{"id":24786,"date":"2020-08-27T22:14:23","date_gmt":"2020-08-27T14:14:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/chinaworker.info\/?p=24786"},"modified":"2020-08-30T00:51:15","modified_gmt":"2020-08-29T16:51:15","slug":"%e6%89%98%e6%b4%9b%e8%8c%a8%e5%9f%ba%e9%81%87%e5%88%ba80%e9%80%b1%e5%b9%b4%e4%b9%8b%e5%be%8c","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chinaworker.info\/zh-hant\/2020\/08\/27\/24786\/","title":{"rendered":"\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u9047\u523a80\u9031\u5e74\u4e4b\u5f8c"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>\u4eca\u5e74\u662f\u5049\u5927\u7684\u9769\u547d\u8005\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u88ab\u53f2\u592a\u6797\u7279\u52d9\u61e6\u592b\u5730\u6697\u6bba\u768480<\/strong><strong>\u9031\u5e74\u7d00\u5ff5\u3002\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u7576\u6642\u5728\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u6d41\u4ea1\uff0c\u4f46\u53f2\u592a\u6797\u7368\u88c1\u4ecd\u7136\u61fc\u6015\u4ed6\u7684\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u9084\u6709\u4ee51917<\/strong><strong>\u5e74\u5341\u6708\u9769\u547d\u7684\u771f\u6b63\u601d\u60f3\u4f86\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u500b\u7fa4\u773e\u6027\u9769\u547d\u99ac\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u7fa9\u570b\u969b\u7684\u6f5b\u529b\u3002<\/strong><!--more--><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-large wp-image-24787\" src=\"https:\/\/chinaworker.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/1114257.5-1-600x471.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"471\" srcset=\"https:\/\/media1.chinaworker.info\/2020\/08\/1114257.5-1-600x471.jpg 600w, https:\/\/media1.chinaworker.info\/2020\/08\/1114257.5-1-300x236.jpg 300w, https:\/\/media1.chinaworker.info\/2020\/08\/1114257.5-1-310x243.jpg 310w, https:\/\/media1.chinaworker.info\/2020\/08\/1114257.5-1.jpg 736w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" 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Militant tendency\uff0c\u5373\u570b\u969b\u793e\u6703\u4e3b\u7fa9\u9053\u8defISA\u82f1\u5a01\u8607\u652f\u90e8\u65bc\u7576\u6642\u7684\u524d\u8eab\uff09\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u6027\u5b63\u520a\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u300c\u53f2\u592a\u6797\u5728\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5c64\u6b21\u4e0a\u9b25\u722d\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e0d\u662f\u653b\u64ca\u5c0d\u624b\u7684\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u653b\u64ca\u5c0d\u624b\u7684\u982d\u9871\u3002\u300d<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Lynn Walsh\uff0c\u539f\u6587\u5beb\u65bc1980\u5e74\uff0c\u73fe\u5167\u5bb9\u6709\u5fae\u8abf<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4eca\u5e74\uff081980<\/strong><strong>\u5e74\uff09\u662f\u5217\u592b\uff0e\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\uff08Leon Trotsky<\/strong><strong>\uff09\u901d\u4e1640<\/strong><strong>\u9031\u5e74\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u57281940\u5e748\u670820\u65e5\uff0c\u62c9\u8499\u00b7\u9ea5\u5361\u5fb7\uff08Ramon 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\u300c\u683c\u62c9\u8332\u66fc\u88ab\u8feb\u81ea\u6bba\uff1b\u5e03\u6258\u592b\u6b7b\u65bc\u683c\u52c3\u70cf\u7684\u76e3\u7344\u4e2d\uff1b\u5e03\u9b6f\u59c6\u91d1\u88ab\u69cd\u6bba\uff1b\u8b1d\u723e\u7a46\u514b\u65af\u548c\u6ce2\u8332\u5357\u65af\u57fa\u88ab\u6d41\u653e\u3002\u53f2\u592a\u6797\u6c92\u6709\u6599\u5230\u751a\u81f3\u6c92\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u7955\u66f8\uff0c\u6211\u4e5f\u80fd\u7e7c\u7e8c\u9032\u884c\u6709\u8a08\u756b\u7684\u5beb\u4f5c\uff0c\u9084\u80fd\u5920\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u500b\u65b0\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u73ed\u5b50\u4f86\u66ff\u4ee3\u820a\u7684\u3002\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u554f\u984c\u4e0a\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u6700\u6a5f\u654f\u7684\u5b98\u50da\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u90fd\u8868\u73fe\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u4e0d\u53ef\u601d\u8b70\u7684\u76ee\u5149\u77ed\u6dfa\u7684\u4eba\uff01\u300d\uff08\u300a\u6d41\u4ea1\u4e2d\u7684\u65e5\u8a18\u300b\uff0c\u7b2c40\u9801\uff09\u6240\u6709\u9019\u4e9b\u9769\u547d\u8005\u5728\u904e\u53bb\u90fd\u767c\u63ee\u4e86\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u7279\u5225\u662f\u5728\u5167\u6230\u671f\u9593\u64d4\u4efb\u8ecd\u4e8b\u79d8\u66f8\u8655\u6210\u54e1\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u5728\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u7684\u6b66\u88dd\u90e8\u968a\u4e2d\u6548\u547d\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u9019\u6b63\u5982\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u6240\u8aaa\u7684\uff0c\u53f2\u592a\u6797\u300c\u6b63\u5728\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u6230\u5834\u4e0a\u7528\u8457\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u624b\u6bb5\u9032\u884c\u8457\u9b25\u722d\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f46\u662f\u5982\u679c\u53f2\u592a\u6797\u5728\u6d41\u653e\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u5f8c\u4fbf\u96a8\u5373\u5c07\u79d8\u5bc6\u8b66\u5bdf\u7684\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u529b\u91cf\uff08\u79d8\u5bc6\u8b66\u5bdf\u7684\u5404\u7a2e\u540d\u7a31\uff1a\u5951\u5361Cheka\u3001\u683c\u5225\u70cfGPU\u3001\u5167\u52d9\u4eba\u6c11\u59d4\u54e1\u90e8NKVD\u3001\u5167\u885b\u90e8\u968aMVD\u548c\u514b\u683c\u52c3 KGB\uff09\u6295\u5165\u5230\u7b56\u5283\u548c\u57f7\u884c\u6697\u6bba\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u7684\u884c\u52d5\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u53f2\u592a\u6797\u70ba\u4f55\u5728\u8d77\u5148\u6642\u6703\u5141\u8a31\u8b93\u4ed6\u7684\u6575\u4eba\u88ab\u6d41\u653e\u5462\uff1f<\/p>\n<p>\u57281932\u5e741\u6708\u81f4\u653f\u6cbb\u5c40\u7684\u516c\u958b\u4fe1\u4e2d\uff0c\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u516c\u958b\u793a\u8b66\u8aaa\u53f2\u592a\u6797\u5c07\u6703\u8457\u624b\u65bc\u596a\u8d70\u4ed6\u7684\u751f\u547d\u3002\u4ed6\u5beb\u9053\uff1a\u300c\u57281924\uff5e1925\u5e74\u671f\u9593\uff0c\u53f2\u592a\u6797\u5c31\u63d0\u51fa\u904e\u5c0d\u672c\u4fe1\u7684\u4f5c\u8005\u4f7f\u7528\u6050\u6016\u624b\u6bb5\u7684\u554f\u984c\u3002\u53f2\u592a\u6797\u5728\u5c11\u6578\u4eba\u7684\u6703\u8b70\u4e0a\u66fe\u7d93\u6b0a\u8861\u904e\u540c\u610f\u548c\u53cd\u5c0d\u5169\u7a2e\u7406\u7531\u3002\u540c\u610f\u7684\u7406\u7531\u662f\u6e05\u695a\u800c\u660e\u986f\u7684\u3002\u53cd\u5c0d\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u7406\u7531\u662f\u9019\u6a23\u7684\uff1a\u52c7\u65bc\u737b\u8eab\u7684\u9752\u5e74\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u5206\u5b50\u592a\u591a\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u5831\u4ee5\u53cd\u6050\u6016\u884c\u52d5\u3002\u300d\uff08\u300a\u8a34\u72c0\u300b 1932\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c9\u9801\uff0c\u7ffb\u8b6f\u53d6\u81ea\u4e2d\u6587\u99ac\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u7fa9\u6587\u5eab\u300a\u81f4\u806f\u5171\uff08\u5e03\uff09\u4e2d\u592e\u653f\u6cbb\u5c40\u548c\u4e2d\u592e\u76e3\u59d4\u4e3b\u5e2d\u5718\u7684\u4fe1\u300b\u4e00\u6587\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u800c\u9019\u4e9b\u6703\u8b70\u5167\u5bb9\u662f\u7531\u66fe\u77ed\u66ab\u8207\u53f2\u592a\u6797\u7d44\u6210\u300c\u4e09\u99d5\u99ac\u8eca\u300d\uff0c\u4f46\u5f8c\u4f86\u53c8\u7a81\u7136\u958b\u59cb\u53cd\u5c0d\u53f2\u592a\u6797\u7684\u4e8c\u4eba\u2014\u2014\u5b63\u8afe\u7dad\u4e5f\u592b\u548c\u52a0\u7c73\u6d85\u592b\u6240\u5411\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u901a\u5831\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u8feb\u5bb3<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u4f46\u300c\u53f2\u592a\u6797\u5f8c\u4f86\u5f97\u51fa\u7d50\u8ad6\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba\u5c07\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u9a45\u9010\u51fa\u8607\u806f\u662f\u500b\u932f\u8aa4\u300d\uff0c\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u5beb\u9053\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u300c\u2026\u8207\u4ed6\u7684\u76e4\u7b97\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u4e8b\u5be6\u8b49\u660e\uff0c\u601d\u60f3\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u6c92\u6709\u6a5f\u95dc\u548c\u6c92\u6709\u7d93\u8cbb\u4e5f\u4e00\u6a23\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5171\u7522\u570b\u969b\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u9f90\u5927\u7684\u6a5f\u69cb\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u7406\u8ad6\u4e0a\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0a\u537b\u5b8c\u5168\u4e00\u7121\u6240\u6709\u3002\u9769\u547d\u7684\u99ac\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u7fa9\uff08\u81ea\u7136\u4e5f\u5305\u62ec\u9769\u547d\u7684\u5217\u5be7\u4e3b\u7fa9\uff09\u7684\u672a\u4f86\uff0c\u4eca\u5f8c\u662f\u540c\u5de6\u7ffc\u53cd\u5c0d\u6d3e\u7684\u570b\u969b\u5e79\u90e8\u5bc6\u5207\u5730\u806f\u7e6b\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u7684\u3002\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6a23\u7684\u634f\u9020\u4e5f\u7121\u6fdf\u65bc\u4e8b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u53cd\u5c0d\u6d3e\u5728\u904e\u53bb\u3001\u73fe\u5728\u548c\u5c07\u4f86\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u8457\u8ff0\uff0c\u90fd\u5c07\u7528\u5404\u7a2e\u8a9e\u8a00\u51fa\u7248\u3002\u6240\u6709\u570b\u5bb6\u90fd\u5b58\u5728\u5805\u4e0d\u53ef\u6467\u7684\u5e79\u90e8\u968a\u4f0d\uff0c\u5118\u7ba1\u76ee\u524d\u4eba\u6578\u9084\u4e0d\u591a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u53f2\u592a\u6797\u6e05\u695a\u5730\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u570b\u969b\u53cd\u5c0d\u6d3e\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u5805\u5b9a\u6027\u548c\u84ec\u52c3\u767c\u5c55\u5c0d\u65bc\u4ed6\u672c\u4eba\u3001\u5c0d\u65bc\u4ed6\u90a3\u865b\u5047\u7684\u300e\u5a01\u671b\u300f\u3001\u5c0d\u65bc\u4ed6\u90a3\u6ce2\u62ff\u5df4\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u662f\u591a\u9ebc\u53ef\u6015\u7684\u5371\u96aa\u3002\u300d\uff08\u300a\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u6587\u96c6\u300b\uff0c1932\uff09<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u4ed6\u6d41\u4ea1\u5230\u571f\u8033\u5176\u7684\u521d\u671f\uff0c\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u5beb\u4e0b\u4e86\u4e0d\u673d\u7684\u300a\u4fc4\u570b\u9769\u547d\u53f2\u300b\u548c\u4ed6\u8f1d\u714c\u7684\u81ea\u50b3\u300a\u6211\u7684\u751f\u5e73\u300b\u3002\u901a\u904e\u8207\u5176\u4ed6\u570b\u5bb6\u53cd\u5c0d\u6d3e\u7684\u5927\u91cf\u901a\u4fe1\uff0c\u7279\u5225\u662f\u901a\u904e\u300a\u53cd\u5c0d\u6d3e\u901a\u8a0a\u300b\uff081929\u5e74\u79cb\u51fa\u7248\uff09\uff0c\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u958b\u59cb\u51dd\u805a\u8d77\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u5e03\u723e\u4ec0\u7dad\u514b\u570b\u969b\u53cd\u5c0d\u6d3e\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u529b\u91cf\u3002\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u66fe\u9810\u6e2c\uff0c\u53f2\u592a\u6797\u6703\u5229\u7528\u683c\u5225\u70cf\u9032\u884c\u6b98\u9177\u7684\u6e05\u6d17\uff0c\u4e26\u8a66\u5716\u6467\u6bc0\u4e00\u5207\u5c0d\u4ed6\u4e0d\u5229\u7684\u6771\u897f\uff0c\u9019\u4e00\u9810\u8a00\u5f88\u5feb\u5f97\u5230\u8b49\u5be6\u3002\u5728\u571f\u8033\u5176\u6d41\u4ea1\u7684\u6700\u5f8c\u4e00\u6bb5\u6642\u9593\u88e1\uff0c\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u906d\u5230\u4e86\u6b98\u9177\u7684\u6253\u64ca\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u5973\u5152\u5b63\u5a1c\u4f0a\u9054\uff08Zinaida\uff09\u56e0\u70ba\u75be\u75c5\u8207\u6291\u9b31\uff0c\u5728\u67cf\u6797\u81ea\u6bba\u8eab\u4ea1\u3002\u5979\u7684\u4e08\u592b\u666e\u62c9\u6771\u00b7\u6c83\u723e\u79d1\u592b\uff08Platon Volkov\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u540d\u5e74\u8f15\u7684\u53cd\u5c0d\u6d3e\u6fc0\u9032\u5206\u5b50\uff0c\u5f8c\u4f86\u88ab\u6355\u4e26\u6c38\u9060\u6d88\u5931\u3002\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4efb\u59bb\u5b50\u4e9e\u6b77\u5c71\u5fb7\u62c9\uff0e\u7d22\u79d1\u6d1b\u592b\u65af\u5361\u5a6d\uff08Alexandra Sokolovskaya\uff09\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u5411\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u4ecb\u7d39\u793e\u6703\u4e3b\u7fa9\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u5979\u88ab\u9001\u5f80\u96c6\u4e2d\u71df\uff0c\u5728\u90a3\u88e1\u6b7b\u53bb\u3002\u5f8c\u4f86\uff0c\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u7684\u5152\u5b50\u8b1d\u723e\u84cb\uff08Sergey\uff09\uff0c\u4e00\u540d\u6c92\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u653f\u6cbb\u8208\u8da3\u6216\u653f\u6cbb\u4ea4\u969b\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\uff0c\u4ee5\u300c\u6bd2\u5bb3\u5de5\u4eba\u300d\u7684\u7f6a\u540d\u88ab\u6355\u2014\u2014\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u5f8c\u4f86\u5f97\u77e5\u4ed6\u5df2\u6b7b\u5728\u7344\u4e2d\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u5c0d\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u75c5\u614b\u6050\u61fc\uff0c\u300c\u500b\u4eba\u5831\u5fa9\u7684\u52d5\u6a5f\u5411\u4f86\u662f\u53f2\u592a\u6797\u5236\u5b9a\u93ae\u58d3\u653f\u7b56\u6642\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u91cd\u8981\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u300d\uff08\u300a\u6d41\u4ea1\u4e2d\u7684\u65e5\u8a18\u300b\uff0c\u7b2c66\u9801\uff09<\/p>\n<p>\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u683c\u5225\u70cf\u5f9e\u4e00\u958b\u59cb\u5c31\u6ef2\u900f\u9032\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u7684\u4f4f\u6240\u548c\u5de6\u7ffc\u53cd\u5c0d\u6d3e\u5718\u9ad4\u3002\u51fa\u6c92\u65bc\u6b50\u6d32\u7684\u53cd\u5c0d\u6d3e\u7d44\u7e54\u3001\u6216\u5230\u6bd4\u65bc\u5361\u9054\uff08Prinkipo\uff09\u8a2a\u554f\u5354\u52a9\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u7684\u4eba\u88e1\uff0c\u90fd\u6709\u53ef\u7591\u4eba\u58eb\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u96c5\u5404\u5e03\u2022\u5f17\u862d\u514b\uff08Jakob Frank\uff09\uff0c\u4e00\u4f4d\u66fe\u5728\u6bd4\u65bc\u5361\u9054\u8207\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u5de5\u4f5c\u904e\u4e00\u6bb5\u6642\u9593\u7684\u7acb\u9676\u5b9b\u7336\u592a\u4eba\uff0c\u5f8c\u4f86\u8f49\u5411\u53f2\u592a\u6797\u4e3b\u7fa9\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u540d\u70ba\u5361\u6797\uff08Kharin\uff0c\u5225\u7a31\u7d04\u745f\u592bJoseph\uff09\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u5c07\u4e00\u7248\u300a\u53cd\u5c0d\u6d3e\u901a\u8a0a\u300b\u7684\u6587\u672c\u4ea4\u7d66\u4e86\u683c\u5225\u70cf\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u56b4\u91cd\u7834\u58de\u4e86\u8a72\u4efd\u901a\u8a0a\u7684\u88fd\u4f5c\u3002\u9084\u6709\u5bc6\u723e\uff08Mill\uff09\uff08\u4fdd\u7f85\uff0e\u5967\u80afPaul 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Sobel\uff09\uff0c\u4f5c\u70ba\u4fc4\u7f85\u65af\u5728\u7f8e\u570b\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u9593\u8adc\u7d44\u7e54\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u6210\u54e1\u53d7\u5be9\u3002\u5091\u514b\u00b7\u7d22\u5e03\u723e\u5728\u53e3\u4f9b\u4e2d\u3001\u5728\u53d7\u5be9\u6642\u3001\u5728\u5176\u540c\u5925\u8332\u535a\u7f85\u592b\u65af\u57fa\uff08Mark Zborowski\uff09\u53d7\u507d\u8b49\u5be9\u5224\u6642\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u6709\u95dc\u9593\u8adc\u6d3b\u52d5\u7684\u53c3\u8b70\u9662\u807d\u8b49\u6703\u7684\u8b49\u8a5e\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u548c\u4ed6\u7684\u5144\u5f1f\uff08\u73fe\u5728\u88ab\u7a31\u70ba\u7f85\u4f2f\u7279\uff0e\u7d22\u5e03\u723eRobert Sobel\uff09\u8a73\u7d30\u8b49\u5be6\u4e86\u683c\u5225\u70cf\u5728\u8b00\u5bb3\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u53ca\u5176\u5bb6\u4eba\u548c\u652f\u6301\u8005\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u626e\u6f14\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u6e34\u671b\u9003\u96e2\u5b64\u7acb\u7684\u6bd4\u65bc\u5361\u9054\uff0c\u627e\u5230\u4e00\u500b\u66f4\u9760\u8fd1\u6b50\u6d32\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u57fa\u5730\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u8cc7\u672c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u6c11\u4e3b\u570b\u5bb6\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u9858\u610f\u7d66\u4e88\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u653f\u6cbb\u5e87\u8b77\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u6b0a\u5229\u3002\u6700\u7d42\uff0c\u57281933\u5e74\uff0c\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u7372\u6e96\u9032\u5165\u6cd5\u570b\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u653f\u6cbb\u7dca\u5f35\u5c40\u52e2\u7684\u52a0\u5287\uff0c\u7279\u5225\u662f\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u7fa9\u548c\u6cd5\u897f\u65af\u53f3\u7ffc\u52e2\u529b\u7684\u58ef\u5927\uff0c\u5f88\u5feb\u5c0e\u81f4\u6cd5\u570b\u9054\u62c9\u7b2c\uff08Daladier\uff09\u653f\u5e9c\u4e0b\u4ee4\u9a45\u9010\u4ed6\u3002\u5e7e\u4e4e\u6bcf\u500b\u6b50\u6d32\u653f\u5e9c\u90fd\u5df2\u62d2\u7d55\u7d66\u4e88\u4ed6\u653f\u6cbb\u5e87\u8b77\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u6240\u5beb\uff0c\u4ed6\u751f\u6d3b\u5728\u4e00\u500b\u300c\u6c92\u6709\u7c3d\u8b49\u7684\u661f\u7403\u300d\u4e0a\u30021935\u5e74\uff0c\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u5728\u632a\u5a01\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u77ed\u66ab\u7684\u907f\u96e3\u6240\uff0c\u5728\u90a3\u88e1\u4ed6\u5beb\u4e0b\u4e86\u300a\u88ab\u80cc\u53db\u7684\u9769\u547d\u300b\uff081936\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u5728\u6cd5\u570b\u6642\u5beb\u9053\uff1a\u300c\u8aaa\u8b0a\u3001\u5f04\u865b\u4f5c\u5047\u3001\u507d\u9020\u4ee5\u53ca\u6feb\u7528\u5be9\u5224\uff0c\u9054\u5230\u4e86\u8fc4\u4eca\u4ee5\u524d\u6b77\u53f2\u4e0a\u6240\u672a\u6709\u7684\u5730\u6b65\u2026\u2026\u300d\uff08\u300a\u6d41\u4ea1\u4e2d\u7684\u65e5\u8a18\u300b\uff0c45\u9801\uff09\u3002\u4f46\u5728\u4ed6\u62b5\u9054\u632a\u5a01\u5f8c\u4e0d\u4e45\uff0c\u83ab\u65af\u79d1\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u5927\u6e05\u6d17\u5be9\u5224\u5c31\u5728\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u9762\u524d\u7206\u767c\u4e86\u3002\u300c\u76ee\u524d\u8607\u806f\u6b63\u5728\u9032\u884c\u4e00\u5834\u64fe\u4e82\u4eba\u5fc3\u7684\u5be9\u5224\u3002\u300d\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u5728\u65e5\u8a18\u4e2d\u8a55\u8ad6\u9053\uff1b\u300c\u53f2\u592a\u6797\u5c08\u653f\u4f86\u5230\u5168\u65b0\u7684\u754c\u7dda\u3002\u300d<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u99ed\u4eba\u807d\u805e\u7684\u4f5c\u79c0\u516c\u5be9\uff0c\u5b63\u8afe\u7dad\u4e5f\u592b\u3001\u52a0\u7c73\u6d85\u592b\u548c\u5e03\u723e\u4ec0\u7dad\u514b\u9ee8\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u91cd\u8981\u9818\u5c0e\u4eba\u90fd\u4ee5\u634f\u9020\u7684\u7f6a\u540d\u88ab\u63a7\u7f6a\uff0c\u80cc\u5f8c\u662f\u507d\u9020\u4f9b\u8a5e\u3001\u6b98\u9177\u65bd\u58d3\u3001\u65bd\u4ee5\u9177\u5211\u548c\u5a01\u8105\u88ab\u544a\u5bb6\u5c6c\u3002\u4e3b\u8981\u88ab\u544a\u88ab\u5224\u8655\u6b7b\u5211\u4e26\u7acb\u5373\u57f7\u884c\u3002\u53f2\u592a\u6797\u53cd\u5c0d\u300c\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u4e3b\u7fa9\u300d\u7684\u904b\u52d5\u9054\u5230\u4e86\u9ad8\u6f6e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u9019\u4e9b\u5927\u6e05\u6d17\u7684\u5be9\u5224\u4e2d\uff0c\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u4f5c\u70ba\u7f3a\u5e2d\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u88ab\u544a\uff0c\u88ab\u6307\u63a7\u9032\u884c\u4e86\u6578\u4e0d\u6e05\u7684\u9670\u8b00\u6d3b\u52d5\uff0c\u64da\u7a31\u5176\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u6697\u6bba\u53f2\u592a\u6797\u3001\u6c83\u7f85\u5e0c\u6d1b\u592b\u3001\u5361\u5ca1\u8afe\u7dad\u5947\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u8607\u806f\u9818\u5c0e\u4eba\uff0c\u4e26\u79d8\u5bc6\u52fe\u7d50\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u548c\u65e5\u672c\u5929\u7687\uff0c\u610f\u5716\u6467\u6bc0\u8607\u7dad\u57c3\u653f\u6b0a\u4e26\u4f7f\u8607\u806f\u89e3\u9ad4\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8207\u6b64\u540c\u6642\uff0c\u53f2\u592a\u6797\u5c0d\u632a\u5a01\u653f\u5e9c\u65bd\u52a0\u4e86\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u58d3\u529b\u4ee5\u9650\u5236\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\uff0c\u9632\u6b62\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u5c0d\u83ab\u65af\u79d1\u7684\u5351\u9119\u6307\u63a7\u4f5c\u51fa\u56de\u61c9\u548c\u53cd\u99c1\u3002\u70ba\u4e86\u907f\u514d\u906d\u5230\u76e3\u7981\uff0c\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u53e6\u5c0b\u907f\u96e3\u6240\uff0c\u4ed6\u6025\u5207\u5730\u63a5\u53d7\u4e86\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u5361\u5fb7\u7d0d\u65af\u653f\u5e9c\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u5e87\u8b77\u3002\u9014\u4e2d\uff0c\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u56de\u61b6\u8d77\u4e86\u4ed6\u5beb\u7d66\u653f\u6cbb\u5c40\u7684\u516c\u958b\u4fe1\uff0c\u5728\u4fe1\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u9810\u898b\u4e86\u53f2\u592a\u6797\u7684\u300c\u4e16\u754c\u7bc4\u570d\u7684\u5b98\u50da\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8ab9\u8b17\u904b\u52d5\u300d\uff0c\u4e26\u9810\u8a00\u4e86\u5c0d\u4ed6\u7684\u6697\u6bba\u4f01\u5716\u3002\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u4ee5\u4ee4\u4eba\u4e0d\u5bd2\u800c\u6817\u7684\u9810\u611f\u88dc\u5145\u9053\uff1a\u300c\u53f2\u592a\u6797\u5728\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5c64\u6b21\u4e0a\u9b25\u722d\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e0d\u662f\u653b\u64ca\u5c0d\u624b\u7684\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u653b\u64ca\u5c0d\u624b\u7684\u982d\u9871\u3002\u300d\uff08\u300a\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u6587\u96c6\u300b\uff0c1936-37\uff0c\u7b2c44\u9801\uff09<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u4fc4\u7f85\u65af\uff0c\u6e05\u6d17\u7684\u7bc4\u570d\u4e26\u4e0d\u50c5\u9650\u65bc\u5c11\u6578\u8001\u5e03\u723e\u4ec0\u7dad\u514b\u6216\u5de6\u7ffc\u53cd\u5c0d\u6d3e\u3002\u6bcf\u6709\u4e00\u4f4d\u9818\u5c0e\u4eba\u51fa\u73fe\u5728\u516c\u5be9\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c31\u6709\u6210\u767e\u4e0a\u5343\u7684\u4eba\u88ab\u79d8\u5bc6\u5730\u95dc\u62bc\u8d77\u4f86\uff0c\u6216\u88ab\u9001\u5230\u5317\u6975\u7684\u52de\u6539\u71df\u7b49\u6b7b\uff0c\u6216\u5728\u76e3\u7344\u7684\u5730\u7a96\u88e1\u88ab\u8349\u8349\u8655\u6c7a\u3002\u5728\u5927\u6e05\u6d17\u4e2d\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u6709800\u842c\u4eba\u88ab\u6355\uff0c\u9084\u6709500\u5230600\u842c\u4eba\u5728\u52de\u6539\u71df\u88e1\u7121\u4eba\u904e\u554f\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u8a31\u591a\u4eba\u88ab\u8655\u6b7b\u3002\u6beb\u7121\u7591\u554f\uff0c\u5de6\u7ffc\u53cd\u5c0d\u6d3e\u7684\u652f\u6301\u8005\uff0c\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u8ffd\u96a8\u8005\uff0c\u627f\u53d7\u8457\u6700\u6b98\u9177\u7684\u93ae\u58d3\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5229\u5967\u6ce2\u5fb7\uff0e\u7279\u96f7\u4f2f\uff08Leopold Trepper\uff09\uff0c\u4e00\u4f4d\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u9769\u547d\u8005\uff0c\u66fe\u88ab\u6372\u5165\u683c\u5225\u70cf\u88e1\u9762\uff0c\u5728\u4ed6\u6700\u8fd1\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u56de\u61b6\u9304\u4e2d\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u9019\u6a23\u4e00\u500b\u554f\u984c\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u300c\u4f46\u7576\u6642\u6709\u8ab0\u6297\u8b70\uff1f\u8ab0\u7ad9\u51fa\u4f86\u8868\u9054\u4ed6\u7684\u61a4\u6012\uff1f\u300d\uff08\u300a\u5049\u5927\u7684\u904a\u6232\u300bThe Great Game, 1977\uff09\u3002\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\u56de\u7b54\u4e86\u9019\u500b\u554f\u984c\uff1a\u300c\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u6d3e\u53ef\u4ee5\u8981\u6c42\u9019\u4e00\u69ae\u8b7d\u3002\u9019\u7fa4\u4eba\u4ee5\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u9818\u8896\u70ba\u699c\u6a23\uff0c\u9019\u4f4d\u9818\u8896\u88ab\u53f2\u592a\u6797\u7528\u51b0\u93ac\u7684\u4e00\u7aef\u734e\u52f5\u4ed6\u7684\u9811\u5f37\u4e0d\u5c48\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u8207\u53f2\u592a\u6797\u4e3b\u7fa9\u6230\u9b25\u5230\u6b7b\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4ed6\u5011\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u9019\u9ebc\u505a\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u5927\u6e05\u6d17\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u53ea\u80fd\u5728\u51b0\u51b7\u7684\u8352\u539f\u4e0a\u5927\u8072\u53cd\u6297\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u88ab\u62d6\u5230\u90a3\u88e1\u7b49\u8457\u88ab\u6d88\u6ec5\u3002\u5728\u52de\u6539\u71df\u88e1\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u4ee4\u4eba\u6b3d\u4f69\u3002\u4f46\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u8072\u97f3\u6d88\u5931\u5728\u82d4\u539f\u4e0a\u3002\u4eca\u5929\uff0c\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u6d3e\u6709\u6b0a\u5229\u6307\u8cac\u90a3\u4e9b\u66fe\u7d93\u72fc\u72fd\u70ba\u5978\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8acb\u4ed6\u5011\u4e0d\u8981\u5fd8\u8a18\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u64c1\u6709\u6bd4\u6211\u5011\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u512a\u52e2\uff0c\u5373\u64c1\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u80fd\u5920\u53d6\u4ee3\u53f2\u592a\u6797\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u9023\u8cab\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u9ad4\u7cfb\u3002\u5728\u76ee\u7779\u9769\u547d\u906d\u5230\u80cc\u53db\u7684\u6975\u5ea6\u60b2\u75db\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u4ecd\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u4fe1\u5ff5\u5fc5\u9808\u5805\u6301\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u4e0d\u300e\u8a8d\u7f6a\u300f\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u4ed6\u5011\u77e5\u9053\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8a8d\u7f6a\u5c0d\u9ee8\u548c\u793e\u6703\u4e3b\u7fa9\u90fd\u6c92\u6709\u597d\u8655\u3002\u300d\uff0856\u9801\uff09<\/p>\n<p>\u4fc4\u7f85\u65af\u7684\u5927\u6e05\u6d17\u4e5f\u8207\u53f2\u592a\u6797\u5c0d\u9769\u547d\u4ee5\u53ca1936\u5e74\u590f\u5929\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u7206\u767c\u7684\u5167\u6230\u9032\u884c\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u53cd\u9769\u547d\u4ecb\u5165\u6709\u95dc\u3002\u901a\u904e\u83ab\u65af\u79d1\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u5171\u7522\u9ee8\u7684\u5b98\u50da\u9818\u5c0e\u3001\u8607\u806f\u8ecd\u4e8b\u9867\u554f\u6a5f\u69cb\u4ee5\u53ca\u683c\u5225\u70cf\u7684\u300c\u7279\u5225\u4efb\u52d9\u5c0f\u7d44\u300d\uff0c\u53f2\u592a\u6797\u5c07\u4ed6\u7684\u6050\u6016\u93ae\u58d3\u4f38\u5411\u4e86\u7121\u653f\u5e9c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u3001\u5de6\u7ffc\u6fc0\u9032\u5206\u5b50\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u963b\u7919\u4ed6\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u3002\u8207\u6b64\u540c\u6642\uff0c\u53f2\u592a\u6797\u7684\u79d8\u5bc6\u8b66\u5bdf\u4e5f\u52a0\u5f37\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u7834\u58de\u7531\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u7684\u5152\u5b50\u5217\u592b\u00b7\u8b1d\u591a\u592b\uff08Leon Sedov\uff09\u9818\u5c0e\u7684\uff0c\u4f4d\u65bc\u5df4\u9ece\u7684\u570b\u969b\u5de6\u7ffc\u53cd\u5c0d\u6d3e\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3002<\/p>\n<p>1936\u5e74\uff0c\u683c\u5225\u70cf\u7aca\u53d6\u4e86\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u5b58\u653e\u5728\u5df4\u9ece\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u6a94\u6848\uff0c\u6b64\u8209\u65e8\u5728\u524a\u5f31\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u56de\u64ca\u83ab\u65af\u79d1\u5927\u5be9\u4e2d\u99ed\u4eba\u6307\u63a7\u548c\u507d\u8b49\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u3002\u4f46\u5c0d\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u672c\u4eba\u548c\u6574\u500b\u53cd\u5c0d\u6d3e\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u66f4\u6c88\u91cd\u7684\u6253\u64ca\u662f\u8b1d\u591a\u592b\u7684\u6b7b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5354\u52a9\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u8457\u8ff0\u3001\u7c4c\u5099\u548c\u5206\u9001\u300a\u53cd\u5c0d\u6d3e\u901a\u8a0a\u300b\u3001\u7dad\u6301\u570b\u969b\u53cd\u5c0d\u6d3e\u5718\u9ad4\u9593\u7684\u806f\u7e6b\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e2d\u8b1d\u591a\u592b\u4e0d\u53ef\u6216\u7f3a\u3002\u540c\u6642\uff0c\u8b1d\u591a\u592b\u4e5f\u70ba\u53cd\u5c0d\u6d3e\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u505a\u51fa\u4e86\u5091\u51fa\u7684\u3001\u7368\u7acb\u7684\u8ca2\u737b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7136\u800c\uff0c1937\u5e74\u521d\uff0c\u4ed6\u61f7\u7591\u60a3\u4e0a\u4e86\u95cc\u5c3e\u708e\u3002\u5728\u4ed6\u6700\u89aa\u5bc6\u7684\u5408\u4f5c\u5925\u4f34\u300c\u827e\u8482\u5b89\u300d\uff08Etienne\uff09\u7684\u5efa\u8b70\u4e0b\uff0c\u8b1d\u591a\u592b\u9032\u5165\u4e86\u4e00\u5bb6\u8a3a\u6240\u9032\u884c\u624b\u8853\u2014\u2014\u5f8c\u4f86\u767c\u73fe\u9019\u5bb6\u8a3a\u6240\u7531\u300c\u767d\u4fc4\u300d\u5f8c\u88d4\uff08\u6307\u7684\u662f\u9769\u547d\u53ca\u5167\u6230\u5f8c\u9077\u5c45\u570b\u5916\u7684\u4fc4\u7f85\u65af\u79fb\u6c11\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u53cd\u5c0d\u8607\u7dad\u57c3\u653f\u6b0a\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5927\u591a\u6578\u662f\u767d\u8ecd\u7684\u652f\u6301\u8005\uff09\u548c\u6709\u53f2\u592a\u6797\u4e3b\u7fa9\u50be\u5411\u7684\u4fc4\u7f85\u65af\u4eba\u7d93\u71df\u3002\u8b1d\u591a\u592b\u4e00\u5ea6\u5f9e\u624b\u8853\u4e2d\u6062\u5fa9\u4e86\u904e\u4f86\uff1b\u4f46\u4e0d\u4e45\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u4ed6\u6b7b\u65bc\u6975\u5ea6\u795e\u79d8\u7684\u7665\u72c0\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8b49\u64da\u4ee5\u53ca\u81f3\u5c11\u4e00\u540d\u91ab\u751f\u7684\u610f\u898b\u90fd\u5c07\u6b7b\u56e0\u6307\u5411\u4e2d\u6bd2\uff0c\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u8abf\u67e5\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u75c5\u6700\u521d\u662f\u7531\u8907\u96dc\u7684\u3001\u5e7e\u4e4e\u7121\u6cd5\u5bdf\u89ba\u7684\u4e2d\u6bd2\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u70ba\u4ed6\u6b7b\u53bb\u7684\u5152\u5b50\u5beb\u4e86\u4e00\u7bc7\u611f\u4eba\u7684\u60bc\u8a5e\uff1a\u300a\u5152\u5b50\u00b7\u670b\u53cb\u00b7\u6230\u58eb\u2500\u2500\u60bc\u5217\u592b\uff0e\u8b1d\u591a\u592b\u300b\uff08\u300a\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u6587\u96c6\u300b\uff0c1937-38\uff0c166\uff5e179\u9801\uff09\u3002\u4ed6\u8b9a\u63da\u4e86\u8b1d\u591a\u592b\u634d\u885b\u99ac\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u771f\u6b63\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u53cd\u5c0d\u53f2\u592a\u6797\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5c0d\u99ac\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u6b6a\u66f2\u3002\u4f46\u5728\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d \uff0c\u4ed6\u4e5f\u900f\u9732\u51fa\u9019\u5c0d\u4ed6\u500b\u4eba\u4f86\u8aaa\u662f\u591a\u9ebc\u6c88\u91cd\u7684\u6253\u64ca\u3002\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u70ba\u81ea\u5df1\u548c\u5a1c\u5854\u8389\u5a6d\uff08Natalia Sedova\uff09\u5beb\u9053\uff1a\u300c\u4ed6\u662f\u6211\u5011\u592b\u59bb\u5006\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u4efd\uff0c\u662f\u6211\u5011\u9752\u5e74\u6642\u671f\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u6211\u5011\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u8207\u611f\u60c5\uff0c\u6bcf\u5929\u7d93\u904e\u5e7e\u767e\u500b\u5b54\u9053\u50b3\u9054\u5230\u5df4\u9ece\u7684\u4ed6\u3002\u6211\u5011\u7684\u5152\u5b50\u4e00\u6b7b\uff0c\u7559\u5728\u6211\u5011\u5fc3\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u9752\u5e74\u6642\u4ee3\u7684\u6771\u897f\uff0c\u4e5f\u90fd\u8ddf\u8457\u6b7b\u53bb\u4e86\u3002\u300d<\/p>\n<p>\u96a8\u5f8c\uff0c\u6709\u6d88\u606f\u900f\u9732\uff0c\u8b1d\u591a\u592b\u88ab\u300c\u827e\u8482\u5b89\u300d\u80cc\u53db\u4e86\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u4eba\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u683c\u5225\u70cf\u7279\u52d9\uff0c\u6bd4\u4ee5\u524d\u6ef2\u900f\u5230\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u5708\u5b50\u88e1\u7684\u9593\u8adc\u548c\u5978\u7d30\u8981\u9670\u96aa\u7121\u60c5\u5f97\u591a\u3002\u827e\u8482\u5b89\u5f8c\u4f86\u88ab\u63ed\u9732\u5176\u771f\u5be6\u8eab\u5206\u70ba\u99ac\u514b\u00b7\u8332\u535a\u7f85\u592b\u65af\u57fa\uff0c\u4ed6\u548c\u7d22\u5e03\u723e\u5144\u5f1f\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c20\u4e16\u7d0050\u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\u5728\u7f8e\u570b\u88ab\u63ed\u9732\u70ba\u683c\u5225\u70cf\u7f8e\u570b\u9593\u8adc\u7db2\u7d61\u7684\u95dc\u9375\u4eba\u7269\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u88ab\u6355\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u8332\u535a\u7f85\u592b\u65af\u57fa\u5df2\u7d93\u72af\u4e0b\u4e00\u9023\u4e32\u7684\u80cc\u53db\u3001\u6cbe\u67d3\u4e0d\u5c11\u9bae\u8840\u3002\u8332\u535a\u7f85\u592b\u65af\u57fa\u5728\u7f8e\u570b\u7684\u5be9\u5224\u4e2d\u627f\u8a8d\uff0c\u4ed6\u66fe\u8b93\u683c\u5225\u70cf\u9032\u5165\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u7684\u6a94\u6848\u5ba4\uff0c\u4e26\u8ca0\u8cac\u300c\u8655\u7406\u300d\u514b\u840a\u9580\u7279\uff08Rudolf Klement\uff09\uff08\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u7684\u79d8\u66f8\uff0c1938\u5e74\u5728\u5df4\u9ece\u88ab\u8b00\u6bba\uff09\u3001\u6c83\u592b\uff08Erwin Wolf\uff09\uff08\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u7684\u652f\u6301\u8005\uff0c\u524d\u5f80\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u4e26\u57281937\u5e747\u6708\u88ab\u8b00\u6bba\uff09\u548c\u8cf4\u65af\uff08Ignace Reiss\uff09\uff08\u4e00\u500b\u683c\u5225\u70cf\u9ad8\u7d1a\u7279\u52d9\uff0c\u62cb\u68c4\u4e86\u53f2\u592a\u6797\u7684\u6050\u6016\u93ae\u58d3\u6a5f\u5668\uff0c\u4e26\u5ba3\u5e03\u652f\u6301\u7b2c\u56db\u570b\u969b\uff0c1937\u5e749\u6708\u5728\u745e\u58eb\u88ab\u8b00\u6bba\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u64da\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\u627f\u8a8d\uff0c\u8332\u535a\u7f85\u592b\u65af\u57fa\u81ea1931\u5e74\u62161932\u5e74\u4ee5\u4f86\u4e00\u76f4\u662f\u4e00\u540d\u5c08\u696d\u7684\u683c\u5225\u70cf\u7279\u52d9\uff08\u4e0d\u904e\u66f4\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u5f9e1928\u5e74\u958b\u59cb\u7684\uff09\u3002\u4ed6\u53ef\u80fd\u66fe\u7d93\u662f\u6ce2\u862d\u5171\u7522\u9ee8\u7684\u4e00\u54e1\uff08\u5118\u7ba1\u4ed6\u5426\u8a8d\u4e86\u9019\u4e00\u9ede\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u7121\u7591\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u53f2\u592a\u6797\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u7279\u52d9\u3002\u6beb\u7121\u7591\u554f\uff0c\u4ed6\u8207\u5df4\u9ece\u7684\u5091\u514b\uff0e\u7d22\u5e03\u723e\u6709\u806f\u7e6b\uff0c\u4e5f\u8207\u683c\u5225\u70cf\u5728\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u7684\u300c\u7279\u5225\u4efb\u52d9\u5c0f\u7d44\u300d\u7684\u7279\u52d9\u6709\u806f\u7e6b\u3002\u300c\u7279\u5225\u4efb\u52d9\u5c0f\u7d44\u300d\u5728\u5df4\u585e\u9686\u62ff\u8b00\u6bba\u4e86\u6c83\u592b\uff0c\u5728\u9019\u500b\u5c0f\u7d44\u88e1\u9084\u6709\u81ed\u540d\u662d\u8457\u7684\u611b\u5ef7\u8ca2\u4e0a\u6821\uff08Colonel Eitingon\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6b63\u662f\u611b\u5ef7\u8ca2\u9019\u500b\u4eba\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u8a31\u591a\u5047\u540d\u5728\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u6307\u63ee\u4e86\u91dd\u5c0d\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u7684\u6697\u6bba\u884c\u52d5\uff0c\u4e00\u540c\u884c\u52d5\u7684\u9084\u6709\u4ed6\u7684\u683c\u5225\u70cf\u540c\u5925\u517c\u60c5\u4eba\uff0c\u5361\u91cc\u9054\u00b7\u9ea5\u5361\u5fb7\uff08Caridad Mercader\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u5979\u7684\u5152\u5b50\u62c9\u8499\u00b7\u9ea5\u5361\u5fb7\uff08Ramon Mercader\uff09\uff0c\u5f8c\u8005\u6b63\u662f\u6bba\u5bb3\u4e86\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u7684\u7279\u52d9\u3002\u8332\u535a\u7f85\u592b\u65af\u57fa\u9084\u8ca0\u8cac\u5c07\u9ea5\u5361\u5fb7\u6253\u5165\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u7684\u5708\u5b50\u88e1\u3002\u5728\u6697\u6bba\u7684\u8fd1\u5169\u5e74\u524d\uff0c\u4ed6\u7cbe\u5fc3\u7b56\u5283\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u9670\u8b00\uff0c\u8b93\u9ea5\u5361\u5fb7\u5f15\u8a98\u5e74\u8f15\u7684\u7f8e\u570b\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u897f\u723e\u7dad\u5a6d\u00b7\u963f\u683c\u6d1b\u592b\uff08Sylvia Ageloff\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u4f5c\u70ba\u9032\u5165\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u5bb6\u7684\u624b\u6bb5\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u83ab\u65af\u79d1\u5be9\u5224\u548c\u8840\u8165\u5927\u6e05\u6d17<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u300c\u53f2\u592a\u6797\u5c08\u653f\u4f86\u5230\u5168\u65b0\u7684\u754c\u7dda\u2026\u2026<\/strong><strong>\u300d<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u7576\u6642\u6240\u6709\u7684\u8b49\u64da\u90fd\u6307\u5411\u4e86\u683c\u5225\u70cf\u8b00\u6bba\u4e86\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u3001\u4ed6\u7684\u5152\u5b50\u5217\u592b\u00b7\u8b1d\u591a\u592b\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u4e3b\u8981\u652f\u6301\u8005\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5f8c\u4f86\uff0c\u9019\u4e00\u9ede\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u5145\u5206\u7684\u8b49\u5be6\uff0c\u4e0d\u50c5\u662f\u7d22\u5e03\u723e\u5144\u5f1f\u3001\u8332\u535a\u7f85\u592b\u65af\u57fa\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\uff0c\u57281950\u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\u523060\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\u88ab\u8feb\u5728\u7f8e\u570b\u6cd5\u9662\u548c\u53c3\u8b70\u9662\u807d\u8b49\u6703\u4e0a\u7684\u8b49\u8a5e\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u7d66\u51fa\u4e86\u8a73\u7d30\u8b49\u64da\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u9084\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u9003\u96e2\u4fc4\u7f85\u65af\u7684\u683c\u5225\u70cf\u9ad8\u7d1a\u5b98\u54e1\uff0c\u63ed\u9732\u4e86\u4ed6\u5011\u6240\u6d89\u5165\u7684\u8b00\u6bba\u6d3b\u52d5\u7684\u771f\u76f8\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9996\u5148\u9047\u5bb3\u7684\u662f\u51fa\u8eab\u683c\u5225\u70cf\u7684\u8cf4\u65af\uff0c\u4ed6\u5f88\u5feb\u5c31\u56e0\u70ba\u8b74\u8cac\u53f2\u592a\u6797\u7684\u7f6a\u884c\u800c\u4ed8\u51fa\u4e86\u751f\u547d\u7684\u4ee3\u50f9\u3002\u5f8c\u4f86\uff0c\u5167\u6230\u671f\u9593\u5728\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u64d4\u4efb\u683c\u5225\u70cf\u4e3b\u7ba1\u7684\u5967\u723e\u6d1b\u592b\uff08Alexander Orlov\uff09\u9003\u5230\u4e86\u7f8e\u570b\u3002\u4ed6\u8a66\u5716\u8b66\u544a\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\uff0c\u6709\u4eba\u5728\u5bc6\u8b00\u5371\u5bb3\u4ed6\u7684\u751f\u547d\uff0c\u5118\u7ba1\u8b66\u544a\u53ea\u6709\u90e8\u5206\u6210\u529f\u594f\u6548\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u5bb3\u6015\u88ab\u5978\u7d30\u8aa4\u5c0e\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f46\u662f\u5967\u723e\u6d1b\u592b\u5728\u5411\u7f8e\u570b\u653f\u5e9c\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u8b49\u64da\u548c\u4ed6\u6240\u5beb\u7684\u300a\u53f2\u592a\u6797\u8085\u53cd\u79d8\u53f2\uff08The Secret History of Stalin&#8217;s Crimes\uff09\u300b\u4e2d\uff0c\u8a73\u7d30\u5730\u8b49\u5be6\u4e86\u8332\u535a\u7f85\u592b\u65af\u57fa\u3001\u827e\u8482\u5b89\u548c\u9ea5\u5361\u5fb7\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u66f4\u6709\u529b\u7684\u8b49\u64da\u662f\u7531\u5f8c\u4f86\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u683c\u5225\u70cf\u53db\u9003\u8005\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u514b\u91cc\u7dad\u8328\u57fa\uff08Krivitsky\uff09\uff081941\u5e74\u88ab\u683c\u5225\u70cf\u8ffd\u8e64\u4e26\u6bba\u5bb3\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5f8c\u4f86\u9003\u5230\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9e\u7684\u5f17\u62c9\u57fa\u7c73\u723e\u00b7\u5f7c\u5f97\u7f85\u592b\uff08Vladimir Petrov\uff09\u4e0a\u6821\u548c\u5c3c\u53e4\u62c9\uff0e\u970d\u8d6b\u6d1b\u592b\uff08Nikolai Khokhlov\uff09\u4e0a\u5c09\u3002\u970d\u8d6b\u6d1b\u592b\u8b49\u5be6\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u300c\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u7684\u6697\u6bba\u884c\u52d5\u662f\u7531\u611b\u5ef7\u8ca2\u5c11\u5c07\u7d44\u7e54\u7684\uff0c\u4ed6\u7576\u6642\u5728\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u662f\u5361\u6258\u592b\uff08Katov\uff09\u5c07\u8ecd\u2026\u62db\u52df\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u4eba\u662f\u70ba\u4e86\u66ff\u8607\u806f\u60c5\u5831\u6a5f\u69cb\u9032\u884c\u727d\u5236\u6d3b\u52d5\u3002\u300d<\/p>\n<p>\u970d\u8d6b\u6d1b\u592b\u88dc\u5145\u9053\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u300c\u5728\u90a3\u88e1\uff0c\u4ed6\u62db\u52df\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u4eba\uff0c\u4ed6\u88ab\u5e36\u5230\u8607\u806f\uff0c\u88ab\u8a73\u7d30\u5730\u4ecb\u7d39\u4e86\u60c5\u6cc1\uff0c\u5f8c\u4f86\u5316\u540d\u9ea5\u7d0d\u5fb7\uff08Mornard\uff0c\u5373\u9ea5\u5361\u5fb7\u6216\u300c\u5091\u514b\u68ee\u300dJacson\uff09\u4e26\u88ab\u6d3e\u81f3\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u3002\u300d\uff08\u5f15\u7528\u827e\u85a9\u514b\u00b7\u5510\u00b7\u840a\u6587Isaac Don Levine\u300a\u523a\u5ba2\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u300b\uff0c1960\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c34\u9801\uff09<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u6b66\u88dd\u7a81\u8972\u8207\u6697\u6bba<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u300c\u5831\u61c9\u5c07\u6703\u56de\u5230\u5351\u52a3\u7684\u8b00\u6bba\u8005\u8eab\u4e0a\u3002\u300d<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1937\u5e741\u6708\uff0c\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u3001\u5a1c\u5854\u8389\u5a6d\u8207\u4e00\u7fa4\u95dc\u4fc2\u89aa\u5bc6\u7684\u4eba\u62b5\u9054\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u7684\u5361\u5fb7\u7d0d\u65af\uff08General Lazaro Cardenas\uff09\u653f\u5e9c\u662f\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u5728\u4e16\u4e0a\u6700\u5f8c\u5e7e\u5e74\u7684\u751f\u6daf\u4e2d\u552f\u4e00\u6e96\u4e88\u5176\u5e87\u8b77\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\uff0c\u8207\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u65b9\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\u63a5\u5f85\u72c0\u6cc1\u5f62\u6210\u9bae\u660e\u5c0d\u6bd4\uff0c\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u5728\u9019\u88e1\u53d7\u5230\u4e86\u5b98\u65b9\u7684\u76db\u5927\u6b61\u8fce\uff0c\u4e26\u4f4f\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u53cb\u4eba\u517c\u653f\u6cbb\u652f\u6301\u8005\uff0c\u77e5\u540d\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u756b\u5bb6\u758a\u6208\u00b7\u91cc\u7dad\u62c9\uff08Diego Rivera\uff09\u501f\u7d66\u4ed6\u4f4d\u65bc\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u57ce\u90ca\u5340\u79d1\u7d04\u963f\u574e\u7684\u623f\u5b50\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u525b\u62b5\u9054\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u6642\uff0c\u83ab\u65af\u79d1\u6b63\u6070\u9022\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u83ab\u65af\u79d1\u5be9\u5224\uff0c\u4e14\u5728\u4e0d\u4e45\u4e4b\u5f8c\u53c8\u8fce\u4f86\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e09\u6b21\u3001\u66f4\u70ba\u602a\u8a95\u7684\u5be9\u5224\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5a1c\u5854\u8389\u5a6d\u63d0\u53ca\u6b64\u4e8b\uff1a\u300c\u6211\u5011\u807d\u8457\u6536\u97f3\u6a5f\uff0c\u6253\u958b\u4fe1\u4ef6\u8207\u83ab\u65af\u79d1\u7684\u5831\u7d19\uff0c\u5728\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\uff0c\u4ea6\u6216\u662f\u5728\u632a\u5a01\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u90fd\u611f\u53d7\u5230\u540c\u6a23\u7684\u760b\u72c2\u3001\u8352\u5510\u3001\u61a4\u6012\u3001\u53d7\u6b3a\u548c\u9bae\u8840\u6dcb\u6f13\u5f9e\u56db\u9762\u516b\u65b9\u671d\u6211\u5011\u6d36\u6e67\u800c\u4f86\u3002\u300d\uff08\u300a\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u7684\u751f\u8207\u6b7b\u300b\uff0c\u7b2c212\u9801\uff09<\/p>\n<p>\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u518d\u6b21\u63ed\u9732\u9019\u4e9b\u99ed\u4eba\u7684\u4f5c\u79c0\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5047\u8b49\u64da\u5982\u4f55\u81ea\u76f8\u77db\u76fe\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u5728\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\u5fb9\u5e95\u53cd\u99c1\u4e86\u90a3\u4e9b\u5c08\u5c0d\u4ed6\u672c\u4eba\u4ee5\u53ca\u652f\u6301\u8005\u7684\u6240\u6709\u4e0d\u5be6\u6307\u63a7\uff0c\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4e8b\u5be6\u66f4\u8b49\u660e\u4e86\u662f\u53ef\u80fd\u7d44\u7e54\u4e00\u500b\u7531\u7f8e\u570b\u81ea\u7531\u6d3e\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u675c\u5a01\uff08John 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Alfaro Siqueiros\uff09\uff0c\u6b64\u4eba\u8ddf\u91cc\u7dad\u62c9\u4e00\u6a23\u90fd\u662f\u77e5\u540d\u756b\u5bb6\u3002\u4f46\u8207\u91cc\u7dad\u62c9\u7dad\u62c9\u5927\u76f8\u9015\u5ead\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u897f\u57fa\u7f85\u662f\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u5171\u7522\u9ee8\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u6210\u54e1\uff0c\u4ed6\u66fe\u5728\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u5c45\u4f4f\uff0c\u9577\u671f\u88ab\u61f7\u7591\u8207\u683c\u5225\u70cf\u6709\u806f\u7e6b\u3002\u96d6\u7136\u53f2\u592a\u6797\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u883b\u6a6b\u5730\u8a66\u5716\u63cf\u8ff0\u9019\u6b21\u8972\u64ca\u70ba\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u300c\u81ea\u5c0e\u81ea\u6f14\u300d\u7684\u628a\u6232\uff0c\u70ba\u4e86\u62b9\u9ed1\u5171\u7522\u9ee8\u548c\u5361\u5fb7\u7d0d\u65af\u653f\u5e9c\uff0c\u4f46\u8b66\u65b9\u6700\u7d42\u9084\u662f\u902e\u6355\u4e86\u5305\u62ec\u897f\u57fa\u7f85\u65af\u5728\u5167\u7684\u4e3b\u6210\u54e1\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u7531\u65bc\u5171\u7522\u9ee8\u548c\u5de5\u6703\u806f\u5408\u6703\u65bd\u58d3\uff0c\u897f\u57fa\u7f85\u65af\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u57281941\u5e743\u6708\u88ab\u91cb\u653e\uff0c\u7406\u7531\u662f\u300c\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5be6\u8cea\u8b49\u64da\u300d\uff01<\/p>\n<p>\u897f\u57fa\u7f85\u65af\u6c92\u6709\u5426\u8a8d\u4ed6\u5728\u8972\u64ca\u4e2d\u6240\u64d4\u4efb\u7684\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ed6\u9084\u516c\u958b\u5730\u5439\u5653\u6b64\u4e8b\uff0c\u5171\u7522\u9ee8\u611f\u5230\u5c37\u5c2c\u4e0d\u5df2\u2014\u2014\u4e0d\u5168\u7136\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u9019\u4ef6\u4e8b\u60c5\u672c\u8eab\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u7684\u5931\u6557\uff0c\u4ed6\u8a66\u5716\u8b93\u81ea\u8eab\u540c\u8972\u64ca\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5206\u5272\uff0c\u5c07\u4e00\u5207\u6b78\u548e\u65bc\u300c\u4e0d\u53d7\u63a7\u7684\u56e0\u5b50\u300d\u8207\u300c\u5bc6\u63a2\u5167\u5978\u300d\u3002\u53f2\u592a\u6797\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5a92\u9ad4\u4e00\u908a\u7a31\u8b9a\u897f\u57fa\u7f85\u65af\u70ba\u82f1\u96c4\uff0c\u4e00\u908a\u53c8\u7a31\u4ed6\u70ba\u300c\u534a\u760b\u7672\u7684\u72c2\u4eba\u300d\u6216\u300c\u4e0d\u8ca0\u8cac\u4efb\u7684\u5192\u96aa\u5bb6\u300d\u2014\u2014\u751a\u81f3\u9084\u6536\u53d7\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u7684\u91d1\u9322\uff01\u5171\u7522\u9ee8\u5a92\u9ad4\u4ee5\u7121\u6065\u7684\u300c\u908f\u8f2f\u300d\u65b7\u8a00\u9019\u6b21\u8972\u64ca\u662f\u91dd\u5c0d\u5171\u7522\u9ee8\u548c\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u6311\u91c1\u884c\u70ba\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u61c9\u7acb\u5373\u88ab\u9a45\u9010\u51fa\u5883\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4e09\u5341\u516b\u5e74\u5f8c\uff0c\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u5171\u7522\u9ee8\u7684\u4e00\u4f4d\u4e3b\u8981\u6210\u54e1\u627f\u8a8d\u4e86\u4e8b\u5be6\u3002\u8a72\u9ee8\u7684\u8cc7\u6df1\u6210\u54e1\u574e\u5e15\uff08Valentin Campa\uff09\uff0c\u57281978\u5e74\u7531\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u5171\u7522\u9ee8\u81ea\u8eab\u51fa\u7248\u793e\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u56de\u61b6\u9304\u4e2d\uff0c\u65b7\u7136\u53cd\u99c1\u8a72\u9ee8\u5b98\u65b9\u5426\u8a8d\u53c3\u8207\u4e00\u4e8b\uff0c\u4e26\u8a73\u7d30\u8aaa\u660e\u4e86\u4ed6\u5011\u4f01\u5716\u8b00\u5bb3\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u751f\u547d\u6240\u505a\u7684\u6e96\u5099\u3002\u574e\u5e15\u56de\u61b6\u9304\u7684\u95dc\u9375\u6458\u9304\u767c\u8868\u5728\u66f4\u5177\u5f71\u97ff\u529b\u7684\u6cd5\u570b\u5171\u7522\u9ee8\u65e5\u5831\u4e0a\uff081978\u5e746\u670826\u65e5\u81f327\u65e5\uff0c\u4eba\u9053\u5831\uff09\uff0c\u8a72\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u5f97\u5230\u8a72\u9ee8\u7e3d\u66f8\u8a18\u99ac\u723e\u51f1\u65af\uff08George Marchais\uff09\u7684\u6388\u6b0a\uff08\u53c3\u898b\u6211\u5011\u57281978\u5e7410\u6708\u51fa\u520a\u7684\u300a\u6230\u9b25\u6d3e\u300b\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u574e\u5e15\u8b1b\u8ff0\u4e861938\u5e74\u79cb\u5929\uff0c\u4ed6\u8207\u5361\u91cc\u7565\uff08Raphael Carrillo\uff0c\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u5171\u7522\u9ee8\u4e2d\u592e\u59d4\u54e1\u6703\u6210\u54e1\uff09\u5982\u4f55\u88ab\u9ee8\u7684\u7e3d\u66f8\u8a18\u62c9\u6c83\u723e\u5fb7\uff08Herman Laborde\uff09\u53eb\u53bb\u7372\u6089\u300c\u6975\u5176\u79d8\u5bc6\u548c\u7cbe\u7d30\u7684\u4e8b\u52d9\u300d\u3002\u62c9\u6c83\u723e\u5fb7\u544a\u8a34\u4ed6\u5011\uff0c\u4e00\u4f4d\u5171\u7522\u570b\u969b\u4ee3\u8868\uff08\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u662f\u683c\u5225\u70cf\u4ee3\u8868\uff09\u66fe\u62dc\u8a2a\u904e\u4ed6\uff0c\u544a\u77e5\u4ed6\u300c\u9664\u6389\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u7684\u6c7a\u5b9a\u300d\uff0c\u4e26\u8981\u6c42\u4ed6\u5011\u843d\u5be6\u300c\u8085\u6e05\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u7684\u4efb\u52d9\u300d\u3002\u4f46\u5728\u7d93\u904e\u574e\u5e15\u7a4d\u6975\u7684\u5206\u6790\u5f8c\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u62d2\u7d55\u4e86\u9019\u9805\u63d0\u8b70\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u300c\u6211\u5011\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u662f\uff0c\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0a\u65e9\u5c31\u7d50\u675f\u4e86\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u529b\u6839\u672c\u8da8\u8fd1\u65bc\u96f6\uff0c\u9019\u4ef6\u4e8b\u6211\u5011\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u5730\u90fd\u5982\u6b64\u983b\u7e41\u5730\u8aaa\u904e\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4ed6\u88ab\u9664\u6389\u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u5c07\u5c0d\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u5171\u7522\u9ee8\u548c\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u9769\u547d\u904b\u52d5\u5728\u570b\u969b\u5171\u7522\u4e3b\u7fa9\u904b\u52d5\u4e0a\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u9020\u6210\u6975\u5927\u7684\u640d\u5bb3\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5f97\u51fa\u7684\u7d50\u8ad6\u662f\u63d0\u8b70\u9664\u6389\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u986f\u7136\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u56b4\u91cd\u7684\u932f\u8aa4\u3002\u300d\uff0c\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u4ed6\u5011\u53cd\u5c0d\u610f\u898b\uff0c\u62c9\u6c83\u723e\u5fb7\u548c\u574e\u5e15\u88ab\u6307\u8cac\u70ba\u300c\u5b97\u6d3e\u6a5f\u6703\u4e3b\u7fa9\u300d\uff0c\u4e14\u300c\u5c0d\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u6301\u67d4\u548c\u614b\u5ea6\u300d\uff0c\u96a8\u5f8c\u4fbf\u88ab\u958b\u9664\u51fa\u9ee8\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u70ba\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u5171\u7522\u9ee8\u505a\u597d\u8b00\u6bba\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u7684\u6e96\u5099\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u5be6\u65bd\u904e\u83ab\u65af\u79d1\u4e3b\u5b50\u6b98\u9177\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u53f2\u592a\u6797\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\uff1a\u66fe\u5728\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u6d3b\u8e8d\u7684\u897f\u57fa\u7f85\u65af\uff0c\u5927\u6982\u5f9e1928\u5e74\u5c31\u662f\u500b\u683c\u5225\u70cf\u7279\u5de5\u4e86\uff1b\u963f\u6839\u5ef7\u53f2\u592a\u6797\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u79d1\u591a\u7dad\u62c9\uff08Vittoria Codovila\uff09\u66fe\u5728\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u7684\u611b\u5ef7\u8ca2\u65d7\u4e0b\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u4ed6\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u53c3\u8207\u5c0d\u99ac\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7d71\u4e00\u5de5\u4eba\u9ee8\uff08POUM\uff09\u9818\u5c0e\u4eba\u5b89\u5fb7\u70c8\u65af\u00b7\u5be7\uff08Andreas Nin\uff09\u7684\u56b4\u5211\u548c\u8b00\u6bba\uff1b\u6d41\u4ea1\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u7684\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u5171\u7522\u9ee8\u9818\u5c0e\u4eba\u5207\u5361\uff08Pedro Checa\uff09\uff0c\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u9019\u500b\u5047\u540d\u662f\u5f9e\u8607\u806f\u79d8\u5bc6\u8b66\u5bdf\u300c\u5951\u5361\u300d\u884d\u4f38\u800c\u4f86\uff1b\u4ee5\u53ca\u5316\u540d\u70ba\u7dad\u9054\u5229\uff08Vittorio Vidali\uff09\u7684\u5b54\u7279\u96f7\u62c9\u65af\uff08Carlos Contreras\uff09\uff0c\u4ed6\u66fe\u4ee5\u300c\u5361\u6d1b\u65af\uff08Carlos\uff09\u5c07\u8ecd\u300d\u7684\u5047\u540d\u6d3b\u8e8d\u65bc\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u683c\u5225\u70cf\u7684\u300c\u7279\u5225\u4efb\u52d9\u5c0f\u7d44\u300d\u3002\u7576\u7136\uff0c\u7121\u6240\u4e0d\u5728\u7684\u611b\u5ef7\u8ca2\u4e0a\u6821\u7d71\u7c4c\u4e86\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u4f5c\u70ba\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u897f\u57fa\u7f85\u65af\u8207\u5176\u9ee8\u7fbd\u610f\u5716\u5f37\u884c\u5165\u4fb5\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u7684\u4f4f\u8655\u5931\u6557\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u574e\u5e15\u5beb\u9053\uff0c\u300c\u7b2c\u4e09\u7a2e\u66ff\u4ee3\u65b9\u6848\u4ed8\u8af8\u5be6\u884c\uff0c\u9ea5\u5361\u5fb7\u57281940\u5e748\u670820\u65e5\u665a\u4e0a\u6697\u6bba\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u8a8d\u70ba\u5f9e\u897f\u57fa\u7f85\u65af\u7684\u7a81\u8972\u4e2d\u9003\u904e\u4e00\u52ab\u53ea\u662f\u300c\u7de9\u5211\u300d\u3002\u5a1c\u5854\u8389\u5a6d\u5beb\u9053\uff1a\u300c\u4f4f\u8655\u518d\u6b21\u906d\u5230\u5165\u4fb5\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u70ba\u6b64\u505a\u7684\u9632\u5099\uff0c\u6c96\u6de1\u4e86\u6211\u5011\u5c0d\u6551\u8d16\u7684\u559c\u6085\u4e4b\u60c5\u3002\u300d\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u7684\u4f4f\u6240\u52a0\u5f37\u4f4f\u5b85\u9632\u79a6\uff0c\u4e5f\u63a1\u53d6\u4e86\u5168\u65b0\u7684\u9810\u9632\u63aa\u65bd\u3002\u4e0d\u5e78\u7684\u60b2\u5287\u662f\uff0c\u5118\u7ba1\u61f7\u7591\u5bb6\u5ead\u4e2d\u6709\u5e7e\u4f4d\u6210\u54e1\u5c0d\u6b64\u4eba\u7684\u5947\u602a\u6027\u683c\u8d77\u7591\uff0c\u4f46\u6700\u5f8c\u4ecd\u672a\u5fb9\u5e95\u8a8d\u51fa\u4f86\u9019\u500b\u6700\u7d42\u88ab\u8b49\u5be6\u662f\u523a\u5ba2\u7684\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u6297\u62d2\u4ed6\u7684\u4fdd\u5b89\u66ff\u4ed6\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u984d\u5916\u5b89\u4fdd\u63aa\u65bd\uff1a\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8b93\u4fdd\u9463\u96a8\u6642\u8ddf\u5728\u4ed6\u65c1\u908a\u3002\u5a1c\u5854\u8389\u5a6d\u5beb\u9053\uff1a\u300c\u600e\u9ebc\u53ef\u80fd\u5c07\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u5b8c\u5b8c\u5168\u5168\u8f49\u8b8a\u70ba\u81ea\u6211\u9632\u885b\u22ef\u22ef\u5728\u9019\u7a2e\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u751f\u547d\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u5b83\u61c9\u6709\u7684\u50f9\u503c\u3002\u300d\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u9451\u65bc\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u81f3\u95dc\u91cd\u8981\u3001\u4e0d\u53ef\u6216\u7f3a\u7684\u6027\u8cea\u2014\u2014\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ed6\u751f\u547d\u4e2d\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u7684\u6697\u6bba\u884c\u52d5\uff0c\u6beb\u7121\u7591\u554f\uff0c\u5b89\u5168\u65b9\u9762\u5b58\u5728\u56b4\u91cd\u7f3a\u9677\uff0c\u61c9\u7576\u63a1\u53d6\u66f4\u52a0\u56b4\u5bc6\u7684\u61c9\u8b8a\u63aa\u65bd\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6bd4\u5982\u8aaa\uff0c\u5728\u5176\u4fdd\u9463\u54c8\u7279\u88ab\u7d81\u67b6\u7684\u4e0d\u4e45\u524d\uff0c\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u4ed6\u5141\u8a31\u52a0\u56fa\u623f\u5c4b\u7684\u5de5\u4eba\u81ea\u7531\u9032\u51fa\u5ead\u9662\u3002\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u62b1\u6028\u8aaa\u9019\u5f88\u7c97\u5fc3\uff0c\u8af7\u523a\u5730\u662f\uff0c\u9019\u9084\u53ea\u662f\u54c8\u7279\u88ab\u5bb3\u4e00\u9031\u524d\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002\u300c\u4f60\u53ef\u8b49\u660e\u4e86\u4f60\u662f\u7c97\u5fc3\u5927\u610f\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4f4d\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\u3002\u300d\uff08\u7d0d\u5854\u8389\u5a6d\uff0c\u300a\u7236\u5b50\u300b\uff09<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u897f\u57fa\u7f85\u65af\u7a81\u8972\u5e7e\u5929\u5f8c\uff0c\u9ea5\u5361\u5fb7\u9996\u6b21\u9047\u5230\u4e86\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\uff0c\u4f46\u5df2\u70ba\u4ed6\u7684\u6697\u6bba\u884c\u52d5\u6e96\u5099\u5df2\u7d93\u5f88\u9577\u6642\u9593\u4e86\u3002\u901a\u904e\u8332\u535a\u7f85\u592b\u65af\u57fa\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u6ef2\u900f\u5230\u7f8e\u570b\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u652f\u6301\u8005\u9593\u7684\u683c\u5225\u70cf\u7279\u5de5\uff0c\u9ea5\u5361\u5fb7\u5728\u6cd5\u570b\u88ab\u5f15\u4ecb\u8a8d\u8b58\u5e74\u8f15\u7684\u7f8e\u570b\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u897f\u723e\u7dad\u5a6d\u00b7\u963f\u683c\u6d1b\u592b \uff08Sylvia Agaloff\uff09\uff0c\u9019\u4f4d\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u96a8\u5f8c\u5230\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u7684\u79d1\u7d04\u963f\u574e\uff08Coyoacan\uff09\u70ba\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u683c\u5225\u70cf\u7279\u5de5\u6210\u529f\u5730\u8a98\u60d1\u5979\uff0c\u4e26\u4f7f\u5979\u6210\u70ba\u9ea5\u5361\u5fb7\u7f6a\u884c\u88e1\u7684\u96b1\u6027\u5e6b\u5147\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9ea5\u5361\u5fb7\u7684\u300c\u7cbe\u5fc3\u63a9\u98fe\u300d\u5118\u7ba1\u5f15\u4f86\u4e86\u8a31\u591a\u61f7\u7591\uff0c\u4e0d\u5e78\u5730\u662f\u4ed6\u6700\u5f8c\u4f9d\u820a\u9054\u5230\u76ee\u7684\u3002\u9ea5\u5361\u5fb7\u52a0\u5165\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u5171\u7522\u9ee8\uff0c\u4e26\u57281933-36\u5e74\u6210\u70ba\u6d3b\u8e8d\u57fa\u5c64\u9ee8\u54e1\uff0c\u7576\u6642\u8a72\u9ee8\u65e9\u5df2\u53f2\u592a\u6797\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5316\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u6bcd\u89aa\u5361\u91cc\u9054\u00b7\u9ea5\u5361\u5fb7\uff08Caridad Mercader\uff09\u65e9\u5df2\u662f\u683c\u5225\u70cf\u7279\u5de5\u4e26\u8207\u611b\u5ef7\u8ca2\u6709\u6240\u806f\u7e6b\uff0c\u9ea5\u5361\u5fb7\u672c\u4eba\u5927\u6982\u662f\u901a\u904e\u6bcd\u89aa\u800c\u4e5f\u9032\u5165\u4e86\u683c\u5225\u70cf\u5e95\u4e0b\u3002\u53f2\u592a\u6797\u5c0d\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u9769\u547d\u7684\u7834\u58de\u4e0b\uff0c\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u5171\u548c\u570b\u6230\u6557\u5f8c\u9ea5\u5361\u5fb7\u4fbf\u524d\u5f80\u83ab\u65af\u79d1\uff0c\u5728\u90a3\u88e1\u4ed6\u70ba\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u672a\u4f86\u89d2\u8272\u4f5c\u6e96\u5099\u30021938\u5e74\u5728\u5df4\u9ece\u8207\u897f\u723e\u7dad\u5a6d\uff0e\u963f\u683c\u6d1b\u592b\u6703\u9762\u5f8c\uff0c\u4ed6\u96a8\u5f8c\u65bc1\u6708\u966a\u540c\u5979\u524d\u5f80\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\uff0c\u4e26\u9010\u6f38\u8207\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u7684\u5bb6\u4eba\u8a0e\u597d\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u7372\u5f97\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u4e00\u5bb6\u7684\u63a5\u7d0d\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u9ea5\u5361\u5fb7\u4ee5\u8a0e\u8ad6\u4ed6\u5beb\u7684\u4e00\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u70ba\u85c9\u53e3\u5b89\u6392\u89aa\u81ea\u8207\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u6703\u9762\u3002\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u8a8d\u70ba\u9019\u662f\u4e00\u6bb5\u4ee4\u4eba\u5c37\u5c2c\u5230\u8fd1\u4e4e\u7121\u804a\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u8208\u8da3\u7f3a\u7f3a\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u6703\u8b70\u986f\u7136\u662f\u4e00\u6b21\u6697\u6bba\u7684\u300c\u5f69\u6392\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4ed6\u4e0b\u6b21\u4f86\u662f8\u670820\u65e5\u4e0a\u5348\u3002\u5118\u7ba1\u7d0d\u5854\u8389\u5a6d\u548c\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u7684\u4fdd\u9463\u611f\u5230\u4e0d\u5b89\uff0c\u4f46\u9ea5\u5361\u5fb7\u53c8\u88ab\u5141\u8a31\u55ae\u7368\u8a2a\u8996\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u3002\u300c\u904e\u4e86\u4e09\u5230\u56db\u5206\u9418\uff0c\u300d\u7d0d\u5854\u5229\u5a6d\u8aaa\uff1a\u300c\u6211\u5728\u9694\u58c1\u7684\u623f\u9593\u88e1\uff0c\u807d\u898b\u53ef\u6015\u7684\u523a\u8033\u53eb\u8072\u2026\u2026\u5217\u592b\u00b7\u9054\u7dad\u591a\u7dad\u5947\uff08Lev Davidovich\uff0c\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u672c\u540d\uff09\u51fa\u73fe\uff0c\u9760\u5728\u9580\u6846\u4e0a\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u81c9\u4e0a\u6cbe\u6eff\u4e86\u9bae\u8840\uff0c\u85cd\u8272\u7684\u773c\u775b\u9583\u9583\u767c\u4eae\uff0c\u6c92\u6234\u773c\u93e1\uff0c\u80f3\u818a\u5f4e\u66f2\u5730\u5782\u5728\u4e86\u8eab\u65c1\u2026\u300d\u9ea5\u5361\u5fb7\u7528\u85cf\u5728\u4ed6\u96e8\u8863\u88e1\u7684\u77ed\u51b0\u93ac\u4e88\u4ee5\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u5f8c\u8166\u5287\u70c8\u7684\u64ca\u6253\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u64ca\u6253\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u7acb\u5373\u81f4\u547d\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u9ea5\u5361\u5fb7\u672c\u4eba\u6240\u8aaa\u7684\u90a3\u6a23\uff0c\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u300c\u5c16\u53eb\u4e86\u5f88\u9577\u6642\u9593\u300d\u3002\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u52c7\u6562\u5730\u8207\u523a\u5ba2\u640f\u9b25\uff0c\u64cb\u4e0b\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u653b\u64ca\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7d0d\u5854\u8389\u5a6d\u8aaa\uff1a\u300c\u91ab\u751f\u8aaa\u50b7\u52e2\u4e0d\u662f\u5f88\u56b4\u91cd\u3002\u300d<\/p>\n<p>\u5217\u592b\u00b7\u9054\u7dad\u591a\u7dad\u5947\u8868\u60c5\u6beb\u7121\u6ce2\u703e\u5730\u807d\u8457\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u5728\u807d\u4fd7\u5957\u7684\u5b89\u6170\u4e00\u6a23\u3002\u4ed6\u6307\u5411\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5fc3\u81df\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u7528\u82f1\u8a9e\u5c0d\u6f22\u68ee\u8aaa\uff1a\u300c\u6211\u89ba\u5f97\u2026\u9019\u88e1\u2026\u5230\u6b64\u7d50\u675f\u2026\u9019\u6b21\u4ed6\u5011\u6210\u529f\u4e86\u3002\u300d\uff08\u300a\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u7684\u751f\u8207\u6b7b\u300b\uff0c\u7b2c268\u9801\uff09<\/p>\n<p>\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u88ab\u9001\u5f80\u91ab\u9662\u9032\u884c\u624b\u8853\uff0c\u8853\u5f8c\u5b58\u6d3b\u8d85\u904e\u4e00\u5929\uff0c\u65bc1940\u5e748\u670821\u65e5\u53bb\u4e16\uff0c\u4eab\u5e7460\u6b72\u3002\u9ea5\u5361\u5fb7\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5e0c\u671b\uff0c\u5728\u897f\u57fa\u7f85\u65af\u53d7\u5230\u5bec\u5bb9\u8655\u7f6e\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u88ab\u5224\u8f15\u5211\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u88ab\u5224\u865520\u5e74\u6709\u671f\u5f92\u5211\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u901a\u904e\u6307\u7d0b\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u8b49\u64da\u90fd\u5df2\u7d93\u78ba\u5b9a\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\uff0c\u4ed6\u4ecd\u7136\u62d2\u7d55\u4f9b\u51fa\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u8ab0\u6216\u8ab0\u547d\u4ee4\u4ed6\u8b00\u6bba\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5118\u7ba1\u7f6a\u5211\u5e7e\u4e4e\u666e\u904d\u6b78\u548e\u65bc\u53f2\u592a\u6797\u548c\u683c\u5225\u70cf\uff0c\u4f46\u53f2\u592a\u6797\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u660e\u76ee\u5f35\u81bd\u5730\u5426\u8a8d\u6240\u6709\u8cac\u4efb\u3002\u6709\u5145\u5206\u7684\u8b49\u64da\u8868\u660e\u9ea5\u5361\u5fb7\u7684\u6bcd\u89aa\u8207\u611b\u5ef7\u8ca2\u5f9e\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u9003\u4ea1\uff0c\u5979\u88ab\u5e36\u5230\u53f2\u592a\u6797\u8eab\u908a\uff0c\u4e26\u70ba\u5979\u7684\u5152\u5b50\u548c\u5979\u81ea\u5df1\u8d0f\u5f97\u4e86\u5f88\u9ad8\u7684\u5b98\u50da\u69ae\u8b7d\u3002\u670d\u5211\u671f\u6eff\u5f8c\uff0c\u9ea5\u5361\u5fb7\u672c\u4eba\u5f88\u69ae\u5e78\u56de\u5230\u6771\u6b50\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u4ed6\u9078\u64c7\u4fdd\u6301\u7dd8\u9ed8\uff0c\u4f46\u73fe\u5728\u4ecd\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f9e\u5728\u7f8e\u570b\u53d7\u5be9\u7684\u4fc4\u7f85\u65af\u9593\u8adc\u7684\u8a73\u76e1\u8b49\u8a5e\uff0c\u9084\u6709\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u6642\u9593\u53db\u9003\u5230\u897f\u65b9\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u9ad8\u7d1a\u683c\u5225\u70cf\u7279\u5de5\u4ee5\u53ca\u53f2\u592a\u6797\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u9072\u4f86\u7684\u56de\u61b6\u9304\u4e2d\u7372\u5f97\u7684\u4e00\u9023\u4e32\u8b49\u64da\uff0c\u90fd\u986f\u793a\u9ea5\u5361\u5fb7\u8207\u53f2\u592a\u6797\u4f4d\u5728\u83ab\u65af\u79d1\u7684\u79d8\u5bc6\u6050\u6016\u6a5f\u5668\u6709\u6240\u9023\u7d50\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6700\u5f8c\uff0c\u53f2\u592a\u6797\u6210\u529f\u5730\u8b00\u6bba\u4e86\u8207\u5217\u5be7\u9f4a\u540d\u7684\u7121\u53ef\u722d\u8b70\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u4e0a\u6700\u5049\u5927\u7684\u9769\u547d\u9818\u8896\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u7d0d\u5854\u8389\u5a6d\u00b7\u8b1d\u591a\u5a03\u96a8\u5f8c\u5beb\u9053\uff1a\u300c\u884c\u5147\u8005\u5c07\u5f97\u5230\u5831\u61c9\u3002\u5217\u592b\u00b7\u9054\u7dad\u591a\u7dad\u5947\u5728\u4ed6\u6574\u500b\u82f1\u52c7\u3001\u7cbe\u5f69\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\uff0c\u90fd\u76f8\u4fe1\u4eba\u985e\u5728\u672a\u4f86\u5c07\u6703\u5f97\u5230\u89e3\u653e\u3002\u5728\u4ed6\u751f\u547d\u7684\u6700\u5f8c\u5e7e\u5e74\u88e1\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\u4e26\u672a\u52d5\u6416\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5b83\u8b8a\u5f97\u6bd4\u4ee5\u5f80\u4efb\u4f55\u6642\u5019\u90fd\u66f4\u52a0\u6210\u719f\u3001\u66f4\u52a0\u5805\u5b9a\u3002\u5f9e\u4e00\u5207\u58d3\u8feb\u4e2d\u89e3\u653e\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u672a\u4f86\u4eba\u985e\u5c07\u6230\u52dd\u5404\u7a2e\u8105\u8feb\u2026\u2026\u300d\uff08\u300a\u4e8b\u60c5\u5982\u4f55\u767c\u751f\u300bHow It Happened\uff0c1940\u5e7411\u6708\uff09<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u89d2\u8272<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u300c\u7528\u9769\u547d\u6027\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u70ba\u65b0\u4e00\u4ee3\u6b66\u88dd\u2026\u2026<\/strong><strong>\u300d<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u5617\u8a66\u5c07\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u63cf\u7e6a\u6210\u300c\u60b2\u6158\u300d\u4eba\u7269\uff0c\u6697\u793a\u4ed6\u5c0d\u8cc7\u672c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u793e\u6703\u4e3b\u7fa9\u9769\u547d\u548c\u8607\u806f\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u9769\u547d\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\u662f\u300c\u9ad8\u5c1a\u300d\u2026\u2026\u4f46\u537b\u662f\u7121\u53ef\u6551\u85e5\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u4e3b\u7fa9\u3002\u9019\u662f\u827e\u85a9\u514b\u00b7\u591a\u4f0a\u5fb9\uff08Isaac Deutscher\uff09\u5728\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u50b3\u8a18\u300a\u6d41\u4ea1\u7684\u5148\u77e5\u300b\u7b2c\u4e09\u5377\u4e2d\u6240\u96b1\u542b\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4ed6\u5426\u5b9a\u4e86\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u70ba\u91cd\u65b0\u7d44\u7e54\u548c\u6b66\u88dd\u65b0\u7684\u570b\u969b\u99ac\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u7fa9\u9818\u5c0e\u4eba\u6240\u505a\u7684\u52aa\u529b\uff0c\u99c1\u65a5\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u9811\u5f37\u800c\u8271\u82e6\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e26\u8996\u4e4b\u70ba\u5f92\u52de\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u672c\u6700\u65b0\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u50b3\u8a18\u7684\u4f5c\u8005\u7f85\u7d0d\u5fb7\uff0e\u897f\u683c\u723e\uff08Ronald 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