{"id":23202,"date":"2020-04-27T23:05:36","date_gmt":"2020-04-27T15:05:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/chinaworker.info\/?p=23202"},"modified":"2020-06-02T23:44:05","modified_gmt":"2020-06-02T15:44:05","slug":"%e5%88%97%e5%af%a7-150%e5%b9%b4%e8%aa%95%e8%be%b0%e7%b4%80%e5%bf%b5","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chinaworker.info\/zh-hant\/2020\/04\/27\/23202\/","title":{"rendered":"\u5217\u5be7\u2013150\u5e74\u8a95\u8fb0\u7d00\u5ff5"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>\u4f5b\u62c9\u8fea\u7c73\u723e\u2027\u4f0a\u91cc\u5947\u2027\u70cf\u91cc\u63da\u8afe\u592b\uff08Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov\uff09\uff0c\u66f4\u5ee3\u70ba\u4eba\u77e5\u7684\u662f\u4ed6\u4f5c\u70ba\u9769\u547d\u5bb6\u7684\u5316\u540d\uff1a\u5217\u5be7\uff08Vladimir 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Kollontai\uff09\u6210\u70ba\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u7b2c\u4e00\u4f4d\u5973\u6027\u653f\u5e9c\u90e8\u9577\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u540c\u6027\u6200\u4e5f\u88ab\u9664\u7f6a\u5316\uff0c\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u8a31\u591a\u6587\u5316\u4e0a\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0a\u7684\u5091\u51fa\u4eba\u624d\u90fd\u662f\u540c\u6027\u6200\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5916\u4ea4\u4eba\u6c11\u59d4\u54e1\u683c\u5967\u723e\u57fa\uff0e\u5951\u5207\u6797\uff08Georgy Chicherin\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6559\u80b2\u5c0d\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u90fd\u662f\u514d\u8cbb\u7684\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u9ad8\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u5728\u5167\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u958b\u5c55\u4e86\u5168\u6c11\u6383\u76f2\u904b\u52d5\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e5d\u5e74\u7684\u5b78\u6821\u6559\u80b2\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u572816\u6b72\u7372\u5f97\u7562\u696d\u8b49\u66f8\u7684\u4eba\u90fd\u6709\u6b0a\u5728\u5927\u5b78\u5b78\u7fd2\u3002\u52301921\u5e74\uff0c\u5df2\u7d93\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86200\u591a\u6240\u65b0\u5927\u5b78\uff0c\u5728\u4e09\u5e74\u5167\u6578\u91cf\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u5169\u500d\u3002\u540c\u6642\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u6578\u767e\u6240\u7279\u6b8a\u5b78\u6821\u4f86\u6559\u6388\u5c11\u6578\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u8a9e\u8a00\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u91ab\u7642\u4fdd\u5065\u4e5f\u5c0d\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u514d\u8cbb\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u91ab\u7642\u6a5f\u69cb\u90fd\u7d0d\u5165\u4e86\u570b\u5bb6\u9ad4\u7cfb\u3002\u91ab\u5b78\u7684\u610f\u8b58\u5f62\u614b\u767c\u751f\u4e86\u6839\u672c\u6027\u7684\u8b8a\u5316\u2014\u2014\u8607\u806f\u7684\u91ab\u7642\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0d\u662f\u4ee5\u6cbb\u7642\u5bcc\u4eba\u7684\u6162\u6027\u75be\u75c5\u70ba\u76ee\u6a19\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4ee5\u6d88\u6ec5\u50b3\u67d3\u75c5\u70ba\u76ee\u6a19\u3002\u7576\u6642\uff0c\u50b3\u67d3\u75c5\u596a\u53bb\u4e86\u6578\u5341\u842c\u4e43\u81f3\u6578\u767e\u842c\u7aae\u4eba\u7684\u751f\u547d\u3002\u57281913\u5e74\u4fc4\u7f85\u65af\u4eba\u7684\u9810\u671f\u58fd\u547d\u4e0d\u523030\u6b72\uff0c1926\u5e74\u4e0a\u5347\u523044\u6b72\uff0c\u5230\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6230\u7d50\u675f\u6642\u4e0a\u5347\u523060\u6b72\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5118\u7ba1\u5e1d\u570b\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5217\u5f37\u5728\u9769\u547d\u540e\u767c\u52d5\u4e86\u5167\u6230\uff0c\u5217\u5be7\u7684\u5e03\u723e\u4ec0\u7dad\u514b\u9ee8\u9084\u662f\u8a2d\u6cd5\u4f7f\u4fc4\u6587\u7684\u5b57\u6bcd\u73fe\u4ee3\u5316\uff0c\u5728\u6578\u500b\u5730\u5340\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u6587\u5b57\uff0c\u5ee2\u9664\u4e86\u53cd\u52d5\u7684\u5112\u7565\u66c6\uff0c\u4f7f\u66c6\u6cd5\u8207\u6b50\u6d32\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u5340\u4fdd\u6301\u4e00\u81f4\u3002\u4e00\u4e9b\u6c89\u8ff7\u65bc\u904e\u53bb\u7684\u4fdd\u5b88\u4eba\u58eb\uff0c\u81f3\u4eca\u9084\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u5112\u7565\u66c6\u3002\u6b64\u5916\u9084\u5ee2\u9664\u4e86\u570b\u5167\u8b77\u7167\u5236\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7576\u7136\uff0c\u5217\u5be7\u5728\u5efa\u7acb\u7b2c\u4e09\u570b\u969b\uff08\u6216\u7a31\u5171\u7522\u570b\u969b\uff09\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u8d77\u4e86\u91cd\u8981\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u7d44\u7e54\u7684\u4efb\u52d9\u662f\u5728\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u5efa\u7acb\u9769\u547d\u904b\u52d5\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5217\u5be7\u7684\u8a31\u591a\u601d\u60f3\u90fd\u662f\u5728\u4ed6\u65e9\u5e74\u65bc\u8f9b\u6bd4\u723e\u65af\u514b\u7701\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u3002\u5217\u5be7\u4e00\u5bb6\u751f\u6d3b\u5728\u4e00\u9593\u8212\u9069\u4f46\u7c21\u6a38\u7684\u6728\u623f\u88e1\uff0c\u7236\u89aa\u662f\u7576\u5730\u7684\u4e00\u540d\u7763\u5b78\uff0c\u4ed6\u66fe\u5229\u7528\u9019\u500b\u8077\u4f4d\u63a8\u52d5\u6559\u80b2\u6539\u9769\u3002\u70cf\u91cc\u63da\u8afe\u592b\u5bb6\u7684\u4e09\u500b\u5b69\u5b50\u53d7\u76ca\u65bc\u9f13\u52f5\u8b80\u66f8\u7684\u6c1b\u570d\u3002\u9577\u5b50\u4e9e\u6b77\u5c71\u5927\uff0c\u5145\u6eff\u4e86\u9769\u547d\u7cbe\u795e\uff0c\u4ed6\u52a0\u5165\u4e86\u9769\u547d\u7d44\u7e54\u300c\u4eba\u6c11\u610f\u5fd7\u300d\uff0c\u4e26\u76f8\u4fe1\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u6050\u6016\u624b\u6bb5\u6703\u5c0e\u81f4\u9769\u547d\u30021887\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u56e0\u53c3\u8207\u5bc6\u8b00\u6697\u6bba\u6c99\u7687\u800c\u88ab\u8655\u6b7b\u3002\u9019\u8b93\u5217\u5be7\u7522\u751f\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u4e0d\u53ef\u52d5\u6416\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\uff1a\u9019\u7a2e\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u6709\u5bb3\u7684\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u6709\u7d44\u7e54\u3001\u6709\u653f\u6cbb\u610f\u8b58\u7684\u5de5\u4eba\u968e\u7d1a\u624d\u80fd\u5b8c\u6210\u9769\u547d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u5e6b\u52a9\u7d44\u7e54\u4e86\u4e00\u6b21\u5b78\u751f\u793a\u5a01\u6d3b\u52d5\u540e\uff0c\u5217\u5be7\u88ab\u5580\u5c71\u5927\u5b78\u958b\u9664\uff0c\u4ed6\u642c\u5230\u4e86\u8056\u5f7c\u5f97\u5821\uff0c\u4e26\u5728\u90a3\u88e1\u52a0\u5165\u4fc4\u570b\u793e\u6703\u6c11\u4e3b\u5de5\u9ee8\u3002\u8a72\u9ee8\u6210\u7acb\u65bc1898\u5e74\uff0c\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u5728\u4fc4\u7f85\u65af\u9769\u547d\u5bb6\u548c\u5de5\u4eba\u904b\u52d5\u4e2d\u5ba3\u50b3\u99ac\u514b\u601d\u548c\u6069\u683c\u65af\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\u3002\u4ed6\u5f8c\u4f86\u88ab\u902e\u6355\u3001\u6d41\u653e\uff0c\u7372\u91cb\u540e\u524d\u5f80\u6b50\u6d32\uff0c\u5728\u90a3\u88e1\u7684\u99ac\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5708\u5b50\u88e1\u767c\u63ee\u4e86\u91cd\u8981\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u4ed6\u5275\u8fa6\u4e86\u4e00\u4efd\u540d\u70ba\u300a\u706b\u661f\u5831\u300b\u7684\u5831\u7d19\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u5c07\u5176\u79d8\u5bc6\u904b\u56de\u4fc4\u7f85\u65af\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6b50\u6d32\u7684\u793e\u6703\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e3b\u7fa9\u904b\u52d5\u767c\u5c55\u8fc5\u901f\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u904b\u52d5\u539f\u672c\u4ee5\u99ac\u514b\u601d\u3001\u6069\u683c\u65af\u601d\u60f3\u70ba\u57fa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Kautsky\uff09\u3001\u5a01\u5ec9\uff0e\u674e\u535c\u514b\u5167\u897f\uff08Wilhelm Liebknecht\uff09\u7b49\u6b50\u6d32\u793e\u6703\u6c11\u4e3b\u9ee8\u5de8\u4eba\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4fc4\u570b\u793e\u6703\u6c11\u4e3b\u5de5\u9ee8\u7684\u5275\u59cb\u4eba\u683c\u5967\u723e\u57fa\uff0e\u666e\u5217\u6f22\u8afe\u592b\uff08Georgi 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Martov\uff09\u70ba\u9996\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba\u8a72\u9ee8\u61c9\u8a72\u66f4\u70ba\u5ee3\u6cdb\u3002\u4ed6\u8aaa\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u4e00\u540d\u9ee8\u54e1\u540c\u610f\u9ee8\u7684\u7e3d\u9ad4\u65b9\u5411\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u53c3\u52a0\u9ee8\u7684\u6d3b\u52d5\uff0c\u5c31\u8db3\u5920\u4e86\u3002\u5217\u5be7\u5728\u6703\u4e0a\u8d0f\u5f97\u4e86\u591a\u6578\u7968\u2014\u2014\u4ed6\u7684\u6d3e\u5225\u56e0\u6b64\u6210\u70ba\u300c\u5e03\u723e\u4ec0\u7dad\u514b\u300d\uff08\u591a\u6578\u6d3e\uff09\u53cd\u5c0d\u99ac\u723e\u6258\u592b\u7684\u300c\u5b5f\u4ec0\u7dad\u514b\u300d\uff08\u5c11\u6578\u6d3e\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5169\u5e74\u5f8c\u76841905\u5e74\u521d\uff0c\u4fc4\u570b\u7206\u767c\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u9769\u547d\u3002\u52a0\u90a6\u795e\u7236\u662f\u4e00\u540d\u6771\u6b63\u6559\u795e\u7236\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4e00\u540d\u8b66\u5bdf\u7279\u52d9\uff0c\u4ed6\u8a66\u5716\u8f49\u79fb\u6c11\u773e\u7684\u61a4\u6012\uff0c\u5728\u8056\u5f7c\u5f97\u5821\u7684\u6c99\u7687\u51ac\u5bae\u9818\u5c0e\u4e86\u4e00\u5834\u5927\u898f\u6a21\u7684\u5de5\u4eba\u904a\u884c\uff0c\u5411\u6c99\u7687\u905e\u4ea4\u4e86\u4e00\u4efd\u547c\u7c72\u6539\u9769\u7684\u8acb\u9858\u66f8\u3002\u6c99\u4fc4\u8b66\u5bdf\u5411\u5de5\u4eba\u958b\u706b\uff0c\u6fc0\u8d77\u4e86\u6574\u500b\u4fc4\u7f85\u65af\u5e1d\u570b\u5305\u62ec\u6ce2\u862d\u548c\u82ac\u862d\uff08\u7576\u6642\u9084\u662f\u4fc4\u7f85\u65af\u5e1d\u570b\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff09\u7684\u5927\u898f\u6a21\u7f77\u5de5\u6d6a\u6f6e\u3002\u5de5\u4eba\u5011\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u7d44\u6210\u4e86\u8607\u7dad\u57c3\u3002\u90a3\u5e74\u5e74\u5e95\uff0c\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u88ab\u9078\u70ba\u8056\u5f7c\u5f97\u5821\u7684\u8607\u7dad\u57c3\u4e3b\u5e2d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u96d6\u7136\u5217\u5be7\u7684\u5f88\u591a\u5e03\u723e\u4ec0\u7dad\u514b\u540c\u5fd7\u90fd\u6c92\u80fd\u901a\u904e\u9019\u6b21\u8a66\u7149\uff0c\u4f46\u5217\u5be7\u81ea\u5df1\u537b\u901a\u904e\u4e86\u3002\u8056\u5f7c\u5f97\u5821\u5e03\u723e\u4ec0\u7dad\u514b\u7684\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4f4d\u9818\u8896\u4e9e\u6b77\u5c71\u5927\uff0e\u6ce2\u683c\u4e39\u8afe\u592b\uff08Alexandr 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