{"id":24699,"date":"2020-08-20T19:27:13","date_gmt":"2020-08-20T11:27:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/chinaworker.info\/?p=24699"},"modified":"2020-08-20T23:02:27","modified_gmt":"2020-08-20T15:02:27","slug":"%e6%89%98%e6%b4%9b%e8%8c%a8%e5%9f%ba%e9%81%ad%e6%9a%97%e6%ae%ba80%e9%80%b1%e5%b9%b4%e7%a5%ad","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chinaworker.info\/zh-hant\/2020\/08\/20\/24699\/","title":{"rendered":"\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u906d\u6697\u6bba80\u9031\u5e74\u796d"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>\u4eca\u5e74\u662f\u5049\u5927\u7684\u9769\u547d\u8005\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u88ab\u53f2\u592a\u6797\u7279\u52d9\u61e6\u592b\u5730\u6697\u6bba\u768480\u9031\u5e74\u7d00\u5ff5\u3002\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u7576\u6642\u5728\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u6d41\u4ea1\uff0c\u4f46\u53f2\u592a\u6797\u7368\u88c1\u4ecd\u7136\u61fc\u6015\u4ed6\u7684\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u9084\u6709\u4ee51917\u5e74\u5341\u6708\u9769\u547d\u7684\u771f\u6b63\u601d\u60f3\u4f86\u5efa\u7acb\u500b\u7fa4\u773e\u6027\u9769\u547d\u99ac\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u7fa9\u570b\u969b\u7684\u6f5b\u529b\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u8207\u540c\u5217\u5be7\u5171\u540c\u9818\u5c0e\u4e86\u7576\u5e74\u7684\u9769\u547d\u3002\u70ba\u4e86\u7d00\u5ff5\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u5c0d\u65bc\u4e16\u754c\u5de5\u4eba\u968e\u7d1a\u904b\u52d5\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u7406\u8ad6\u907a\u7522\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ed6\u57281930\u5e74\u4ee3\u53cd\u6297\u53f2\u592a\u6797\u4e3b\u7fa9\u3001\u6cd5\u897f\u65af\u4e3b\u7fa9\u548c\u8cc7\u672c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u53ef\u6015\u53cd\u52d5\u7684\u52c7\u6bc5\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5728\u6b64\u9996\u6b21\u5730\u4ee5\u4e2d\u6587\u51fa\u7248\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u76f8\u95dc\u6587\u7ae0\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u901a\u904e\u5c0d\u53cd\u8cc7\u672c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u548c\u53f2\u592a\u6797\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u5206\u6790\u8207\u9b25\u722d\uff1b\u70ba\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u968e\u7d1a\u9b25\u722d\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u81f3\u95dc\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7d93\u9a57\u8207\u6559\u8a13\uff08\u672c\u6587\u662f\u9996\u6b21\u65bc2010\u5e748\u6708\u51fa\u7248\uff0c\u5167\u5bb9\u6709\u5fae\u8abf\uff09<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Per-Ake Westerlund\uff0c\u793e\u6703\u4e3b\u7fa9\u6b63\u7fa9\u9ee8\uff08ISA\u745e\u5178\uff09<\/p>\n<p>1940\u5e748\u670820\u65e5\uff0c\u53f2\u592a\u6797\u50f1\u7528\u7684\u6bba\u624b\u62c9\u8499\u00b7\u6885\u5361\u5fb7\u723e\uff08Ramon Mercader\uff09\u7528\u51b0\u93ac\u6697\u6bba\u4e86\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u50cf\u7345\u5b50\u4e00\u6a23\u8207\u6bba\u624b\u9032\u884c\u4e86\u640f\u9b25\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u963b\u6b62\u4e86\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u6253\u64ca\uff08\u6bba\u624b\u9084\u914d\u5099\u4e86\u624b\u69cd\u548c\u5200\uff09\u3002\u4f46\u56e0\u70ba\u51b0\u93ac\u6240\u9020\u6210\u7684\u50b7\u53e3\u5be6\u5728\u592a\u56b4\u91cd\u4e86\uff0c\u4e00\u5929\u5f8c\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u8fad\u4e16\u4e86\u3002\u9019\u6b21\u5c0d\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u7684\u7b2c13\u6b21\u6697\u6bba\uff0c\u7d42\u65bc\u6210\u529f\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4ed6\u7684\u79d8\u66f8\u7d04\u745f\u592b\u00b7\u6f22\u68ee\uff08Joseph Hansen\uff09\u8aaa\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u81e8\u7d42\u524d\u7684\u6700\u5f8c\u4e00\u53e5\u8a71\u662f\uff1a\u300c\u6211\u5805\u4fe1\u7b2c\u56db\u570b\u969b\u7684\u52dd\u5229\u2013\u524d\u9032\u3002\u300d8\u670822\u65e5\u958b\u59cb\u8ffd\u60bc\u548c\u907a\u9ad4\u544a\u5225\u6703\uff0c\u57285\u5929\u5167\u5171\u670930\u842c\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u4eba\u524d\u4f86\u77bb\u4ef0\u3002\u7531\u65bc\u7f8e\u570b\u7576\u5c40\u62d2\u7d55\u7d66\u4e88\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u907a\u9ad4\u9032\u5165\u7f8e\u570b\u7684\u7c3d\u8b49\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6700\u5f8c\u846c\u79ae\u5728\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u8209\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u5728\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u662f\u653f\u6cbb\u96e3\u6c11\u30021929\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u88ab\u53f2\u592a\u6797\u5f9e\u8607\u806f\u9a45\u9010\u51fa\u5883\u00a0\u3002\u7d93\u904e\u5728\u571f\u8033\u5176\u548c\u6cd5\u570b\u5404\u9017\u7559\u6578\u5e74\u5f8c\uff0c\u4ed6\u65bc1935\u5e74\u590f\u5929\u5230\u9054\u632a\u5a01\uff0c\u4f46\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u632a\u5a01\u7684\u793e\u6703\u9ee8\u653f\u5e9c\u7531\u65bc\u53f2\u592a\u6797\u7576\u5c40\u7684\u58d3\u529b\u4e5f\u5e0c\u671b\u76e1\u5feb\u64fa\u812b\u4ed6\u30021936\u5e7412\u6708\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u548c\u4ed6\u7684\u59bb\u5b50\u7d0d\u5854\u5229\u5a6d\u00b7\u8b1d\u591a\u592b\uff08Natalia Sedova\uff09\u7531\u4e00\u8258\u8ca8\u8239\u9001\u5f80\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u9019\u662f\u6574\u500b\u5730\u7403\u4e0a\u552f\u4e00\u4e00\u500b\u9858\u610f\u63a5\u53d7\u4ed6\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5c0d\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u7684\u8b00\u6bba\u662f\u4e00\u5834\u55ae\u65b9\u9762\u5167\u6230\u7684\u7d50\u679c\u3002\u53f2\u592a\u6797\u7684\u79d8\u5bc6\u8b66\u5bdf\u683c\u5225\u70cf\uff08GPU\uff09\u548c\u5167\u52d9\u4eba\u6c11\u59d4\u54e1\u6703\uff08NVKD\uff09\u6295\u5165\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u8cc7\u6e90\u4ee5\u4f01\u5716\u5c07\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u548c\u4ed6\u8eab\u908a\u6700\u89aa\u5bc6\u7684\u5925\u4f34\u5011\u9032\u884c\u8089\u9ad4\u4e0a\u7684\u6ec5\u7d55\u3002\u7b2c\u56db\u570b\u969b\u9818\u5c0e\u5c64\u7684\u6210\u54e1\u3001\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u7684\u5152\u5b50\u5217\u6602\u00b7\u8b1d\u591a\u592b\uff08Leon Sedov\uff09\u5c31\u662f\u57281938\u5e742\u6708\u4f4f\u9662\u671f\u9593\u88ab\u6697\u6bba\u7684\u3002\u57281936\u81f31938\u5e74\u7684\u83ab\u65af\u79d1\u5927\u5be9\u5224\u671f\u9593\uff0c\u5217\u5be7\u6642\u4ee3\u7684\u5927\u91cf\u5e03\u723e\u4ec0\u7dad\u514b\u9818\u5c0e\u6210\u54e1\u88ab\u88ab\u6307\u63a7\u8207\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u7684\u7d0d\u7cb9\u653f\u6b0a\u5408\u4f5c\u800c\u906d\u5230\u7acb\u5373\u8655\u6c7a\uff0c\u800c\u7576\u6642\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u548c\u5229\u6602\u00b7\u8b1d\u591a\u592b\u5c31\u662f\u88ab\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e3b\u8981\u88ab\u544a\u800c\u7f3a\u5e2d\u5be9\u5224\u7684\u3002\u5728\u96a8\u5f8c\u7684\u76f8\u95dc\u5be9\u5224\u4e2d\uff0c\u5171\u6709800\u842c\u4eba\u88ab\u9001\u5f80\u76e3\u7344\u6216\u52de\u6539\u71df\u5730\u3002200\u842c\u4eba\u6b7b\u4ea1\uff0c100\u842c\u4eba\u88ab\u8655\u6c7a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u53f2\u592a\u6797\u4e0d\u6eff\u8db3\u65bc\u6240\u9032\u884c\u5927\u6e05\u6d17\u3002\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u6bd4\u83ab\u65af\u79d1\u5927\u5be9\u5224\u4e2d\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u88ab\u544a\u90fd\u66f4\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u4fc4\u570b\u9769\u547d\u548c\u5e03\u723e\u4ec0\u7dad\u514b\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u8a18\u61b6\u3002\u4ed6\u662f\u7576\u6642\u4ecd\u7136\u552f\u4e00\u9084\u5016\u5b58\u7684\u4fc4\u570b\u9769\u547d\u7684\u9818\u5c0e\u4eba\u7269\uff0c\u800c\u53f2\u592a\u6797\u672c\u4eba\u57281917\u5e74\u9769\u547d\u4e2d\u53ea\u64d4\u7576\u4e86\u6b21\u8981\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u800c\u4e14\u4e5f\u6b63\u662f\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u5c07\u99ac\u514b\u601d\u548c\u5217\u5be7\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u61c9\u7528\u5230\u4e8620\u4e16\u7d0020\u5e74\u4ee3\u548c30\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u5d84\u65b0\u800c\u8907\u96dc\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u5c40\u52e2\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>1940\u5e748\u6708\uff0c\u4f46\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6230\u722d\u5df2\u7d93\u6301\u7e8c\u4e86\u8fd1\u4e00\u5e74\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u9810\u6e2c\u7684\u7531\u65bc\u52de\u5de5\u904b\u52d5\u63a8\u7ffb\u8cc7\u672c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u548c\u5176\u53ef\u6015\u77db\u76fe\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u7684\u5931\u6557\u548c\u7531\u65bc\u672a\u80fd\u9632\u6b62\u6cd5\u897f\u65af\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u8208\u8d77\u800c\u5c07\u5c0e\u81f4\u6230\u722d\u7684\u7206\u767c\u5df2\u7d93\u5f97\u5230\u8b49\u5be6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u5728\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u5c0d\u53f2\u592a\u6797\u8207\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u7c3d\u8a02\u8ecd\u4e8b\u8207\u5916\u4ea4\u5354\u8b70\u9032\u884c\u4e86\u7121\u60c5\u7684\u6279\u8a55\u3002\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u6307\u51fa\u8a72\u4ea4\u6613\u5c07\u7121\u6cd5\u9632\u6b62\u5fb7\u570b\u5c0d\u8607\u806f\u7684\u9032\u653b\u30021941\u5e746\u6708\uff0c\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u5c0d\u8607\u806f\u767c\u52d5\u4e86\u5927\u898f\u6a21\u8ecd\u4e8b\u9032\u653b\u3002\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u5f37\u8abf\u89e3\u6c7a\u7684\u8fa6\u6cd5\u4e0d\u662f\u70ba\u8207\u82f1\u570b\u548c\u7f8e\u570b\u7d50\u76df\u800c\u4f5c\u51fa\u91cd\u5927\u653f\u6cbb\u8b93\u6b65\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u6b63\u662f\u53f2\u592a\u6797\u5728\u906d\u9047\u5fb7\u570b\u7684\u653b\u64ca\u4e4b\u5f8c\u6240\u4f5c\u51fa\u7684\u9078\u64c7\u3002\u83ab\u65af\u79d1\u7684\u7368\u88c1\u8005\u65bc1943\u5e74\u89e3\u6563\u4e86\u5171\u7522\u570b\u969b\u2013\u5f9e\u800c\u8868\u660e\u570b\u969b\u5de5\u4eba\u968e\u7d1a\u5df2\u4e0d\u518d\u662f\u8607\u806f\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u76df\u53cb\uff0c\u800c\u5916\u570b\u653f\u5e9c\u548c\u5916\u4ea4\u5247\u8b8a\u5f97\u66f4\u70ba\u91cd\u8981\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5118\u7ba1\u6230\u722d\u69cb\u6210\u4e86\u91cd\u5927\u5a01\u8105\uff0c\u4e26\u5e36\u4f86\u6975\u5927\u7684\u56f0\u96e3\uff1b\u4f46\u662f1938\u5e74\u7b2c\u56db\u570b\u969b\u4ecd\u7136\u5f97\u4ee5\u6210\u7acb\u3002\u53f2\u592a\u6797\u6df1\u77e5\u9053\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u5c0d\u4ed6\u7684\u7368\u88c1\u5c08\u5c08\u5236\u8aaa\u9032\u884c\u7684\u99ac\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u7fa9\u6279\u5224\u5177\u6709\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u6f5b\u5728\u652f\u6301\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7576\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u5171\u7522\u9ee8\u7684\u5169\u4f4d\u9ad8\u5c64\u9818\u5c0e\u4eba\u74e6\u502b\u4e01\u00b7\u574e\u5e15\uff08Valentin Campa\uff09\u548c\u8d6b\u723e\u66fc\u00b7\u62c9\u6c83\u723e\u5fb7\uff08Herman Laborde\uff09\u53cd\u5c0d\u79d8\u5bc6\u6697\u6bba\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u7684\u8a08\u5283\u6642\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u65bc1940\u5e743\u6708\u88ab\u958b\u9664\u51fa\u9ee8\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u76f4\u63a5\u6697\u6bba\u7684\u4f01\u5716\u767c\u751f\u57282\u500b\u6708\u5f8c\u76845\u670824-25\u65e5\u3002\u4e00\u5925\u6b66\u88dd\u5206\u5b50\u5f37\u884c\u95d6\u5165\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u7684\u4f4f\u5b85\u7528\u6a5f\u69cd\u5411\u81e5\u5ba4\u9032\u884c\u6383\u5c04\u3002\u7136\u800c\u6b64\u5f8c\u4ed6\u5011\u8a66\u5716\u7e31\u706b\u711a\u71d2\u623f\u5b50\u548c\u5b89\u88dd\u70b8\u5f48\u70b8\u6bc0\u623f\u5b50\u7684\u4f01\u5716\u90fd\u906d\u5230\u4e86\u5931\u6557\u3002\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u8b66\u65b9\u6240\u902e\u6355\u7684\u5acc\u7591\u4eba\u6b64\u524d\u5728\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u5167\u6230\u671f\u9593\u66fe\u7d93\u53c3\u52a0\u570b\u969b\u7e31\u968a\u3002\u5728\u7576\u5730\u7684\u53f2\u592a\u6797\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u7528\u8207\u8607\u806f\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u4f86\u5c0d\u4ed8\u5de6\u7ffc\u53cd\u5c0d\u6d3e\uff0c\u800c\u5acc\u7591\u4eba\u4e5f\u8207\u5171\u7522\u9ee8\u7684\u9ad8\u7d1a\u9818\u5c0e\u4eba\u6709\u6240\u806f\u7e6b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>1938\u5e74\uff0c\u62c9\u8499\u00b7\u6885\u5361\u5fb7\u723e\u4ee5\u4e00\u500b\u5047\u8eab\u4efd\u958b\u59cb\u4e86\u8207\u7f8e\u570b\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u897f\u7dad\u96c5\u00b7\u827e\u683c\u840a\u592b\uff08Sylvia Ageloff\uff09\u7684\u60c5\u4fb6\u95dc\u4fc2\u00a0\uff0c\u9019\u7d66\u4ed6\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u62dc\u8a2a\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u5728\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u5357\u90e8\u67ef\u4e9e\u6606\uff08Coyaocan\uff09\u5e02\u7684\u4f4f\u5b85\u7684\u6a5f\u6703\u3002\u4ee5\u8981\u6c42\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u770b\u4ed6\u5beb\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u4e26\u63d0\u4f9b\u610f\u898b\u70ba\u501f\u53e3\uff0c\u6885\u5361\u5fb7\u723e\u5f97\u4ee5\u63a5\u8fd1\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u4e26\u9032\u884c\u4e868\u670820\u65e5\u7684\u81f4\u547d\u8972\u64ca\u3002\u96a8\u5f8c\uff0c\u6885\u5361\u5fb7\u723e\u7684\u6bcd\u89aa\u88ab\u53f2\u592a\u6797\u6388\u4e88\u5217\u5be7\u52f3\u7ae0\u3002\u5147\u624b\u57281960\u5e74\u5f9e\u76e3\u7344\u88ab\u91cb\u653e\u51fa\u4f86\uff0c\u96a8\u5f8c\u4ed6\u5c45\u4f4f\u5728\u8607\u806f\u548c\u53e4\u5df4\uff0c\u4ed6\u88ab\u7576\u6642\u83ab\u65af\u79d1\u7684\u7d71\u6cbb\u7576\u5c40\u6388\u4e88\u4e86\u8607\u806f\u82f1\u96c4\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u5c0d\u65bc\u53f2\u592a\u6797\u4e3b\u7fa9\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u653f\u6cbb\u8b00\u6bba\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u82f1\u96c4\u4e3b\u7fa9\u884c\u70ba\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f46\u5c0d\u65bc\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u99ac\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u53cd\u5c0d\u8cc7\u672c\u5bb6\u548c\u5b98\u50da\u7684\u9b25\u722d\u548c\u5be6\u73fe\u6c11\u4e3b\u793e\u6703\u4e3b\u7fa9\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u76ee\u6a19\u6240\u5fc5\u4e0d\u53ef\u5c11\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone  wp-image-24717\" src=\"https:\/\/chinaworker.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/leontrotsky-1-300x189.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"579\" height=\"365\" 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