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\/><\/p>\n<p><strong>IMF<\/strong><strong>\u7684\u89d2\u8272<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u4e9e\u6d32\u91d1\u878d\u98a8\u66b4\u4e4b\u969b\uff0cIMF\u63a8\u52d5\u7f8e\u540d\u70ba\u300c\u62ef\u6551\u65b9\u6848\u300d\u7684\u6b98\u9177\u7dca\u7e2e\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u906d\u5230\u5ee3\u6cdb\u7fa4\u773e\u7684\u53cd\u5c0d\u3002\u8fd1\u5e74\u4f86\u5728\u6b50\u6d32\u4ea6\u63a8\u51fa\u4e86\u985e\u4f3c\u7684\u79c1\u6709\u5316\u3001\u53bb\u7ba1\u5236\u8207\u5927\u5e45\u524a\u6e1b\u653f\u5e9c\u9805\u76ee\u958b\u652f\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u3002\u4e0d\u904eIMF\u537b\u5f14\u8a6d\u5730\u8cea\u7591\u6b50\u76df\u7576\u5c40\u53ca\u5176\u4e3b\u5c0e\u8005\uff08\u524d\u300c\u793e\u6703\u6d3e\u300d\u5fb7\u570b\u8cc7\u672c\u4e3b\u7fa9\uff09\u7684\u5f37\u786c\u7acb\u5834\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e8c\u5341\u5e74\u524d\uff0c\u4e9e\u6d32\u91d1\u878d\u98a8\u66b4\u4f7fIMF\u63a8\u51fa\u4e86\u7576\u6642\u53f2\u4e0a\u6700\u5927\u578b\u7684\u7d13\u56f0\u65b9\u6848\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\u5f8c\u4f86\u9019\u91d1\u984d\u88ab\u5176\u5c0d\u5e0c\u81d8\u3001\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u3001\u611b\u723e\u862d\u3001\u7f85\u99ac\u5c3c\u4e9e\u53ca\u70cf\u514b\u862d\u7684\u501f\u8cb8\u898f\u6a21\u6240\u8d85\u8d8a\u3002\u73fe\u5728\u9019\u4e9b\u570b\u5bb6\u6210\u4e86IMF\u6700\u5927\u7684\u6b20\u50b5\u570b\uff08\u9019\u4e9b\u300c\u501f\u8cb8\u300d\u53ea\u662f\u7528\u4f86\u511f\u9084\u90a3\u4e9b\u5438\u8840\u9b3c\u822c\u7684\u897f\u65b9\u9280\u884c\uff0c\u537b\u8981\u7576\u5730\u6c11\u773e\u901a\u904e\u79c1\u6709\u5316\u3001\u964d\u85aa\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u7dca\u7e2e\u958b\u652f\u4f86\u627f\u64d4\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e9e\u6d32\u7684\u300c\u5c0f\u9f8d\u7d93\u6fdf\u300d\u66fe\u662f\u5168\u7403\u8cc7\u672c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u7d93\u6fdf\u5947\u8e5f\uff0c\u57281980\u5e74\u4ee3\u4ee5\u4f86\u7684\u6bcf\u5e74\u7d93\u6fdf\u589e\u9577\u66fe\u7d93\u9ad8\u90546-8%\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u57281990\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u60c5\u6cc1\u767c\u751f\u4e86\u91cd\u5927\u8f49\u8b8a\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u570b\u5bb6\u958b\u59cb\u63da\u68c4\u300c\u4e9e\u6d32\u4e4b\u8def\u300d\uff0c\u5373\u4e0d\u518d\u4ee5\u65e5\u672c1960-70\u5e74\u4ee3\u5d1b\u8d77\uff08\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4fdd\u8b77\u4e3b\u7fa9\u548c\u570b\u5bb6\u5e72\u9810\uff09\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u70ba\u57fa\u790e\uff0c\u4e26\u5728\u7f8e\u570b\u4e3b\u5c0e\u7684\u5168\u7403\u5316\u58d3\u529b\u4e0b\u653e\u958b\u5c0d\u5916\u570b\u8cc7\u672c\u7684\u7ba1\u5236\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u53d6\u6d88\u4e86\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\u898f\u7ba1\u3002\u5730\u65b9\u8cc7\u672c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5df2\u7d93\u300c\u6210\u578b\u300d\uff0c\u610f\u601d\u662f\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u53d7\u5230\u91d1\u878d\u5316\u548c\u5bc4\u751f\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u7522\u80fd\u904e\u5269\u548c\u79d1\u6280\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u4ed6\u5177\u5be6\u9ad4\u751f\u7522\u529b\u7684\u5229\u6f64\u4f86\u6e90\u88ab\u58d3\u7e2e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u57281997\u5e74\u4e4b\u524d\uff0cIMF\u70ba\u5371\u6a5f\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u689d\u4ef6\u3002\u5b83\u4ecb\u5165\u4e86\u5371\u6a5f\u7576\u4e2d\uff0c\u63a8\u884c\u4eca\u5929\u5c0d\u5e0c\u81d8\u6240\u63a1\u53d6\u7684\u91ce\u883b\u7dca\u7e2e\u63aa\u65bd\u4f86\u300c\u6551\u5e02\u300d\uff0c\u81f4\u4f7f\u5371\u6a5f\u66f4\u52a0\u7cdf\u7cd5\u3002\u5728\u514b\u6797\u9813\u57f7\u653f\u3001\u65b0\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5168\u7403\u5316\u7684\u9f0e\u76db\u6642\u671f\uff0cIMF\u4e5f\u4f5c\u70ba\u7f8e\u570b\u5916\u4ea4\u653f\u7b56\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5ef6\u4f38\u3002IMF\u5728\u4e9e\u6d32\u91d1\u878d\u5371\u6a5f\u4e2d\u7684\u6158\u6557\u5f8c\u6539\u8b8a\u4e86\u98a8\u683c\uff0c\u88ab\u8feb\u53cd\u601d\u5b83\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u57fa\u672c\u505a\u6cd5\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6700\u7d42\u7d50\u8ad6\u53ea\u80fd\u662f\u300c\u6c5f\u5c71\u6613\u6539\uff0c\u672c\u6027\u96e3\u79fb\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u6cf0\u570b<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>IMF\u6279\u5224\u8005\u3001\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u734e\u5f97\u4e3b\u3001\u524d\u4e16\u754c\u9280\u884c\u9996\u5e2d\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u5bb6\u7d04\u745f\u592b\uff0e\u65af\u8482\u683c\u5229\u8328\uff08Joseph 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Blustein\uff09\u7684\u66a2\u92b7\u66f8\u300a\u61f2\u6212\u300b\u6240\u8ff0\uff08\u516c\u5171\u4e8b\u52d9\u51fa\u7248\uff0c2001\uff09\uff0c\u7576\u6642IMF\u7e3d\u88c1\u7c73\u6b47\u723e\uff0e\u5eb7\u5fb7\u8607\uff08Michel Camdessus\uff09\u6b63\u5728\u89aa\u81ea\u8207\u97d3\u570b\u653f\u5e9c\u9032\u884c\u8ac7\u5224\u6642\uff0c\u514b\u6797\u9813\u7e3d\u7d71\u7684\u8ca1\u653f\u90e8\u9577\u7f85\u4f2f\u7279\uff0e\u9b6f\u8cd3\uff08Robert Rubin\uff09\u81f4\u96fb\u7d66\u5eb7\u5fb7\u8607\uff0c\u5411\u4ed6\u300c\u975e\u5e38\u76f4\u7387\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u7f8e\u570b\u4e0d\u6703\u63a5\u53d7\u4e00\u500b\u8edf\u5f31\u7684\u8a08\u5283\u300d\u3002\u514b\u6797\u9813\u7576\u5c40\u4ee3\u8868\u83ef\u723e\u8857\u5229\u76ca\u9032\u884c\u65bd\u58d3\uff0c\u5f15\u767c\u4e86\u53f2\u7121\u524d\u4f8b\u7684\u7dca\u5f35\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u4ea6\u6210\u4e86\u4eca\u5929\u5730\u7de3\u653f\u6cbb\u7248\u5716\u8b8a\u5316\u3001\u7f8e\u570b\u5728\u4e9e\u6d32\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u6e1b\u5f31\u7684\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u500b\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u800c\u4e2d\u570b\u5d1b\u8d77\u52a0\u5287\u4e86\u9019\u4e00\u60c5\u52e2\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u9280\u884c\u5012\u9589<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u5728IMF\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u4e0b\uff0c\u6cf0\u570b\u7684\u5931\u696d\u7387\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u4e09\u500d\uff0c\u57ce\u5e02\u5de5\u8cc7\u4e0b\u964d\u4e86\u767e\u5206\u4e4b\u516b\u3002\u7d93\u6fdf\u4e0b\u6ed1\u7684\u56b4\u91cd\u6027\u4fc3\u4f7fIMF\u4e09\u601d\uff0c\u4e26\u6566\u4fc3\u6cf0\u570b\u653f\u5e9c\u63a5\u7d0d\u9810\u7b97\u8d64\u5b57\u3002\u4e00\u500bIMF\u7684\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u5bb6\u8aaa\uff1a\u300c\u6211\u5f9e\u4f86\u6c92\u6709\u60f3\u5230\u6211\u5011\u6703\u9019\u6a23\u8aaa\u300d\u30021997\u5e748\u6708\uff0c\u6cf0\u570b\u653f\u5e9c\u8a08\u5283\u63a8\u52d5\u5b58\u6b3e\u4fdd\u969c\u8a08\u5283\uff0c\u4ee5\u514d\u9280\u884c\u51fa\u73fe\u5927\u64e0\u63d0\uff0c\u4f46\u8d77\u521d\u906d\u5230IMF\u7684\u53cd\u5c0d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6700\u7d42\u6cf0\u570b\u653f\u5e9c\u5805\u6301\u5df1\u898b\u3002\u64da\u4e00\u540dIMF\u5b98\u54e1\u7684\u8aaa\u6cd5\uff0c\u6cf0\u653f\u5e9c\u300c\u907f\u514d\u6cf0\u570b\u9280\u884c\u9ad4\u7cfb\u5b8c\u5168\u5d29\u6f70\u300d\uff0c\u8207\u5370\u5c3c\u7684\u72c0\u6cc1\u622a\u7136\u76f8\u53cd\u3002\u5728\u5370\u5c3cIMF\u53cd\u5c0d\u63a1\u53d6\u985e\u4f3c\u6cf0\u570b\u7684\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u8b93\u9280\u884c\u5012\u9589\uff0c\u7d50\u679c\u5168\u570b\u534a\u6578\u4f01\u696d\u7834\u7522\u4e86\u3002IMF\u76841999\u5e74\u5ea6\u5831\u544a\u627f\u8a8d\uff0c\u5176\u5728\u5370\u5c3c\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u300c\u73fe\u5728\u770b\u8d77\u4f86\u662f\u4e0d\u660e\u667a\u7684\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6cf0\u570b\u8ca1\u653f\u90e8\u9577\u62b1\u6028\u8aaa\uff1a\u300c\u7d42\u6709\u4e00\u5929\uff0c\u6c92\u6709IMF\u8077\u54e1\u80fd\u4f86\u4e9e\u6d32\u300d\u3002\u6cf0\u570b\u548c\u97d3\u570b\u653f\u5e9c\u6700\u521d\u5728\u5c0b\u6c42\u65e5\u672c\u7dca\u6025\u96d9\u908a\u8cb8\u6b3e\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u88ab\u8feb\u5c0b\u6c42IMF\u7684\u5e6b\u52a9\u6642\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u8cc7\u672c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u6253\u8457\u300c\u4e9e\u6d32\u5718\u7d50\u300d\u7684\u724c\uff0c\u5c07\u5371\u6a5f\u8996\u70ba\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u64f4\u5c55\u5728\u4e9e\u6d32\u5927\u9678\u52e2\u529b\u7684\u6a5f\u6703\u3002\u4f46\u56e0\u70ba\u65e5\u672c\u9280\u884c\u696d\u5f62\u52e2\u56b4\u5cfb\uff0c\u64f4\u5145\u7684\u91ce\u5fc3\u88ab\u5236\u8861\u4e0b\u4f86\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5373\u4f7f\u65e5\u672c\u80fd\u5920\u70ba\u5371\u6a5f\u4e2d\u7684\u570b\u5bb6\u63d0\u51fa\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u300c\u62ef\u6551\u65b9\u6848\u300d\uff0c\u5176\u7d50\u679c\u4ea6\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u5206\u5225\u3002\u5728\u8cc7\u672c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u53ca\u5176\u300c\u5229\u6f64\u512a\u5148\u300d\u7684\u908f\u8f2f\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u9019\u6703\u5c0e\u81f4\u8f03\u70ba\u7de9\u6162\u6f38\u9032\u7684\u7dca\u7e2e\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u4f46\u81ea\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u300c\u5931\u53bb\u7684\u4e8c\u5341\u5e74\u300d\u3001\u591a\u6b21\u7d93\u6fdf\u8870\u9000\u548c\u9280\u884c\u5371\u6a5f\u5f8c\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u770b\u5230\u5de5\u4eba\u968e\u7d1a\u6700\u7d42\u90fd\u8981\u70ba\u8cc7\u672c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u5931\u6557\u57cb\u55ae\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u8ca7\u7aae\u52a0\u5287\u3001\u5916\u5224\u53ca\u77ed\u671f\u5408\u7d04\u5de5\u7684\u7206\u70b8\u6027\u589e\u52a0\uff08\u5230\u4eca\u5929\u9019\u500b\u6bd4\u7387\u4f54\u7e3d\u52de\u52d5\u4eba\u53e3\u768437.5%\uff0c\u51a0\u7d55\u5168\u7403\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img 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