\u4e86\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u548c\u6cd5\u570b\u53cd\u52d5\u52e2\u529b\u7684\u52dd\u5229\uff08\u5171\u7522\u570b\u969b\u6b63\u5728\u76e1\u5176\u6240\u80fd\u5411\u9019\u65b9\u9762\u505a\u53bb\u7684\uff09\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u8607\u806f\u5c07\u767c\u73fe\u81ea\u5df1\u7f6e\u8eab\u5728\u5d29\u6f70\u908a\u7de3\u4e4b\u4e0a\u3002\u90a3\u6642\uff0c\u63d0\u4e0a\u8b70\u4e8b\u65e5\u7a0b\u7684\uff0c\u591a\u534a\u662f\u8cc7\u7522\u968e\u7d1a\u7684\u53cd\u9769\u547d\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5de5\u4eba\u53cd\u5c0d\u5b98\u50da\u4e4b\u66b4\u52d5\u3002\u53ef\u662f\uff0c\u5018\u82e5\u6539\u826f\u4e3b\u7fa9\u548c\u300c\u5171\u7522\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u9818\u8896\u5011\u300d\u7121\u8ad6\u5982\u4f55\u806f\u5408\u6020\u5de5\uff0c\u897f\u6b50\u7121\u7522\u968e\u7d1a\u4ecd\u7136\u5c0b\u5230\u4e86\u901a\u5f80\u653f\u6b0a\u53bb\u7684\u9053\u8def\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u8607\u806f\u6b77\u53f2\u4e0a\u5c31\u8981\u958b\u95e2\u4e00\u500b\u65b0\u7684\u7bc7\u7ae0\u3002\u6b50\u6d32\u9769\u547d\u4e4b\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u52dd\u5229\u5c07\u50cf\u9583\u96fb\u4e00\u822c\uff0c\u523a\u6fc0\u8607\u806f\u7fa4\u773e\uff0c\u4f7f\u4ed6\u5011\u7ad9\u8d77\u4f86\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u7368\u7acb\u7cbe\u795e\uff0c\u559a\u91921905\u5e74\u548c1917\u5e74\u7684\u50b3\u7d71\uff0c\u524a\u5f31\u62ff\u7834\u5d19\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u6839\u57fa\uff0c\u5176\u5c0d\u65bc\u7b2c\u56db\u570b\u969b\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\u5c07\u4e0d\u6e1b\u65bc\u5341\u6708\u9769\u547d\u5c0d\u65bc\u7b2c\u4e09\u570b\u969b\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\u3002\u60df\u6709\u8d70\u4e0a\u9019\u689d\u9053\u8def\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u5de5\u4eba\u570b\u5bb6\u624d\u80fd\u5f97\u6551\uff0c\u8d70\u5411\u793e\u6703\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u672a\u4f86\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\uff08\u5168\u66f8\u5b8c\uff09<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\">[1]<\/a>\u00a0Romain Rolland (1866-1944)\uff0c\u6cd5\u570b\u5c0f\u8aaa\u5bb6\uff0c\u8457\u6709\u300a\u7d04\u7ff0\u00b7\u514b\u5229\u65af\u6735\u592b\u300b\u30021915\u5e74\u7372\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u6587\u5b78\u734e\uff0c\u5f8c\u4f86\u6210\u70ba\u300c\u8607\u806f\u53cb\u4eba\u300d\u30021935\u5e74\u8a2a\u554f\u8607\u806f\u53ca\u62dc\u6703\u9ad8\u723e\u57fa\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref2\" name=\"_ftn2\">[2]<\/a>\u00a0Sindney Webb (1859-1947)\u53ca\u00a0Beatrice Webb (1858-1943)\uff0c\u4e8c\u4eba\u65bc1892\u5e74\u7d50\u5a5a\u3002\u5169\u4eba\u4ff1\u70ba\u82f1\u570b\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u3001\u5de5\u4eba\u904b\u52d5\u53f2\u5bb6\uff0c\u8cbb\u908a\u6d3e\u793e\u6703\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref3\" name=\"_ftn3\">[3]<\/a>\u5217\u5be7\u300a\u570b\u5bb6\u8207\u9769\u547d\u300b\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7ae0\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u7bc0<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref4\" name=\"_ftn4\">[4]<\/a>\u540c\u4e0a\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7ae0\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7bc0<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref5\" name=\"_ftn5\">[5]<\/a>\u540c\u4e0a\uff0c\u7b2c\u516d\u7ae0\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7bc0<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref6\" name=\"_ftn6\">[6]<\/a>\u5217\u5be7\u300a\u570b\u5bb6\u8207\u9769\u547d\u300b\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e09\u7ae0\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e09\u7bc0<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref7\" name=\"_ftn7\">[7]<\/a>\u00a0\u300a\u53cd\u675c\u6797\u8ad6\u300b\u7b2c\u4e09\u7bc7\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7ae0<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref8\" name=\"_ftn8\">[8]<\/a>\u00a0\u300a\u54e5\u9054\u7db1\u9818\u6279\u5224\u300b\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u7bc0<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref9\" name=\"_ftn9\">[9]<\/a>\u5217\u5be7\u300a\u570b\u5bb6\u8207\u9769\u547d\u300b\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e94\u7ae0\uff0c\u7b2c\u56db\u7bc0<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref10\" name=\"_ftn10\">[10]<\/a>\u00a0\u300a\u5fb7\u610f\u5fd7\u610f\u8b58\u5f62\u614b\u300b\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u5377\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ae0<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref11\" name=\"_ftn11\">[11]<\/a>\u82f1\u8b6f\u8005\u6309\uff1a\u672c\u66f8\u5728\u62c9\u72c4\u514b\u88ab\u6355\u4ee5\u524d\u5beb\u7684\uff0c\u4ed6\u4ee5\u524d\u66fe\u662f\u5de6\u6d3e\u53cd\u5c0d\u6d3e\uff0c1929\u5e74\u6295\u964d\u65af\u5927\u6797\uff0c\u5f8c\u88ab\u65af\u5927\u6797\u5224\u8655\u5341\u5e74\u5f92\u5211\uff0c\u7f6a\u540d\u64da\u8aaa\u662f\u300c\u9670\u8b00\u6697\u6bba\u9818\u8896\u300d\uff0c1939\u5e74\u88ab\u8655\u6c7a\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref12\" name=\"_ftn12\">[12]<\/a>\u53c8\u540d\u7b2c\u4e09\u570b\u969b\uff0c\u7e7c\u627f\u7531\u99ac\u514b\u601d\u53ca\u6069\u683c\u65af\u5148\u5f8c\u5275\u7acb\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u53ca\u7b2c\u4e8c\u570b\u969b\u7684\u7db1\u9818\uff0c\u5373\u63a8\u884c\u5de5\u4eba\u968e\u7d1a\u570b\u969b\u9769\u547d\u3002\u5171\u7522\u570b\u969b\u57281919\u5e74\u7531\u5217\u5be7\u3001\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u7b49\u5275\u7acb\uff0c1923\u5e74\u4ee5\u5f8c\u8b8a\u6210\u65af\u5927\u6797\u7684\u5916\u4ea4\u5de5\u5177\uff0c1943\u5e74\u88ab\u4ed6\u89e3\u6563\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref13\" name=\"_ftn13\">[13]<\/a>\u53f2\u5854\u7f55\u8afe\u592b\u662f\u5345\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e00\u500b\u7926\u5de5\uff0c\u4ee5\u8d85\u984d16\u500d\u5b8c\u6210\u52de\u52d5\u5b9a\u984d\u800c\u805e\u540d\u30021935\u5e74\u5b98\u65b9\u6b63\u5f0f\u5c55\u958b\u53f2\u5854\u7f55\u8afe\u592b\u904b\u52d5\uff0c\u5373\u52de\u52d5\u7af6\u8cfd\u3002\u7af6\u8cfd\u5f15\u8d77\u5de5\u8cc7\u5dee\u8ddd\u62c9\u5927\u548c\u5de5\u4eba\u4e0d\u6eff\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref14\" name=\"_ftn14\">[14]<\/a>\u00a0\u71b1\u6708(Thermidor)\u662f\u6cd5\u570b\u9769\u547d\uff08\u5171\u548c\uff09\u66c6\u6cd5\u7684\u7b2c\u5341\u4e00\u6708\uff0c\u7d04\u76f8\u7576\u65bc\u73fe\u884c\u516c\u66c6\u7684\u4e03\u6708\u5eff\u65e5\u81f3\u516b\u6708\u5341\u516b\u65e5\u3002\u5728\u5171\u548c\u4e8c\u5e74\uff08\u53731794\u5e74\uff09\u7684\u71b1\u6708\u4e5d\u65e5\uff0c\u516c\u5b89\u59d4\u54e1\u6703\u4e3b\u5e2d\u7f85\u4f2f\u65af\u6bd4\u723e\u88ab\u9001\u4e0a\u65b7\u982d\u53f0\uff0c\u5f9e\u6b64\u9769\u547d\u7531\u6b65\u6b65\u9ad8\u6f6e\u8b8a\u70ba\u6b65\u6b65\u9000\u6f6e\u3002\u9019\u6b21\u653f\u8b8a\u5f8c\u5f97\u52e2\u7684\u4eba\u88ab\u7a31\u70ba\u71b1\u6708\u6d3e\u3002\u5f9e\u6b64\u71b1\u6708\u4e00\u8a5e\u5c31\u6709\u9769\u547d\u505c\u6b62\u524d\u9032\u8da8\u65bc\u53cd\u52d5\u4e4b\u610f\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref15\" name=\"_ftn15\">[15]<\/a>\u00a0A.F. Kerensky (1881-1970)\uff0c\u539f\u70ba\u5f8b\u5e2b\uff0c1917\u5e743\u6708\u53c3\u52a0\u793e\u6703\u9769\u547d\u9ee8\uff0c\u5728\u81e8\u6642\u653f\u5e9c\u4e2d\u6b77\u4efb\u53f8\u6cd5\u90e8\u9577\u3001\u7e3d\u7406\u53ca\u6700\u9ad8\u7e3d\u53f8\u4ee4\u3002\u5341\u6708\u9769\u547d\u63a8\u7ffb\u81e8\u6642\u653f\u5e9c\u4e4b\u5f8c\u6d41\u4ea1\u6d77\u5916\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref16\" name=\"_ftn16\">[16]<\/a>\u00a0I.Tseretelli (1881-1959)\uff0c\u5b5f\u4ec0\u7dad\u514b\u9818\u8896\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5c46\u570b\u5bb6\u675c\u99ac\u4ee3\u8868\uff0c1917\u5e74\u4efb\u81e8\u6642\u653f\u5e9c\u90e8\u9577\uff0c1921\u5e74\u79fb\u5c45\u570b\u5916\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref17\" name=\"_ftn17\">[17]<\/a>(Rakovsky1873-1941)\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6230\u524d\u6d3b\u8e8d\u65bc\u5df4\u723e\u5e79\u7684\u5de5\u4eba\u9769\u547d\u904b\u52d5\uff0c\u4fc4\u570b\u9769\u547d\u5f8c\u6b77\u4efb\u8981\u8077\u3002\u4ed6\u662f\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u7684\u597d\u53cb\uff0c\u4ea6\u662f\u5de6\u6d3e\u53cd\u5c0d\u6d3e\u6210\u54e1\uff0c1927\u5e74\u88ab\u6d41\u653e\uff0c1934\u5e74\u6295\u964d\u53f2\u5927\u6797\uff0c1941\u5e74\u88ab\u6bba\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref18\" name=\"_ftn18\">[18]<\/a>\u00a0(Babeuf 1760-1797)\uff0c\u6cd5\u570b\u9769\u547d\u5bb6\u3002\u71b1\u6708\u653f\u8b8a\u5f8c\uff0c\u5df4\u8c9d\u592b\u7d44\u6210\u79d8\u5bc6\u5718\u9ad4\u5e73\u7b49\u6703\uff0c\u4f01\u5716\u5efa\u7acb\u52de\u52d5\u4eba\u6c11\u653f\u5e9c\uff0c\u7b56\u5283\u6b66\u88dd\u8d77\u7fa9\uff0c\u672a\u5be6\u73fe\u800c\u88ab\u6355\u8655\u6b7b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref19\" name=\"_ftn19\">[19]<\/a>\u00a0N.Krupskaya\uff081869-1939\uff09\u5217\u5be7\u59bb\u5b50\uff0c1890\u5e74\u8d77\u53c3\u52a0\u9769\u547d\u904b\u52d5\uff0c\u5341\u6708\u9769\u547d\u5f8c\u5f9e\u4e8b\u6559\u80b2\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u65af\u5927\u6797\u7576\u6b0a\u5f8c\u88ab\u5be6\u969b\u8edf\u7981\u30021926\u5e74\u4e00\u5ea6\u53c3\u52a0\u53cd\u5c0d\u6d3e\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref20\" name=\"_ftn20\">[20]<\/a>\u5373\u5217\u5be7\u3002\u5217\u5be7\u672c\u540d\u662f\u5f17\u62c9\u57fa\u723e\u7c73\uff0e\u4f0a\u91cc\u5947\uff0e\u70cf\u91cc\u63da\u6d1b\u592b\u00a0(Vladimiv Ilich Ulyanov)<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref21\" name=\"_ftn21\">[21]<\/a>\u00a01921\u5e74\uff0c\u6b63\u503c\u4fc4\u570b\u5167\u6230\u671f\u9593\uff0c\u8607\u7dad\u57c3\u4fc4\u570b\u7684\u514b\u6717\u65af\u5854\u5fb7(Krentadt)\u6d77\u8ecd\u57fa\u5730\u7684\u6c34\u5175\u53db\u8b8a\uff0c\u7d93\u904e\u5341\u65e5\u7684\u5287\u70c8\u6230\u9b25\u88ab\u8607\u7dad\u57c3\u653f\u5e9c\u93ae\u58d3\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref22\" name=\"_ftn22\">[22]<\/a>\u982d\u56db\u4eba\u5f8c\u4f86\u90fd\u57281936-39\u5e74\u7684\u5927\u6e05\u6d17\u4e2d\u88ab\u69cd\u6583\uff0c\u6258\u59c6\u65af\u57fa\u5247\u5728\u88ab\u6355\u524d\u541e\u69cd\u81ea\u6bba\u3002\u5b63\u8afe\u7dad\u4e5f\u592b(1883-1936)\uff0c\u5f9e1905\u5e74\u8d77\u5373\u70ba\u5217\u5be7\u5de6\u53f3\u624b\u3002\u5341\u6708\u9769\u547d\u5f8c\u6b77\u4efb\u653f\u5e9c\u8981\u8077\u53ca\u64d4\u4efb\u5171\u7522\u570b\u969b\u9996\u8166\u30021923\u5e74\u8d77\u540c\u52a0\u7c73\u6d85\u592b(1883-1936)\u4e00\u8d77\u8207\u65af\u5927\u6797\u7d50\u76df\u53cd\u5c0d\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\uff0c1925\u5e74\u5e95\u53c8\u53cd\u904e\u4f86\u8207\u6258\u7d50\u76df\u53cd\u5c0d\u65af\u5927\u6797\u3002\u5e03\u54c8\u6797(1888-1938)\u81ea1909\u8d77\u5373\u53c3\u52a0\u5e03\u723e\u4ec0\u7dad\u514b\uff0c\u5f9e\u4e8b\u9769\u547d\u6d3b\u52d5\u3002\u70ba\u9ee8\u5167\u8457\u540d\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u5bb6\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref23\" name=\"_ftn23\">[23]<\/a>\uff27\uff30\uff35\u2500\u2500\u7576\u6642\u8607\u806f\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u8b66\u5bdf\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref24\" name=\"_ftn24\">[24]<\/a>\u7d22\u65af\u6d1b\u7dad\u65af\u57fa(Sosnovsky,1886-1937)\uff0c\u6709\u723e\u4ec0\u7dad\u514b\u8a18\u8005\uff0c1928\u5e74\u4f5c\u70ba\u53cd\u5c0d\u6d3e\u6d41\u653e\u5df4\u723e\u7459\u723e\uff0c\u6b7b\u65bc\u5927\u6e05\u6d17\u6642\u671f\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref25\" name=\"_ftn25\">[25]<\/a>\u9019\u6bb5\u5c0d\u8a71\u5f88\u96e3\u7121\u8aa4\u5730\u8b6f\u70ba\u4e2d\u6587\u3002\u5728\u4fc4\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4eba\u7a31\u7684\u55ae\u6578\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u7531\u5c0a\u9577\u5c0d\u5f8c\u8f29\u5982\u5b69\u5b50\u6216\u50d5\u4eba\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref26\" name=\"_ftn26\">[26]<\/a>\u96c5\u6208\u9054\u662f\u7576\u6642\u683c\u5225\u70cf\u7684\u8ca0\u8cac\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref27\" name=\"_ftn27\">[27]<\/a>\u00a0\u300a\u570b\u5bb6\u8207\u9769\u547d\u300b\uff0c\u5217\u5be7\u9078\u96c6\u7b2c\u4e09\u5377\uff0c249\u9801<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref28\" name=\"_ftn28\">[28]<\/a>\u6307\u300a\u8607\u7dad\u57c3\u5171\u7522\u4e3b\u7fa9\u300b\uff0c1935\u5e74\u51fa\u7248<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref29\" name=\"_ftn29\">[29]<\/a>\u00a0\u5bc7\u677e(George Nathaniel Curson, 1859-1925),\u00a0\u82f1\u570b\u4fdd\u5b88\u9ee8\u4eba\ufe501919\u81f31924\u5e74\u4efb\u5916\u4ea4\u5927\u81e3\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref30\" name=\"_ftn30\">[30]<\/a>\u00a0\u52de\u5408\u00b7\u55ac\u6cbb(David Lloyd George, 1863-1945),\u00a0\u82f1\u570b\u4fdd\u5b88\u9ee8\u4eba\ufe501916\u81f31922\u5e74\u4efb\u82f1\u570b\u9996\u76f8\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref31\" name=\"_ftn31\">[31]<\/a>\u00a0\u5df4\u723e\u90fd(Jean Louis Firmin Barthou, 1862-1934),\u00a0\u82f1\u570b\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\ufe50\u5f8b\u5e2b\ufe501913\u5e74\u4efb\u7e3d\u7406\ufe501934\u5e74\u4efb\u5916\u4ea4\u90e8\u9577\ufe50\u540c\u5e74\u5341\u6708\u88ab\u6cd5\u897f\u65af\u4efd\u5b50\u6697\u6bba\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref32\" name=\"_ftn32\">[32]<\/a>\u00a0\u9b91\u723e\u6eab(Stanley Baldwin, 1967-1947),\u00a0\u82f1\u570b\u4fdd\u5b88\u9ee8\u4eba\ufe50\u4e09\u5ea6\u64d4\u4efb\u9996\u76f8(1923-1924,1924-1929,1935-1937)\u00a0\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref33\" name=\"_ftn33\">[33]<\/a>\u840a\u7fc1\u00b7\u52c3\u9b6f\u59c6(L\u00e9on Blum, 1872-1950),\u00a0\u6cd5\u570b\u793e\u6703\u9ee8\u9818\u8896\ufe50\u4e09\u5ea6\u51fa\u4efb\u6cd5\u570b\u7e3d\u7406(1936-1937, 1938\ufe501946-1947)\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref34\" name=\"_ftn34\">[34]<\/a>\u00a0\u53f2\u6cf0\u798f\u5fb7\uff0e\u514b\u91cc\u5e03\u65af(Stafford Cripps, 1889-1952),\u00a0\u82f1\u570b\u5de5\u9ee8\u4eba\ufe50\u4e8c\u6230\u671f\u9593\u66fe\u4efb\u99d0\u8607\u806f\u5927\u4f7f\ufe50\u6230\u5f8c\u4efb\u8ca1\u653f\u5927\u81e3\u591a\u5e74\ufe501951\u5e74\u4efb\u8cbb\u908a\u793e\u4e3b\u5e2d\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref35\" name=\"_ftn35\">[35]<\/a>\u00a0\u8c9d\u62c9\u00b7\u5b54(Bela Kun,1886-1939),\u00a0\u5308\u7259\u5229\u5171\u7522\u9ee8\u9818\u8896\ufe501919\u5e74\u4e09\u6708\u5728\u5308\u7259\u5229\u5efa\u7acb\u8607\u7dad\u57c3\u5171\u548c\u570b\ufe50\u4efb\u7e3d\u7406\u3002\u540c\u5e74\u516b\u6708\u4e00\u65e5\u5171\u548c\u570b\u7d66\u63a8\u7ffb\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref36\" name=\"_ftn36\">[36]<\/a>\u00a0\u5927\u885b(David)\u00a0\u662f\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u738b\ufe50\u5c11\u5e74\u6642\u4ee3\u66fe\u4ee5\u4e00\u584a\u77f3\u982d\u6253\u6557\u4e86\u5de8\u4eba\u6b4c\u5229\u4e9e(Goliath)\u00a0\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref37\" name=\"_ftn37\">[37]<\/a>\u00a0Leon Blum(1872-1950)\uff0c\u6cd5\u570b\u793e\u6703\u9ee8\u4e09\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u9818\u8896\uff0c1936\u5e74\u6210\u70ba\u7b2c\u4e00\u5c46\u4eba\u6c11\u9663\u7dda\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u7e3d\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref38\" name=\"_ftn38\">[38]<\/a>\u8b6f\u6ce8\uff1a\u5728\u8607\u7dad\u57c3\u6c11\u4e3b\u6642\u4ee3\uff0c\u5de5\u4eba\u4ee3\u8868\u5728\u8607\u7dad\u57c3\u8b70\u5e2d\u6240\u4f54\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\u7a0d\u9ad8\u65bc\u8fb2\u6c11\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5949\u884c\u7d55\u5c0d\u7684\u4e00\u4eba\u4e00\u7968\u9078\u8209\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref39\" name=\"_ftn39\">[39]<\/a>\u90a6\u4f11\u65af\u00b7\u5f7c\u62c9\u591a\uff08Pontius Pilate\uff09\u662f\u7f85\u99ac\u6d3e\u5728\u7336\u5730\u4e9e\u7684\u7e3d\u7763\u3002\u64da\u65b0\u7d04\u6545\u4e8b\uff0c\u662f\u4ed6\u5224\u8655\u8036\u7a4c\u91d8\u5341\u5b57\u67b6\u7684\u3002\u90a6\u4f11\u65af\u662f\u540d\uff0c\u5f7c\u62c9\u591a\u662f\u59d3\u3002\u9019\u53e5\u8a71\u7684\u610f\u601d\u662f\u8aaa\u65b0\u61b2\u6cd5\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u6539\u8b8a\u9078\u6c11\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref40\" name=\"_ftn40\">[40]<\/a>\u00a0Victor Serge (1890-1947)\uff0c\u6bd4\u5229\u6642\u4fc4\u570b\u50d1\u6c11\u4e4b\u5b50\uff0c\u65e9\u5e74\u70ba\u7121\u653f\u5e9c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\uff0c1919\u5e74\u62b5\u9054\u4fc4\u570b\uff0c\u6d3b\u8e8d\u65bc\u5171\u7522\u570b\u969b\u30021923\u5e74\u8d77\u53c3\u52a0\u5de6\u6d3e\u53cd\u5c0d\u6d3e\uff0c1933\u5e74\u88ab\u6355\u6d41\u653e\uff0c\u7d93\u570b\u969b\u8072\u63f4\u904b\u52d5\u5f8c\uff0c\u65bc1936\u5e74\u88ab\u9010\u51fa\u8607\u806f\uff0c1940\u5e74\u6d41\u4ea1\u5230\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref41\" name=\"_ftn41\">[41]<\/a>\u7b2c\u56db\u570b\u969b\u2500\u2500\u7531\u6d41\u653e\u570b\u5916\u7684\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u6240\u9818\u5c0e\uff0c\u6210\u7acb\u65bc1938\u5e74\u3002\u76f4\u81f31933\u5e74\u524d\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u81ea\u7a31\u70ba\u7b2c\u4e09\u570b\u969b\u5167\u7684\u5de6\u6d3e\u53cd\u5c0d\u6d3e\u3002\u7531\u65bc\u7b2c\u4e09\u570b\u969b\u7684\u6975\u5de6\u653f\u7b56\u4e0d\u50c5\u5ba2\u89c0\u4e0a\u5e6b\u52a9\u4e86\u5e0c\u7279\u62c9\u4e0a\u53f0\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u81ea\u59cb\u81f3\u7d42\u62d2\u4e0d\u8a8d\u932f\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6b64\u6642\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u8a8d\u70ba\u7b2c\u4e09\u570b\u969b\u5df2\u7d93\u58ae\u843d\u5230\u7121\u53ef\u6539\u826f\uff0c\u624d\u81f4\u529b\u65bc\u6210\u7acb\u7b2c\u56db\u570b\u969b\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u7e7c\u627f\u4e16\u754c\u5de5\u4eba\u9769\u547d\u904b\u52d5\u7684\u4efb\u52d9\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vc_column tdi_9  wpb_column vc_column_container tdc-column td-pb-span4 td-is-sticky\">\n<style scoped>\n\/* custom 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