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1867<\/strong>\u5e74<\/strong>\u9078\u8209<\/strong>\u6539\u9769\u6cd5\u6848\u9812\u5e03<\/strong>150<\/strong>\u5468\u5e74<\/strong><\/p>\n

150\u5e74\u524d\uff0c\u9677\u5165\u5206\u88c2\u7684\u4fdd\u5b88\u9ee8\u5c11\u6578\u6d3e\u653f\u5e9c\u88ab\u8feb\u5728\u9078\u8209\u554f\u984c\u4e0a\u5411\u6fc0\u9032\u5316\u4e86\u7684\u5de5\u4eba\u968e\u7d1a\u505a\u51fa\u91cd\u5927\u8b93\u6b65\u3002\u9019\u70ba\u5de5\u6703\u7d44\u5efa\u5de5\u4eba\u7fa4\u773e\u653f\u9ee8\u5275\u9020\u4e86\u5de8\u5927\u6a5f\u6703\uff08\u6b64\u6642\u8ddd\u5de5\u9ee8\u6210\u7acb\u9084\u6709\u4e09\u5341\u591a\u5e74\uff09\u3002\u5409\u59c6\u00b7\u970d\u9813\uff08Jim Horton\uff09\u56de\u982d\u5be9\u8996\u9019\u4e00\u6bb5\u91cd\u8981\u6b77\u53f2\uff0c\u4e26\u5f9e\u4e2d\u7e3d\u7d50\u51fa\u4e00\u4e9b\u6559\u8a13\u4ee5\u4f9b\u4eca\u65e5\u501f\u9452\u3002<\/p>\n

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1867\u5e74\uff0c\u7d71\u6cbb\u968e\u7d1a\u4ecd\u7136\u8a8d\u70ba\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u53ea\u5141\u8a31\u4e00\u5c0f\u90e8\u5206\u6c11\u4e3b\u6b0a\u5229\u3002\u4fdd\u5b88\u9ee8\u548c\u81ea\u7531\u9ee8\u4e00\u540c\u52aa\u529b\u963b\u6b62\u6fc0\u9032\u7684\u9078\u8209\u6b0a\u6539\u9769\uff08\u8ce6\u8207\u5de5\u4eba\u7fa4\u773e\u6295\u7968\u6b0a\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u5c0d\u65bc\u61c9\u8a72\u9032\u884c\u90e8\u5206\u6539\u9769\u9084\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u62d2\u7d55\u6539\u9769\u624d\u80fd\u6700\u597d\u5730\u9054\u5230\u9019\u500b\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u5169\u9ee8\u7522\u751f\u4e86\u5206\u6b67\u3002\u4e00\u958b\u59cb\uff0c\u8fea\u65af\u96f7\u5229\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4efd\u6709\u9650\u7684\u6539\u9769\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u5718\u7d50\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4fdd\u5b88\u9ee8\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u6fc0\u5316\u81ea\u7531\u9ee8\u5167\u90e8\u7684\u5206\u88c2\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u5206\u88c2\u6539\u9769\u904b\u52d5\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u904f\u5236\u5de5\u4eba\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5fa9\u8607\u3002\u7576\u6642\u5de5\u4eba\u653f\u6cbb\u9b25\u722d\u7684\u898f\u6a21\u770b\u4e0a\u53bb\u5c31\u8981\u56de\u5fa9\u5230\u61b2\u7ae0\u904b\u52d5\u6700\u6fc0\u70c8\u7684\u6642\u671f\uff08\u53c3\u898b\u300a\u968e\u7d1a\u9b25\u722d\u548c\u65e9\u671f\u61b2\u7ae0\u904b\u52d5\u300b\u82f1\u6587\u7248\uff0c\u300a\u4eca\u65e5\u793e\u6703\u4e3b\u7fa9\u300b\u7b2c129\u671f\uff0c2009\u5e746\u6708\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u5e74\u524d\uff0c\u81ea\u7531\u9ee8\u653f\u5e9c\u4ee3\u8868\u5a01\u5ec9\u00b7\u683c\u840a\u65af\u9813\uff08William Gladstone\uff09\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6539\u9769\u65b9\u6848\u3002\u7576\u6642\u9084\u6c92\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u8de1\u50cf\u8868\u660e\u6539\u9769\u904b\u52d5\u6703\u767c\u5c55\u6210\u7fa4\u773e\u904b\u52d5\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u683c\u840a\u65af\u9813\u63d0\u6848\u88ab\u5426\u6c7a\u3001\u81ea\u7531\u9ee8\u4e0b\u53f0\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u6297\u8b70\u548c\u793a\u5a01\u51fa\u4eba\u610f\u6599\u5730\u5e2d\u5377\u4e86\u5168\u570b\u3002\u986f\u7136\uff0c\u7d71\u6cbb\u968e\u7d1a\u5b8c\u5168\u8aa4\u5224\u4e86\u5de5\u4eba\u7684\u60c5\u7dd2\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u770b\u51fa\u4ed6\u5011\u5df2\u7d93\u51c6\u5099\u597d\u8d70\u4e0a\u8857\u982d\u5f37\u8feb\u653f\u5e9c\u505a\u51fa\u8b8a\u9769\uff08\u9019\u8207\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5efa\u5236\u8aa4\u5224\u812b\u6b50\u516c\u6295\u7d50\u679c\u548c\u5de5\u4eba\u7684\u53cd\u7dca\u7e2e\u60c5\u7dd2\u5982\u51fa\u4e00\u8f4d\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u61b2\u7ae0\u904b\u52d5<\/strong><\/p>\n

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1850\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\u8cc7\u672c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7d93\u6fdf\u958b\u59cb\u4e86\u5b83\u7684\u4e8c\u5341\u5e74\u4e0a\u5347\u671f\uff0c\u96a8\u4e4b\u51fa\u73fe\u4e86\u4ee5\u719f\u7df4\u624b\u5de5\u696d\u5de5\u4eba\u70ba\u4e3b\u7684\u65b0\u6a21\u7bc4\u5de5\u6703\u3002\u96d6\u7136\u5de5\u4eba\u4ecd\u5728\u70ba\u63d0\u9ad8\u5de5\u8cc7\u548c\u6539\u5584\u5de5\u4f5c\u689d\u4ef6\u9032\u884c\u8271\u82e6\u7684\u7f77\u5de5\uff0c\u4f46\u9019\u4e9b\u5de5\u6703\u7684\u9818\u5c0e\u4eba\u62d2\u7d55\u50cf\u61b2\u7ae0\u904b\u52d5\u6642\u671f\u90a3\u6a23\u767c\u8d77\u52c7\u731b\u7684\u7522\u696d\u9b25\u722d\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u9b25\u722d\u3002\u5de5\u6703\u9818\u5c0e\u4eba\u6c92\u6709\u8208\u8da3\u70ba\u5ee3\u5927\u7684\u534a\u6280\u8853\u548c\u975e\u6280\u8853\u5de5\u4eba\u767c\u8072\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4ed6\u5011\u4e5f\u4e0d\u6253\u7b97\u63d0\u51fa\u5de5\u4eba\u968e\u7d1a\u7684\u7368\u7acb\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u8a34\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n

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1854\u5e74\u4e4b\u5f8c\u7684\u6b77\u5c46\u81ea\u7531\u9ee8\u548c\u4fdd\u5b88\u9ee8\u653f\u5e9c\u8a8d\u70ba\u5de5\u4eba\u968e\u7d1a\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0a\u5df2\u7d93\u9677\u5165\u6c89\u5bc2\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4ed6\u5011\u6253\u7b97\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u6539\u9769\u9078\u8209\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u628a\u6295\u7968\u6b0a\u64f4\u5927\u5230\u4e2d\u7522\u968e\u7d1a\u548c\u4e00\u5c0f\u90e8\u5206\u300c\u8ca0\u8cac\u4efb\u7684\u300d\u6280\u8853\u5de5\u4eba\u3002\u6240\u6709\u9019\u4e9b\u63d0\u6848\u90fd\u88ab\u5426\u6c7a\u4e86\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u9019\u4e9b\u5931\u6557\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u5f15\u8d77\u5de5\u6703\u9818\u5c0e\u4eba\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u660e\u986f\u53cd\u61c9\uff0c\u4e5f\u6c92\u6709\u559a\u8d77\u5de5\u4eba\u7fa4\u773e\u7684\u9b25\u722d\u3002\u8f1d\u683c\u9ee8\u4eba*\u548c\u4fdd\u5b88\u9ee8\u4eba\u5632\u7b11\u8b70\u6703\u88e1\u7684\u6539\u9769\u6d3e\u8aaa\uff0c\u9078\u8209\u6539\u9769\u6c92\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u53ef\u89c0\u7684\u652f\u6301\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5c31\u7b97\u5728\u9019\u500b\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u7d71\u6cbb\u968e\u7d1a\u9084\u662f\u8aa4\u8b80\u4e86\u7fa4\u773e\u7684\u60c5\u7dd2\u3002\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u5de5\u4eba\u5c0d\u6539\u9769\u4e0d\u611f\u8208\u8da3\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8ca7\u4e4f\u7684\u6539\u9769\u63d0\u6848\u7121\u6cd5\u6fc0\u8d77\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u8208\u8da3\uff08\u7279\u5225\u662f\u5728\u5de5\u6703\u9818\u5c0e\u4eba\u6c92\u6709\u64d4\u8ca0\u8d77\u9818\u5c0e\u8cac\u4efb\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

\u722d\u53d6\u767c\u8a00\u6b0a\u7684\u5de5\u4eba\u9b25\u722d<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u76e1\u7ba1\u5de5\u4eba\u9b25\u5fd7\u4f4e\u843d\uff0c\u7d71\u6cbb\u968e\u7d1a\u9084\u662f\u4e0d\u6562\u64f4\u5927\u9078\u8209\u6b0a\uff0c\u4f46\u9019\u4e26\u975e\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u50cf\u4e00\u4e9b\u570b\u6703\u8b70\u54e1\u548c\u8a31\u591a\u6b77\u53f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u6240\u8aaa\u7684\uff1a\u5de5\u4eba\u6c92\u6709\u53d7\u904e\u6559\u80b2\u6216\u8005\u9053\u5fb7\u4f4e\u52a3\u30021860\u5e74\u8d6b\u7279\u798f\u5fb7\u90e1\u7684\u4fdd\u5b88\u9ee8\u8b70\u54e1\u8aaa\u5f97\u66f4\u51c6\u78ba\uff0c\u4ed6\u8aaa\u5982\u679c\u628a\u6295\u7968\u6b0a\u64f4\u5927\u5230\u300c\u9ad4\u529b\u5de5\u4eba\uff0c\u6700\u5f8c\u4e00\u5b9a\u6703\u8b93\u9ad4\u529b\u5de5\u4eba\u64c1\u6709\u51cc\u99d5\u65bc\u96c7\u4f63\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u8cc7\u672c\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u6b0a\u529b\u300d\u3002\u4ee3\u8868\u611b\u4e01\u5821\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u9ee8\u570b\u6703\u8b70\u54e1\u8b1b\u8ff0\u4e86\u4ed6\u548c\u300c\u5435\u9b27\u7684\u717d\u52d5\u8005\u300d\u95dc\u65bc\u5341\u5c0f\u6642\u5de5\u4f5c\u5236\u6cd5\u6848\u7684\u4e00\u6b21\u6703\u8b70\u3002\u4ed6\u88ab\u554f\u5230\u662f\u5426\u6703\u628a\u5de5\u4f5c\u65e5\u964d\u4f4e\u52308\u5c0f\u6642\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u56de\u7b54\u65e2\u6709\u8f15\u8511\u53c8\u6709\u6050\u61fc\uff1a\u300c\u6211\u7576\u9762\u544a\u8a34\u4ed6\u5011\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u554f\u984c\u53ea\u6703\u8b49\u660e\u7d66\u4e88\u4ed6\u5011\u9078\u8209\u6b0a\u6709\u591a\u9ebc\u5371\u96aa\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u57281867\u5e74\u524d\u5e7e\u5e74\uff0c\u5efa\u5236\u5c0d\u65bc\u5de5\u6703\u5f71\u97ff\u529b\u7684\u589e\u9577\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u7126\u616e\uff08\u5373\u4fbf\u9818\u5c0e\u4eba\u662f\u6eab\u548c\u6d3e\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4e5f\u64d4\u5fc3\u7522\u696d\u884c\u52d5\u6703\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u904b\u52d5\u806f\u7cfb\u8d77\u4f86\u3002\u57281860\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u81ea\u7531\u9ee8\uff08\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u524d\u8eab\u8f1d\u683c\u9ee8\uff09\u9818\u8896\u5e15\u9ed8\u65af\u9813\u52db\u7235\uff08Lord Palmerston\uff09\u548c\u4fdd\u5b88\u9ee8\u9818\u8896\u5fb7\u6bd4\u52db\u7235\uff08Lord Derby\uff09\u540c\u610f\u628a\u6539\u9769\u554f\u984c\u64f1\u7f6e\u3002<\/p>\n

1860\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\u904b\u52d5\u7684\u5fa9\u8208\u4e00\u958b\u59cb\u662f\u7531\u4e2d\u7522\u968e\u7d1a\u6539\u9769\u6d3e\uff08\u6bd4\u5982\u6fc0\u9032\u6d3e\u8b70\u54e1\u7d04\u7ff0\u00b7\u5e03\u8cf4\u7279\uff09\u9818\u5c0e\u7684\u3002\u5317\u90e8\u548c\u4e2d\u90e8\u5730\u5340\u6210\u7acb\u4e86\u300c\u6539\u9769\u806f\u76df\u300d\uff08reform union\uff09\u3002\u8a31\u591a\u9019\u4e9b\u300c\u6fc0\u9032\u6d3e\u300d\u9818\u5c0e\u662f\u8207\u5de5\u6703\u52e2\u4e0d\u5169\u7acb\u7684\u4f01\u696d\u4e3b\u3002\u5e03\u8cf4\u7279\u81ea\u5df1\u5c31\u53cd\u5c0d\u904e\u5341\u5c0f\u6642\u5de5\u4f5c\u5236\u6cd5\u6848\u30021864\u5e74\u5168\u570b\u6539\u9769\u806f\u76df\uff08National Reform Union\uff09\u6210\u7acb\uff0c\u4e26\u806f\u5408\u4e86\u66fc\u5fb9\u65af\u7279\u7684\u5bcc\u6709\u5e97\u4e3b\u3001\u5de5\u5ee0\u4e3b\u3001\u5546\u4eba\u548c\u9032\u6b65\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u9ee8\u653f\u5ba2\u4ee5\u53ca\u5de5\u4eba\u968e\u7d1a\u6fc0\u9032\u6d3e\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5927\u9ad4\u8aaa\u4f86\uff0c\u6539\u9769\u806f\u76df\u652f\u6301\u300c\u6210\u5e74\u7537\u6027\u9078\u8209\u6b0a\u300d\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u516c\u958b\u8a34\u6c42\u662f\u66f4\u6709\u9650\u7684\u300c\u6236\u4e3b\u9078\u8209\u6b0a\u300d\u3002\u5c31\u50cf\u6240\u6709\u985e\u4f3c\u7684\u7fa4\u773e\u904b\u52d5\u90a3\u6a23\uff0c\u5de5\u4eba\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u5f9e\u5c6c\u65bc\u4e2d\u7522\u968e\u7d1a\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u3002\u50cf\u5e03\u8cf4\u7279\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u6fc0\u9032\u6d3e\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f88\u8f15\u677e\u5730\u547c\u7c72\u7d66\u4e88\u90a3\u4e9b\u652f\u6301\u4e2d\u7522\u968e\u7d1a\u81ea\u52a9\u8ad6\u3001\u500b\u4eba\u4e3b\u7fa9\u548c\u81ea\u7531\u653e\u4efb\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u719f\u7df4\u5de5\u4eba\u9078\u8209\u6b0a\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4ed6\u5011\u5805\u6c7a\u53cd\u5c0d\u628a\u9078\u8209\u6b0a\u653e\u5bec\u5230\u90a3\u4e9b\u300c\u5371\u96aa\u7684\u968e\u7d1a\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5de5\u6703\u767c\u8d77\u4e86\u4ed6\u5011\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6539\u9769\u904b\u52d5\u3002\u502b\u6566\u5de5\u6703\u806f\u5408\u6703\uff08London Trades Council\uff09\u57281860\u5e74\u5c31\u6210\u7acb\u4e86\u5de5\u6703\u653f\u6cbb\u806f\u76df\uff08Trade Union Political Union\uff09\u3002\u800c\u4e14\uff0c\u5de5\u4eba\u968e\u7d1a\u653f\u6cbb\u904b\u52d5\u7684\u5fa9\u8208\u53d7\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u570b\u969b\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u9f13\u821e\uff1a1859\u5e74\u610f\u5927\u5229\u7d71\u4e00\u904b\u52d5\u30011863\u5e74\u6ce2\u862d\u8d77\u7fa9\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u76841861-65\u5e74\u7f8e\u570b\u5167\u6230\u3002\u6240\u6709\u9019\u4e9b\u4e8b\u4ef6\u90fd\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u722d\u53d6\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u7fa4\u773e\u9b25\u722d\u3002<\/p>\n

1865\u5e74\uff0c\u5728\u70ba\u6b61\u8fce\u610f\u5927\u5229\u7d71\u4e00\u904b\u52d5\u9818\u8896\u52a0\u91cc\u6ce2\u7b2c\u4f86\u5230\u502b\u6566\u800c\u6210\u7acb\u7684\u52a0\u91cc\u6ce2\u7b2c\u5de5\u4eba\u59d4\u54e1\u6703\uff08Working Men\u2019s Garibaldi Committee\uff09\u7684\u57fa\u790e\u4e0a\uff0c\u6210\u7acb\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u65b0\u7684\u6539\u9769\u7d44\u7e54\u300c\u5168\u570b\u6539\u9769\u806f\u5408\u6703\u300d\uff08National Reform League\uff09\u3002\u9019\u500b\u806f\u5408\u6703\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u904e\u53bb\u7684\u61b2\u7ae0\u904b\u52d5\u8005\u7684\u652f\u6301\u3002\u99ac\u514b\u601d\u9818\u5c0e\u7684\u570b\u969b\u5de5\u4eba\u5354\u6703\uff08International Workingmen\u2019s Association\uff0c\u5373\u7b2c\u4e00\u570b\u969b\uff09\u9818\u5c0e\u4e86\u806f\u5408\u6703\u7684\u5efa\u7acb\u548c1867\u5e74\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6539\u9769\u6cd5\u6848\u524d\u7684\u6574\u500b\u9b25\u722d\u3002\u6539\u9769\u806f\u5408\u6703\u5728\u862d\u958b\u590f\u90e1\u3001\u7d04\u514b\u90e1\u897f\u5340\u3001\u6cf0\u6069\u8cfd\u5fb7\u3001\u4f2f\u660e\u7ff0\u548c\u502b\u6566\u64c1\u6709\u5927\u6279\u652f\u6301\u8005\u3002\u57281867\u5e74\u521d\uff0c\u806f\u5408\u6703\u6709400\u500b\u652f\u90e8\uff0c\u800c\u6539\u9769\u806f\u76df\u53ea\u6709130\u500b\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u8cc7\u672c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8207\u6c11\u4e3b<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\"\"<\/p>\n

\u7fa4\u773e<\/strong>\u7684<\/strong>\u61a4\u6012<\/strong><\/p>\n

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1867\u5e742\u6708\uff0c\u6539\u9769\u806f\u5408\u6703\u7684\u4e00\u6b21\u5168\u9ad4\u4ee3\u8868\u6703\u8b70\u8b66\u544a\u8aaa\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u8b70\u6703\u540c\u610f\u666e\u9078\uff0c\u5426\u5247\u300c\u5c31\u5fc5\u9808\u8003\u616e\u8b93\u9019\u4e9b\u968e\u7d1a\u7684\u7522\u696d\u5b8c\u5168\u505c\u8f49\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u4ed6\u5011\u8b93\u51fa\u653f\u6cbb\u6b0a\u5229\u300d\u3002\u5efa\u7bc9\u5de5\u6703\u9818\u5c0e\u4eba\u55ac\u6cbb\u00b7\u6ce2\u7279\uff08George Potter\uff09\u5a01\u8105\u8aaa\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u7acb\u5373\u6388\u4e88\u6240\u6709\u6236\u4e3b\u548c\u623f\u5ba2\u6295\u7968\u6b0a\uff0c\u5c31\u8981\u767c\u52d5\u9577\u9054\u4e00\u5468\u7684\u7e3d\u7f77\u5de5\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u7d71\u6cbb\u968e\u7d1a<\/strong>\u9000\u8b93<\/strong><\/p>\n

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