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Kennedy\uff09\u5ba3\u4f48\u4ed6\u5c07\u53c3\u52a01968\u5e74\u7e3d\u7d71\u7af6\u9078\uff0c\u4f46\u5f8c\u4f86\u4ed6\u906d\u5230\u4e86\u8207\u99ac\u4e01-\u8def\u5fb7-\u91d1\u540c\u6a23\u7684\u547d\u904b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u7576\u5e748\u6708\u64c1\u6709\u7279\u6b0a\u7684\u8607\u806f\u5b98\u50da\u7cbe\u82f1\u8abf\u52d5\u4e8620\u842c\u83ef\u6c99\u689d\u7d04\u7684\u8ecd\u968a\u93ae\u58d3\u4e86\u300c\u5e03\u62c9\u683c\u4e4b\u6625\u300d\u3002\u5e7e\u5929\u5f8c\u7f8e\u570b\u5b78\u751f\u5011\u88ab\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\u5e02\u9577\u6234\u840a\uff08Daley\uff09\u7684\u300c\u6c11\u4e3b\u300d\u653f\u7b56\u6240\u93ae\u58d3\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u54ed\u558a\u9053\uff1a\u300c\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u6b63\u770b\u8457\u300d\u3002\u5c0d\u9019\u9769\u547d\u4e4b\u5e74\u6709\u5f37\u70c8\u8af7\u523a\u5730\u662f\u5c3c\u514b\u677e\u6191\u501f\u5176\u865b\u507d\u7684\u63d0\u51fa\u300c\u5149\u69ae\u800c\u548c\u5e73\u300d\u7684\u653f\u7b56\uff08peace with honour\uff09\u7d50\u675f\u8d8a\u6230\u7684\u7af6\u9078\u53e3\u865f\u800c\u7576\u9078\u7e3d\u7d71\u30021968\u5e74\u7684\u82f1\u570b\u7fa4\u773e\u91dd\u5c0d\u53f3\u7ffc\u7684\u54c8\u7f85\u5fb7\u5a01\u723e\u905c\u5de5\u9ee8\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u5167\u5916\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u53cd\u5c0d\u4e5f\u5728\u4e0d\u65b7\u589e\u9577\uff1b\u5982\u5728\u8d8a\u5357\u554f\u984c\u4e0a\uff0c\u57283\u6708\u548c10\u6708\u6578\u842c\u7684\u82f1\u570b\u6c11\u773e\u5728\u683c\u7f85\u592b\u7d0d\u5ee3\u5834\uff08Grosvenor 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Fukiyama\uff09\u4f46\u5927\u591a\u6578\u9019\u4e9b\u77e5\u8b58\u5206\u5b50\u90fd\u9ed8\u8a31\u968e\u7d1a\u9b25\u722d\u5df2\u7d93\u6b7b\u53bb\u7684\u9019\u4e00\u60f3\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u5728\u6b63\u5982\u6211\u5011\u65e5\u5e38\u6240\u89c0\u5bdf\u5230\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u8cc7\u672c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u300c\u91d1\u878d\u9ad4\u5236\u300d\u65e5\u76ca\u8870\u9000\u7684\u4eca\u5929\uff0c\u5982\u300a\u502b\u6566\u66f8\u8a55\u300b\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u671f\u520a\u9084\u4e0d\u65b7\u5728\u6587\u7ae0\u63d0\u53ca\u300c\u5f8c\u610f\u8b58\u5f62\u614b\u6642\u4ee3\u300d\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e00\u500b\u96b1\u853d\u7684\u8f15\u8996\u793e\u6703\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\u3002Alain Badiou\u5728\u300a\u65b0\u5de6\u6d3e\u8a55\u8ad6\u300b\uff08New Left Review\uff09\u4e2d\u63d0\u52301968\u5e74\u907a\u7522\u6642\u7adf\u4ee4\u4eba\u96e3\u4ee5\u7f6e\u4fe1\u7684\u5beb\u9053\uff1a\u300c\u99ac\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u7fa9\uff0c\u5de5\u4eba\u904b\u52d5\uff0c\u5927\u773e\u6c11\u4e3b\uff0c\u5217\u5be7\u4e3b\u7fa9\uff0c\u7121\u7522\u968e\u7d1a\u653f\u9ee8\uff0c\u793e\u6703\u4e3b\u7fa9\u570b\u5bb6\u2014\u2014\u6240\u6709\u9019\u4e9b20\u4e16\u7d00\u7684\u767c\u660e\u6982\u5ff5\u2014\u5df2\u7d93\u4e0d\u518d\u6709\u771f\u6b63\u5c0d\u6211\u5011\u6709\u4f5c\u7528\u4e86\u3002\u300d\uff08\u300a\u65b0\u5de6\u6d3e\u8a55\u8ad6\u300b2008\u5e741-2\u6708\uff0c\u300a\u5171\u7522\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5047\u8aaa\u300b\u300cThe Communist Hypothesis\u300d\uff09\u7136\u800c\u5982\u679c\u8981\u5f9e1968\u5e74\u4e2d\u5f97\u5230\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7d50\u8ad6\u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u5176\u7531\u65bc\u7f3a\u4e4f\u4e00\u500b\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u7fa4\u773e\u6027\u300c\u7121\u7522\u968e\u7d1a\u653f\u9ee8\u300d\u800c\u4f7f\u6cd5\u570b\u8cc7\u7522\u968e\u7d1a\u7834\u58de\u4e86\u9769\u547d\u3002\u6b64\u5916\u73fe\u5728\u4e0d\u5efa\u7acb\u9019\u6a23\u4e00\u652f\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u672a\u4f86\u4e5f\u5c07\u6703\u55aa\u5931\u6709\u5229\u7684\u6a5f\u6703\u3002\u6beb\u7121\u7591\u554f\u5f9e\u4e0b\u800c\u4e0a\u7684\u7fa4\u773e\u6027\u5de5\u4eba\u968e\u7d1a\u7684\u5f37\u70c8\u7684\u7206\u767c\u2014\u53ef\u80fd\u4f5c\u70ba\u81ea20\u4e16\u7d0030\u5e74\u4ee3\u7d93\u6fdf\u5927\u856d\u689d\u4ee5\u4f86\u6700\u56b4\u91cd\u7d93\u6fdf\u8870\u9000\u7684\u7d50\u679c\u2014\u2014\u5c07\u8feb\u4f7f\u77e5\u8b58\u5206\u5b50\u968e\u5c64\u6b63\u5982\u4ed6\u5011\u5728\u904e\u53bb\u6240\u505a\u7684\u53bb\u9069\u61c9\u6539\u8b8a\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u4e2d\u7684\u8a31\u591a\u4eba\u5c07\u62cb\u68c4\u73fe\u6709\u7684\u7acb\u5834\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u793e\u6703\u4e3b\u7fa9\u9769\u547d\u4e2d\u4e00\u500b\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7d44\u6210\u90e8\u5206\u662f\u5f9e\u601d\u60f3\u4e0a\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0a\u548c\u7d44\u7e54\u4e0a\u9032\u884c\u6e96\u5099\u3002\u5927\u591a\u6578\u53c3\u8207\u4e861968\u5e74\u90a3\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u5b78\u751f\u548c\u77e5\u8b58\u5206\u5b50\u662f\u6301\u6709\u6cdb\u793e\u6703\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u4eba\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u99ac\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u6216\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u3002\u9019\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u5de5\u5ee0\u548c\u5de5\u4f5c\u5834\u6240\u81ea\u4e0b\u800c\u4e0a\u7684\u4e0d\u6eff\u800c\u5e36\u4f86\u7684\u53cd\u97ff\u4ee5\u53ca\u81f3\u5c11\u5f9e\u7d93\u6fdf\u89d2\u5ea6\u4f86\u770b\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u300c\u793e\u6703\u4e3b\u7fa9\u300d\u6a21\u5f0f\uff1a\u6771\u6b50\u548c\u524d\u8607\u806f\u7684\u8a08\u5283\u7d93\u6fdf\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u53d7\u5230\u5b98\u50da\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5316\u548c\u4e00\u9ee8\u6975\u6b0a\u6240\u6557\u58de\u3002\u7136\u800c\u5927\u591a\u6578\u7d44\u7e54\u7684\u76db\u884c\u89c0\u9ede\u662f\u57fa\u65bc\u5176\u672c\u8eab\u4f9d\u9760\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\u5206\u5b50\u968e\u5c64\uff0c\u800c\u4e26\u975e\u57fa\u65bc\u5de5\u4eba\u968e\u7d1a\u6216\u8005\u5bc4\u5e0c\u671b\u65bc\u4f8b\u59821968\u5e745-6\u6708\u4e8b\u4ef6\u767c\u751f\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u5728\u6cd5\u570b\u7206\u767c\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u4ed6\u5011\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u55ae\u7368\u767c\u751f\u7684\u3002\u57281967\u5e74\u65b0\u5e74\u524d\u591c\uff0c78\u6b72\u7684\u6cd5\u570b\u7e3d\u7d71\u6234\u9ad8\u6a02\u8aaa\u9053\uff1a\u300c\u6211\u8fce\u63a5\u300e\u5be7\u975c\u300f1968\u5e74\u300d\uff0c\u70ba\u53cd\u6620\u6cd5\u570b\u8cc7\u7522\u968e\u7d1a\u7684\u4fe1\u5fc3\uff0c\u4ed6\u7e7c\u7e8c\u8aaa\u9053\uff1a\u300c\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u4eca\u65e5\u6cd5\u570b\u518d\u770b\u5230\u904e\u53bb\u767c\u751f\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u9020\u6210\u7671\u7613\u7684\u5371\u6a5f\u300dSean O\u300fHagan\u5728\u300a\u89c0\u5bdf\u5bb6\u5831\u300b\uff08the Observer\uff09\u4e2d\u8a55\u8ad6\u9053\uff1a\u300c6\u500b\u6708\u5f8c\u6234\u9ad8\u6a02\u537b\u5728\u70ba\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u751f\u547d\u800c\u6399\u624e\u3002\u6cd5\u570b\u9996\u90fd\u7531\u65bc\u7d93\u904e\u6578\u5468\u5b78\u751f\u66b4\u52d5\u4ee5\u53ca\u96a8\u5f8c\u7684\u7a81\u7136\u6027\u7e3d\u7f77\u5de5\u800c\u9677\u5165\u7671\u7613\u3002\u5728\u4e94\u6708\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u661f\u671f\u6cd5\u570b\u7531\u300e\u5be7\u975c\u300f\u4e4b\u65c5\u8f49\u5411\u63a5\u8fd1\u9769\u547d\uff0c\u9019\u662f1968\u5e74\u7684\u95dc\u9375\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u7576\u7fa4\u773e\u6297\u8b70\u904b\u52d5\u5728\u5168\u7403\u7206\u767c\uff0c\u5f9e\u5df4\u9ece\u5230\u5e03\u62c9\u683c\uff0c\u5f9e\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u57ce\u5230\u99ac\u5fb7\u91cc\uff0c\u5f9e\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\u5230\u502b\u6566\u300d\u3002\uff082008\u5e741\u670820\u65e5\u300a\u89c0\u5bdf\u5bb6\u5831\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u90fd\u4f86\u5230\u8def\u969c\u300b\u300cEveryone to the barricades\u300d\uff09<\/p>\n<p>\u4f46\u662f\u9019\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u5076\u7136\u5728\u6cd5\u570b\u7206\u767c\u7684\u9769\u547d\uff0c\u9130\u8fd1\u7684\u570b\u5bb6\u5982\u5fb7\u570b\u537b\u6c92\u6709\u767c\u751f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u95dc\u65bc\u5b78\u751f\u662f\u300c\u5c0e\u706b\u7d22\u300d\u7684\u6642\u9ae6\u7406\u8ad6\u2014\u2014\u5176\u8a8d\u70ba\u90a3\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u70ba\u4e86\u9ede\u71c3\u5de5\u4eba\u968e\u7d1a\u9769\u547d\u800c\u8207\u8cc7\u7522\u968e\u7d1a\u570b\u5bb6\u6709\u610f\u8b58\u5c0d\u6297\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u2014\u2014\u662f\u6b63\u78ba\u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u9769\u547d\u61c9\u8a72\u9996\u5148\u767c\u751f\u5728\u5fb7\u570b\u3002\u5728\u90a3\u88e1\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u8207\u6cd5\u570b\u540c\u6a23\u898f\u6a21\u751a\u81f3\u66f4\u6fc0\u70c8\u7684\u5b78\u751f\u904b\u52d5\uff0c\u57281967\u5e74\u5fb7\u570b\u6297\u8b70\u5b78\u751f\u672c\u8afe\u6602\u5c3c\u7d22\u683c\uff08Benno Ohnesorg\uff09\u88ab\u8b66\u5bdf\u64ca\u6583\u5c0e\u81f4\u4e86\u5927\u7bc4\u570d\u7684\u5b78\u751f\u9769\u547d\u4e26\u4f7f\u5fb7\u570b\u793e\u6703\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5b78\u751f\u806f\u76df(SDS)\u5d1b\u8d77\u3002\u4e00\u540d\u5fb7\u570b\u793e\u6703\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5b78\u751f\u806f\u76df\u9818\u5c0e\u4eba\u9b6f\u8fea\u675c\u5947\u514b\uff08Rudi Dutschke\uff09\u4e5f\u57281968\u5e744\u6708\u88ab\u5b50\u5f48\u64ca\u4e2d\u982d\u90e8\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u4e86\u5176\u6c38\u4e45\u6027\u7121\u6cd5\u6cbb\u7652\u7684\u5275\u50b7\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u540c\u6a23\u7684\u6709\u5a01\u8105\u6027\u7684\u904b\u52d5\u4e5f\u5728\u6cd5\u570b\u767c\u5c55\u3002\u7136\u800c\u6f5b\u5728\u7684\u793e\u6703\u689d\u4ef6\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u5728\u6574\u500b\u6234\u9ad8\u6a02\u534a\u7368\u88c1\u7684\u7b2c\u4e94\u5171\u548c\u570b\u524d\u671f\u5de5\u4eba\u968e\u7d1a\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u96e3\u4ee5\u5fcd\u53d7\u7684\u7dca\u5f35\u3002\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u5927\u578b\u5de5\u5ee0\u751a\u81f3\u6709\u6b66\u88dd\u8b66\u885b\u4f5c\u70ba\u606b\u5687\u5de5\u4eba\u968e\u7d1a\u7684\u624b\u6bb5\u3002\u6cd5\u570b\u5982\u540c\u6c99\u7687\u60c5\u5831\u6a5f\u69cb\u65bc1917\u5e74\u9769\u547d\u524d\u6240\u505a\u7684\u8a55\u8ad6\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u300c\u4e00\u6839\u610f\u5916\u62cb\u4e0b\u7684\u706b\u67f4\u300d\u53ef\u80fd\u5f15\u767c\u7206\u70b8\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9019\u500b\u8981\u7d20\u7531\u65bc\u6b98\u9177\u7684\u93ae\u58d3\u548c\u6bc6\u6253\u5b78\u751f\u800c\u5f15\u767c\uff0c\u9019\u4f7f\u4e0a\u767e\u842c\u5de5\u4eba\u8209\u884c\u4e86\u7e3d\u7f77\u5de5\u2014\u2014\u90a3\u662f\u52c9\u5f37\u88ab\u5de5\u6703\u9818\u5c0e\u4eba\u6240\u865f\u53ec\u7684\u2014\u9019\u9032\u800c\u5c0e\u81f4\u5de5\u4eba\u56de\u53bb\u4f54\u9818\u5de5\u5ee0\u4ee5\u78ba\u4fdd\u9769\u547d\u3002\u5728\u90a3\u6642\u5de5\u4eba\u662f\u9769\u547d\u7684\u5148\u92d2\u968a\u662f\u6cd5\u570b\u7684\u7279\u9ede\u3002\u56e0\u70ba\u689d\u4ef6\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u5fb7\u570b\uff0c\u82f1\u570b\u751a\u81f3\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u610f\u7fa9\u4e0a\u8b1b\u767c\u5c55\u7a0b\u5ea6\u9ad8\u65bc\u6cd5\u570b\u7684\u610f\u5927\u5229\u2014\u2014\u5728\u90a3\u6642\uff0c\u5b78\u751f\u9769\u547d\u7684\u300c\u661f\u661f\u4e4b\u706b\u300d\u5c1a\u4e0d\u80fd\u4fc3\u4f7f\u5982\u767c\u751f\u548c\u6cd5\u570b\u4e00\u6a23\u7684\u53cd\u61c9\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f46\u662f\u5982\u679c\u6cd5\u570b\u6210\u529f\u4e86\u2014\u2014\u5176\u662f\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u6b63\u5982\u5728Clare Doyle\u7684\u6709\u5de8\u5927\u555f\u767c\u6027\u7684\u300a1968\u5e74\u6cd5\u570b\u7684\u9769\u547d\u4e4b\u6708\uff08France 1968 \u2013 Month of Revolution\uff09\u300b\u4e00\u66f8\u4e2d\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u2014\u2014\u90a3\u9ebc\u67cf\u6797\uff0c\u7c73\u862d\u548c\u90fd\u9748\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u502b\u6566\u90fd\u5c07\u52a0\u5165\u5230\u9019\u5834\u904b\u52d5\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002\u751a\u81f3\u65bc\u300e1968\u5e74\u4ee3\u300f\u81ea\u5df1\u5982\u5854\u88e1\u514b\u963f\u91cc(Tariq Ali)\u4f4e\u4f30\u4e86\u7576\u6642\u82f1\u570b\u7684\u5c40\u52e2\uff0c\u4ed6\u8fd1\u4f86\u4e5f\u8a8d\u70ba\uff1a\u300c\u76f8\u8f03\u65bc\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u65b9\u7684\u9a37\u4e82\uff0c\u82f1\u570b\u53ea\u662f\u500b\u63d2\u66f2\u3002\u300d\uff082008\u5e743\u670822\u65e5\uff0c\u300a\u885b\u5831\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u61a4\u6012\u5c07\u5411\u4f55\u8655\u53bb\u300b\u300cWhere has all the rage gone?\u300d\uff09\u751a\u81f3\u5728Mick Jagger\u7684\u6b4c\u66f2\u300c\u8857\u4e0a\u6230\u9b25\u8457\u7684\u7537\u4eba\u300d\uff08Street Fighting Man\uff09\u4e2d\u4e5f\u547c\u61c9\u8a72\u89c0\u9ede\uff0c\u5176\u5531\u9053\uff1a\u300c\u5728\u6c89\u7761\u7684\u502b\u6566\u57ce\uff0c\u9019\u88e1\u6c92\u6709\u70ba\u8857\u982d\u6230\u9b25\u6e96\u5099\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u300d\u3002<br \/>\n<strong><br \/>\n\u52d5\u76ea\u4e2d\u7684\u82f1\u570b\u548c\u5317\u611b\u723e\u862d<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u9019\u5b8c\u5168\u662f\u4f4e\u4f30\u4e86\u82f1\u570b\u7576\u6642\u6b63\u5728\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u6f5b\u5728\u60c5\u7dd2\u3002\u5728\u82f1\u570b\u4e0d\u50c5\u50c5\u662f\u6709\u5728\u7f8e\u570b\u5927\u4f7f\u9928\u524d\u7684\u683c\u7f85\u592b\u7d0d\u5ee3\u5834\u6297\u8b70\u8d8a\u6230\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u9084\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u5176\u4e2d\u6709\u5de5\u4eba\u968e\u7d1a\u7684\u53c3\u8207\uff0c\u5927\u7d04\u670910\u842c\u4eba\u53c3\u52a0\u4e86\u683c\u7f85\u592b\u7d0d\u5ee3\u5834\u793a\u5a01\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u524d\u4e00\u5468\u8cc7\u672c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u50b3\u5a92\u7279\u5225\u662f\u300a\u6cf0\u6664\u58eb\u5831\u300b\uff08Times\uff09\uff0c\u5c31\u76f8\u4fe1\u4ed6\u5011\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5ba3\u50b3\u4e26\u7d66\u4eba\u7684\u5370\u8c61\u5c31\u662f\u82f1\u570b\u8655\u65bc\u52d5\u4e82\u524d\u5915\u3002\u5118\u7ba1\u9019\u6709\u4e9b\u8a87\u5f35\u4f46\u67d0\u7a2e\u610f\u7fa9\u4e0a\u7684\u4e0d\u5b89\u548c\u5c0d\u8cc7\u672c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u53cd\u5c0d\u4e26\u4e0d\u50c5\u50c5\u9650\u65bc\u5b78\u751f\u7576\u4e2d\u3002\u798f\u7279\u7e2b\u7d09\u5973\u5de5\u7684\u4e00\u9023\u4e32\u7f77\u5de5\u6210\u70ba\u4e86\u6b64\u5f8c\u6240\u767c\u751f\u4e8b\u60c5\u7684\u5fb5\u5146\u3002\u5728\u6211\u50111968\u5e7410\u6708\u7684\u300a\u6230\u9b25\u6d3e\u300b\u96dc\u8a8c\u4e0a\u6211\u5011\u5c31\u63d0\u5230\u4e86\u300c\u5229\u7269\u6d66\u7f77\u5de5\u6d6a\u6f6e\u300d\u3002\u572810\u6708\u7684\u5317\u611b\u723e\u862d\u7684\u5fb7\u88e1\uff08Derry\uff09\u7206\u767c\u4e86\u6c11\u6b0a\u904b\u52d5\uff0c\u9019\u662f1968\u5e74\u4e16\u754c\u9769\u547d\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u53cd\u6620\uff0c\u5176\u540c\u6642\u5f71\u97ff\u4e86\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u548c\u65b0\u6559\u9752\u5e74\uff0c\u7576\u6642\u4ed6\u5011\u8207\u5b97\u6d3e\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u7d71\u4e00\u6d3e\u767c\u751f\u4e86\u885d\u7a81\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6b64\u5916\u5728\u5de5\u9ee8\u5167\u90e8\u65e5\u76ca\u589e\u9577\u7684\u6230\u9b25\u6027\u548c\u5c0d\u99ac\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u652f\u6301\u4e5f\u53cd\u6620\u57281968\u5e74\u7684\u5de5\u9ee8\u5927\u6703\u4e0a\u3002\u7576\u5e7411\u6708\u6230\u9b25\u6d3e\u5beb\u7684\uff1a\u300c\u5e7e\u4e4e\u67093\u767e\u842c\u9078\u7968\u652f\u6301\u793e\u6703\u4e3b\u7fa9\u66ff\u4ee3\u65b9\u6848\u300d\u3002\u5728\u90a3\u6642\u5de5\u9ee8\u4ecd\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u5e95\u5c64\u70ba\u57fa\u790e\u7684\u5de5\u4eba\u653f\u9ee8\u96d6\u7136\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u89aa\u8cc7\u672c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u9818\u5c0e\u5c64\u3002\u800c\u4eca\u5929\u5728\u5e03\u840a\u723e\u548c\u5e03\u6717\u9818\u5c0e\u4e0b\u5de5\u9ee8\u5b8c\u5168\u662f\u8cc7\u672c\u5bb6\u5011\u624b\u4e2d\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u800c\u4e14\u7576\u6642\u9084\u5b58\u5728\u8457\u666e\u901a\u6210\u54e1\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6c11\u4e3b\u6b0a\u5229\uff0c\u5141\u8a31\u5730\u65b9\u653f\u9ee8\u652f\u90e8\u63d0\u51fa\u8b70\u6848\u6210\u70ba\u5b98\u65b9\u653f\u7b56\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u5728\u7531\u5229\u7269\u6d66\u5de5\u9ee8\u652f\u90e8\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u4e00\u9805\u52d5\u8b70\u4e26\u70ba\u5e03\u91cc\u65af\u6258\uff08Bristol\uff09\u6771\u5317\u5730\u5340\u652f\u90e8\u6240\u9644\u7f72\u7684\u8b70\u6848\u4e2d\u63d0\u5230\uff1a\u300c\u5c07\u4e3b\u5c0e\u7d93\u6fdf\u7684300\u5bb6\u58df\u65b7\u516c\u53f8\uff0c\u79c1\u71df\u9280\u884c\uff0c\u91d1\u878d\u516c\u53f8\u548c\u4fdd\u96aa\u516c\u53f8\u570b\u6709\u5316\uff0c\u4e26\u5236\u5b9a\u4e00\u500b\u7a4d\u6975\u7684\u570b\u5bb6\u8a08\u5283\u5be6\u884c\u793e\u6703\u4e3b\u7fa9\u751f\u7522\u3002\u300d\u57281968\u5e74\u5927\u6703\u4e0a\u6709500\u842c\u5f35\u9078\u7968\u652f\u6301\u300c\u5ee2\u9664\u53cd\u5de5\u6703\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u300d\u50f9\u683c\u548c\u6536\u5165\u653f\u7b56\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5c0d\u516c\u6709\u5236\u7684\u8b70\u6848\u7684\u6700\u7a81\u51fa\u7684\u9b25\u722d\u6848\u4f8b\u662f\u65e5\u76ca\u589e\u9577\u7684\u5c0d\u6230\u9b25\u6d3e\u7684\u652f\u6301\uff08\u572820\u4e16\u7d0080\u5e74\u4ee3\u6210\u70ba\u4e86\u5bb6\u55bb\u6236\u66c9\u7684\u540d\u5b57\uff09\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u60c5\u7dd2\u5c0e\u81f4\u4e86\u5728\u6b21\u5e74\u5de5\u9ee8\u5167\u5de5\u6703\u548c\u5de6\u7ffc\u6210\u54e1\u8207\u54c8\u7f85\u5fb7\u5a01\u723e\u905c\u5de5\u9ee8\u5167\u95a3\u7684\u81ed\u540d\u662d\u8457\u7684\u300c\u4ee3\u66ff\u885d\u7a81\u300d\u7684\u53cd\u5de5\u6703\u5efa\u8b70\u4e4b\u9593\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u5f37\u70c8\u5c0d\u6297\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\u9019\u4e9b\u88ab\u632b\u6557\u7684\u5efa\u8b70\u65bc20\u4e16\u7d0070\u5e74\u4ee3\u4f9d\u9760\u4fdd\u5b88\u9ee8\u7684\u57fa\u790e\u88ab\u611b\u5fb7\u83ef-\u5e0c\u601d\uff08Heath\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u96a8\u5f8c\u7684\u6492\u5207\u723e\u592b\u4eba\u5f15\u5165\u5be6\u65bd\u3002\u9019\u4e00\u7acb\u6cd5\u5efa\u8b70\u5305\u62ec\u300c\u5f37\u5236\u7f77\u5de5\u6295\u7968\u300d\u548c\u300c\u51b7\u537b\u671f\u300d\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u63aa\u65bd\u524a\u5f31\u5de5\u4eba\u7d44\u7e54\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u3002\u5b83\u906d\u5230\u4e86\u5de5\u4eba\u5011\u7684\u5f37\u70c8\u6297\u8b70\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u5728\u5730\u65b9\u548c\u570b\u5bb6\u7bc4\u570d\u5167\u90fd\u767c\u8d77\u4e86\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u8b66\u544a\u6027\u7f77\u5de5\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5a01\u723e\u905c\u653f\u5e9c\u6c92\u6709\u5728\u9019\u4e9b\u63aa\u65bd\u4e0a\u5f8c\u9000\u7684\u8a71\u90a3\u9ebc\u5c07\u6703\u56e0\u5167\u95a3\u7684\u516c\u958b\u5206\u88c2\u800c\u5d29\u6f70\uff0c\u5c07\u5c0e\u81f4\u5f62\u6210\u985e\u4f3c1931\u5e74\u4e00\u500b\u570b\u6c11\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u5efa\u7acb\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u53ea\u8981\u662f\u91cd\u65b0\u56de\u9867\u90a3\u6642\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5c31\u53ef\u8868\u660e\u73fe\u5728\u7684\u5de5\u9ee8\u6bd4\u90a3\u6642\u5019\u96e2\u4e86\u591a\u9060\u3002\u82f1\u570b\u7576\u6642\u6839\u672c\u7684\u5f62\u52e2\u662f\u9762\u5c0d\u4e00\u500b\u6210\u529f\u7684\u6cd5\u570b\u9769\u547d\u5c07\u5728\u6b50\u6d32\u548c\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u71c3\u8d77\u71ce\u539f\u4e4b\u706b\u3002\u82f1\u570b\u793e\u6703\u5728\u767c\u9175\uff0c\u5de5\u9ee8\u90e8\u9577\u88ab\u4eba\u5011\u5632\u8af7\u548c\u5c0b\u91c1\uff0c\u5a01\u723e\u905c\u7684\u6c7d\u8eca\u88ab\u640d\u58de\uff0c\u300c\u7531\u65bc\u6c7d\u8eca\u5f15\u64ce\u88ab\u7838\u7834\uff0c\u5176\u5ee3\u64ad\u96fb\u53f0\u548c\u7121\u7dda\u96fb\u8a71\u88ab\u5207\u65b7\u3002\u300d\uff08Harold Wilson\u7684\u300a1967-1970\u5e74\u7684\u5de5\u9ee8\u653f\u5e9c\u300b\uff0c1917\u5e74\u7248\u7b2c567\u9801\uff09\u5916\u4ea4\u5927\u81e3\u65af\u7279\u74e6\u7279\uff08Michael Stewart\uff09\u7576\u6642\u5728\u725b\u6d25\u5927\u5b78\u8b1b\u8a71\u652f\u6301\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u7acb\u5834\uff0c\u4f46\u537b\u906d\u5230\u4e86\u53cd\u5c0d\uff0c\u64da\u4ed6\u56de\u61b6\u8aaa\uff1a\u300c\u7576\u6211\u8d77\u7acb\u767c\u8a00\u6642\u4ed6\u5011\u7a81\u7136\u51fa\u73fe\u958b\u59cb\u9ad8\u558a\u300e\u80e1\uff0c\u80e1\uff0c\u80e1\u5fd7\u660e\uff01\u300f\u4e26\u4e0d\u6e96\u5099\u505c\u6b62\u3002\u4e3b\u5e2d\u5411\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u9818\u5c0e\u4eba\u5e0c\u82a9\u65af\uff08Christopher Hitchens\uff09\u767c\u51fa\u547c\u7c72\u4f46\u662f\u4ed6\u7684\u7b54\u8986\u662f\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u77e5\u9053\u6709\u4eba\u6703\u8aaa\u4ec0\u9ebc\u4e26\u77e5\u9053\u90a3\u662f\u932f\u8aa4\u7684\uff0c\u4f60\u6709\u6b0a\u4fdd\u8b77\u89c0\u773e\u4e0d\u88ab\u8aa4\u5c0e\u3002\u300d(\u65af\u5716\u74e6\u7279\uff08Michael Stewart\uff09\uff0c\u300a\u751f\u547d\u8207\u52de\u5de5\uff1a\u81ea\u50b3\u300b1980\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c155\u9801)\u3002\u540c\u6a23\u662f\u9019\u500b\u5e0c\u82a9\u65af\uff0c\u6b64\u5f8c\u6210\u70ba\u570b\u969b\u793e\u6703\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u7d44\u7e54\u6210\u54e1(\u793e\u6703\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5de5\u4eba\u9ee8SWP\u7684\u524d\u8eab)\uff0c\u800c\u5982\u4eca\u537b\u5728\u8cc7\u672c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u96dc\u8a8c\u4e0a\u5beb\u4e00\u4e9b\u65a5\u8cac\u6027\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u4f86\u634d\u885b\u5e03\u4ec0\u7684\u4f0a\u62c9\u514b\u6230\u722d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7136\u800c\u6b63\u5982\u6211\u5011\u5148\u524d\u6240\u8aaa\uff0c\u53cd\u5c0d\u8d8a\u6230\u6700\u7d42\u57281968\u5e74\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u5927\u898f\u6a21\u793a\u5a01\u3002\u6b64\u59165-6\u6708\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u7a2e\u7a2e\u5f71\u97ff\u5728\u90a3\u6642\u5de5\u9ee8\u7684\u7279\u5225\u9996\u8166\u6703\u8b70\u4e0a\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u53cd\u97ff\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u514b\u7f85\u65af\u66fc\uff08Richard Crossman\uff09\u90a3\u6642\u7ad9\u5728\u5de5\u9ee8\u5de6\u7ffc\u8aaa\u9053\uff1a\u300c\u6211\u5011\u96e3\u9053\u4e0d\u662f\u8655\u5728\u9769\u547d\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5b83\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u53ef\u80fd\u6210\u529f\u55ce? \u6211\u4e00\u76f4\u8a8d\u70ba\u9019\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u81ea1848\u5e74\u4ee5\u4f86\u975e\u5e38\u8208\u596e\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u73fe\u5728\u6211\u767c\u73fe\u6211\u5011\u6b63\u7d93\u6b77\u81ea\u5927\u6230\u4ee5\u4f86\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e00\u5e74\u3002\u7576\u6771\u897f\u65b9\u9435\u5e55\u964d\u4e0b\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u7d71\u6cbb\u7576\u5c40\u6b63\u9762\u81e8\u6311\u6230\uff0c\u800c\u5f9e\u5e95\u5c64\u767c\u5c55\u8d77\u4f86\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u5e7e\u4e4e\u4e0d\u95dc\u5fc3\u6211\u5011\u6240\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u8b70\u6703\u6c11\u4e3b\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u53cd\u5c0d\u8b70\u6703\u6c11\u4e3b\uff0c\u57281848\u5e74\u90a3\u662f\u5b8c\u7f8e\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u5982\u4eca\u9019\u8b8a\u6210\u4e86\u5be1\u982d\u7d71\u6cbb\uff1b\u8b70\u6703\u6c11\u4e3b\u9ad4\u5236\u5df2\u7d93\u6210\u70ba\u897f\u65b9\u7d71\u6cbb\u7576\u5c40\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u5171\u7522\u4e3b\u7fa9\u6210\u70ba\u6771\u65b9\u7684\u7d71\u6cbb\u7576\u5c40\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u9019\u4e00\u5e74\u7684\u8a31\u591a\u53cd\u6297\u90fd\u662f\u70ba\u4e86\u53cd\u5c0d\u7d71\u6cbb\u7576\u5c40\u3002\u5947\u602a\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u7576\u6211\u60f3\u5230\u9019\u6642\uff0c\u6211\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u6182\u9b31\u9060\u53bb\u4e86\u3002(\u300a\u4e00\u500b\u5167\u95a3\u90e8\u9577\u7684\u65e5\u8a18\u300b\uff0c1977\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e09\u537776-77\u9801)<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u610f\u5927\u5229\u7684\u65e5\u76ca\u6fc0\u9032<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u91cd\u4e2d\u4e4b\u91cd\uff0c\u60f3\u50cf\u4e00\u4e0b\u6108\u4f86\u6108\u5feb\u7684\u8108\u640f\u7684\u8df3\u52d5\uff1b\u65bc\u6539\u8b8a\u7684\u6e34\u671b\uff0c\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5e36\u4f86\u7684\u555f\u660e\u4e4b\u5149\u8de8\u8d8a\u5e74\u9752\u4eba\u8207\u5de5\u4eba\u968e\u7d1a\u5728\u9130\u8fd1\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u570b\u5bb6\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u9694\u95a1\uff0c\u4e94\u6708-\u516d\u6708\u4ef6\u6240\u767c\u751f\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5982\u96f7\u9cf4\u822c\u97ff\u5fb9\u96f2\u9704\u3002\u610f\u5927\u5229\u7684\u8457\u540d\u6b77\u53f2\u5b78\u5bb6Paul Ginsborg\u5f8c\u4f86\u5c071968\u5e74\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u8207\u88ab\u5176\u5f71\u97ff\u4e86\u7684\u7279\u5225\u662f1969\u5e74\u300c\u706b\u71b1\u4e4b\u79cb\u300d\u7684\u9769\u547d\u7206\u767c\u7d50\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u6558\u5beb\u3002\u4ed6\u5beb\u9053\uff1a\u300c\u90a3\u662f\u6700\u4e0d\u5e73\u51e1\u7684\u793e\u6703\u52d5\u76ea\u671f\uff0c\u90a3\u662f\u5171\u548c\u570b\u6b77\u53f2\u4e0a\u96c6\u9ad4\u884c\u52d5\u7684\u9ad8\u5cf0\u671f\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u671f\u9593\u610f\u5927\u5229\u793e\u6703\u7d50\u69cb\u5728\u6bcf\u4e00\u500b\u5c64\u9762\u90fd\u906d\u5230\u6311\u6230\u3002\u5728\u610f\u5927\u5229\u6c92\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u55ae\u4e00\u6642\u523b\u6bd4\u6709\u9769\u547d\u6f5b\u529b\u76841968\u5e74\u6cd5\u570b\u4e94\u6708\u98a8\u66b4\u5e36\u4f86\uff08\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\uff09\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u610f\u5927\u5229\u7684\u6297\u8b70\u904b\u52d5\u5728\u6b50\u6d32\u662f\u6700\u6df1\u523b\u548c\u9577\u4e45\u7684\u3002\u5b83\u5f9e\u5b78\u6821\u548c\u5927\u5b78\u64f4\u6563\u5230\u5de5\u5ee0\uff0c\u9032\u800c\u64f4\u5c55\u5230\u6574\u500b\u793e\u6703\u4e0a\u3002\u300d\uff08Paul Ginsborg, \u300a\u73fe\u4ee3\u610f\u5927\u5229\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u300bA History of Contemporary Italy, \u7b2c298\u9801\uff09<\/p>\n<p>\u4e00\u5de6\u7ffc\u5831\u7d19Il Manifesto\u7684\u5275\u8fa6\u7de8\u8f2f\u4e4b\u4e00\u7684Rossana Rossanda\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u4e86\u5de5\u4eba\u968e\u7d1a\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u3002\u5979\u5c0d1969\u5e746\u6708\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5beb\u9053\uff1a\u300c\u81ea\u76f8\u77db\u76fe\u7684\u662f\u610f\u5927\u52291969\u5e74\u7684\u300e\u706b\u71b1\u4e4b\u79cb\u300f\u958b\u59cb\u7684\u6a19\u8a8c\u3002\u4e0d\u540c\u65bc\u901a\u5e38\u5047\u671f\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u5728\u83f2\u4e9e\u7279\u5de5\u5ee0\u5927\u898f\u6a21\u4f54\u9818\u7684\u5e36\u982d\u4e0b\u4e00\u500b\u53c8\u4e00\u500b\u5de5\u5ee0\u88ab\u5de5\u4eba\u4f54\u9818\u3002\u7136\u800c\u610f\u5927\u5229\u5171\u7522\u9ee8\uff08PCI\uff09\u537b\u5b8c\u5168\u5c07\u76ee\u5149\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u958b\u9664\u6211\u5011\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e0a\u3002\u300e\u706b\u71b1\u4e4b\u79cb\u300f\u662f\u6230\u5f8c\u5728\u6700\u5927\u898f\u6a21\u548c\u6700\u5177\u9ad4\u7cfb\u7684\u7522\u696d\u9b25\u722d\u2014\u2014\u4e0d\u50c5\u50c5\u662f\u7f77\u5de5\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5de5\u4eba\u5c07\u7ba1\u7406\u5c64\u8d95\u8d70\u5b8c\u5168\u638c\u63e1\u548c\u63a7\u5236\u4e86\u6574\u500b\u751f\u7522\u904e\u7a0b\u3002\u9019\u4e0d\u662f\u7531\u5728\u6578\u5341\u5e74\u58d3\u8feb\u4e0b\u6709\u8c50\u5bcc\u7d93\u9a57\u7684\u5e79\u90e8\u5011\u6240\u70ba\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u90a3\u4e9b\u5f80\u5f80\u6c92\u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u8cc7\u6b77\u7684\u9752\u5e74\u5de5\u4eba\u7684\u884c\u52d5\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u4f86\u81ea\u65bc\u5176\u6210\u9577\u793e\u6703\u7684\u6df7\u4e82\u767c\u5c55\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u63a1\u7d0d\u4e86\u4e00\u5e74\u524d\u7684\u8072\u52e2\u58ef\u5927\u7684\u5b78\u751f\u6297\u8b70\u904b\u52d5\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e26\u5c07\u5b83\u9032\u884c\u6539\u9020\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9019\u662f\u5426\u662f\u4e00\u5834\u9769\u547d\uff1f\u9752\u5e74\u5de5\u4eba\u5011\u601d\u7d22\u8457\uff0c\u7576\u4ed6\u5011\u7a7f\u904e\u5927\u9580\u9032\u5165\u5de5\u5ee0\u4e26\u63a5\u7ba1\u88dd\u914d\u7dda\u6642\u5019\u3002\u6c7a\u5b9a\u50cf\u706b\u661f\u6389\u5728\u690d\u7269\u4e0a\u4e00\u6a23\u5f88\u5feb\u50b3\u64ad\u958b\u4f86\uff1a\u4ed6\u5011\u70ba\u6539\u8b8a\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u74b0\u5883\u800c\u9b25\u722d\u4f7f\u5b83\u5011\u638c\u63e1\u5728\u81ea\u5df1\u624b\u4e2d\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u64fa\u812b\u4e86\u670d\u5f9e\u7684\u820a\u7fd2\u3002\u7576\u4ed6\u5011\u5728\u96c6\u6703\u767c\u8a00\u6642\uff0c\u5de5\u6703\u9818\u5c0e\u4eba\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u8207\u6700\u4f4e\u7b49\u7d1a\u7684\u6280\u8853\u5de5\u4eba\u4e00\u6a23\u70ba\u62ff\u5230\u9ea5\u514b\u98a8\u800c\u6392\u968a\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u4e00\u5e74\u524dOdeon\u5728\u5df4\u9ece\u4e00\u6a23\u2014\u2014\u4f46\u662f\u4e26\u975e\u5982\u90a3\u6b21\u4e00\u6a23\u500b\u4eba\u5316\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u5728\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5730\u76e4\u4e0a\u8a0e\u8ad6\u4e8b\u60c5\u7684\u9032\u5c55\u3001\u4ec0\u9ebc\u4e0d\u80fd\u5e79\u4ee5\u53ca\u61c9\u8a72\u600e\u6a23\u505a\u3002\u5c0d\u906d\u5230\u6975\u5927\u6311\u6230\u7684\u8cc7\u672c\u800c\u8a00\u98a8\u96aa\u662f\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u3002\u5a92\u9ad4\u5011\u662f\u77e5\u9053\u9019\u4e00\u9ede\u7684\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u8d77\u521d\u5f88\u6b23\u559c\u5730\u770b\u5230\u610f\u5927\u5229\u5171\u7522\u9ee8\u548c\u5de5\u6703\u9003\u907f\u554f\u984c\u53ef\u5f8c\u4f86\u537b\u56e0\u6b64\u611f\u5230\u4e86\u6050\u61fc\u3002\u300d\uff08Rossana Rossanda, \u300a\u4f86\u81ea\u7c73\u862d\u7684\u540c\u5fd7\u300bThe Comrade from Milan, \u300a\u65b0\u5de6\u6d3e\u8a55\u8ad6\u300b\uff0c2008\u5e741-2\u6708\uff09<\/p>\n<p>\u9019\u4e9b\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4f7f\u610f\u5927\u5229\u7d71\u6cbb\u968e\u7d1a\u9677\u5165\u4e86\u6050\u614c\uff1a\u300c\u8a31\u591a\u5e74\u5f8c\u4e00\u500b\u7c73\u862d\u80a1\u7968\u4ea4\u6613\u5e02\u5834\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u7d93\u7d00\u4ebaAldo Ravelli\u4f9b\u6558\u7576\u6642\u7684\u6c23\u6c1b\u5fb5\u5146\uff0c\u4ed6\u6c92\u6709\u7c21\u55ae\u5730\u9677\u5165\u6050\u614c\uff1a\u300e\u6211\u544a\u8a34\u4f60\u4e00\u4e9b\u95dc\u65bc\u90a3\u6642\u6c23\u6c1b\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\uff0c\u7576\u6642\u6211\u4f30\u6e2c\u6211\u9700\u8981\u591a\u9577\u6642\u9593\u80fd\u5f9e\u6211\u5bb6\u88e1\u5f92\u6b65\u9003\u5230\u745e\u58eb\u300f\u3002\u300d\uff08 Paul Ginsborg, Italy and its Discontents, 1980-2001, \u7b2c40\u9801\uff09\u4f46\u4ed6\u5f9e\u6c92\u6709\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u53bb\u5be6\u884c\u3002\u56e0\u70ba\u610f\u5927\u5229\u5de5\u4eba\u968e\u7d1a\u7684\u7fa4\u773e\u7d44\u7e54\u9818\u5c0e\u4eba\u62ef\u6551\u4e86\u8cc7\u672c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u3002\u53ef\u4ed6\u5011\u4e5f\u56e0\u6b64\u572860\u5e74\u4ee3\u5f8c\u671f\u548c\u5e7e\u4e4e\u6574\u500b70\u5e74\u4ee3\u90fd\u906d\u5230\u610f\u5927\u5229\u7fa4\u773e\u5011\u7684\u6575\u8996\u3002<br \/>\n<strong><br \/>\n\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u7684\u6d41\u8840\u4e8b\u4ef6<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u540c\u6a23\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\u5728\u65b0\u6b96\u6c11\u4e3b\u7fa9\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u8207\u6548\u679c\u30021968\u5e746\u6708\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u8207\u6cd5\u570b\u548c\u610f\u5927\u5229\u4e26\u80a9\u6fc0\u70c8\u6230\u9b25\u8457\u3002\u5118\u7ba1\u5728\u7576\u6642\u570b\u969b\u4e0a\u5f88\u5c11\u63d0\u53ca\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u4f46\u90a3\u88e1\u662f\u6700\u8840\u8165\u7684\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u6240\u8655\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u662f\u5e7e\u5929\u524d\u8607\u806f\u5766\u514b\u525b\u5c0d\u6377\u514b\u65af\u6d1b\u4f10\u514b\u7684\u5165\u4fb5\u3002\u6b63\u5982Ed Vulliamy\u6700\u8fd1\u6240\u8aaa\u7684\uff1a\u300c\u6b77\u53f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u8a18\u8f09\u4e86\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u5967\u6797\u5339\u514b\u904b\u52d5\u6703\u4e0a\u7f8e\u570b\u9ed1\u4eba\u91d1\u724c\u7372\u5f97\u8005\u9ad8\u8209\u9ed1\u624b\u5957\uff0c\u537b\u5f88\u5c11\u63d0\u53ca\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u8ecd\u968a\u7684\u5967\u6797\u5339\u4e9e\u65c5\u7684\u767d\u624b\u5957\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ed6\u5011\u8eab\u5f8c\u7684\u5766\u514b\u548c\u9ad8\u98db\u7684\u76f4\u5347\u98db\u6a5f\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u65bc\u904b\u52d5\u6703\u524d\u4e00\u5468\u768410\u67082\u65e5\u5728\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u57ce\u81e8\u8fd1\u5730\u5340\u7684\u7279\u62c9\u6d1b\u723e\u9644\u8fd1\u69cd\u64ca\u5b78\u751f\u3001\u8fb2\u6c11\u548c\u5de5\u4eba\u3002\u300d\uff08\u300a\u9769\u547d\u7684\u771f\u5be6\u8072\u97f3\u300b\u300eTrue voice of the revolution\u300f, Ed Vulliamy\uff0c2008\u5e741\u670820\u65e5\u7684\u300a\u89c0\u5bdf\u5bb6\u5831\u300b\uff09<\/p>\n<p>\u6436\u572820\u4e16\u7d0070\u5e74\u4ee3\u8840\u8165\u7684\u963f\u6839\u5ef7\u8ecd\u653f\u5e9c\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u7d71\u6cbb\u968e\u7d1a\u5c31\u63a1\u53d6\u300c\u5931\u8e64\u300d\u7b56\u7565\u5c07\u6bba\u5bb3\u7684\u5c4d\u9ad4\u6254\u5165\u6d77\u4e2d\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u9019\u4ef6\u4e8b\u7279\u5225\u662f\u5c0d\u6fc0\u9032\u5b78\u751f\u548c\u5de5\u4eba\u70ba\u9996\u7684\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u4eba\u6c11\u5fc3\u4e2d\u7559\u4e0b\u4e86\u6df1\u6df1\u7684\u5370\u8a18\uff0c\u9019\u610f\u5473\u8457\u300c1968\u5e74\u5728\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u6240\u767c\u751f\u7684\u9769\u547d\u6bd4\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u5340\u66f4\u70ba\u6b98\u5fcd\u300d\u3002\u7136\u800c\u7576\u6642\u53e4\u5df4\u7684\u5361\u65af\u7279\u7f85\u537b\u5c0d\u8a72\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4fdd\u6301\u6c89\u9ed8\uff0c\u4ed6\u300c\u6c92\u6709\u5229\u7528\u5176\u5f71\u97ff\u652f\u63011968\u5e74\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u4eba\u6c11\u6216\u5176\u4efb\u4f55\u5f8c\u8d77\u8005\u300d\u3002\u90e8\u5206\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u8cc7\u7522\u968e\u7d1a\u653f\u5e9c\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u4e00\u500b\u627f\u8a8d\u53e4\u5df4\u653f\u6b0a\u7684\u570b\u5bb6\u3002\u7136\u800c\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\u7531\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u5de5\u4eba\u968e\u7d1a\u9818\u5c0e\u7684\u4e00\u5834\u65b0\u9769\u547d\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u5728\u53e4\u5df4\u5167\u90e8\u5f15\u767c\u5c0d\u771f\u6b63\u5de5\u4eba\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u5f37\u70c8\u5171\u9cf4\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u53c3\u8207\u8005\u6253\u51fa\u4e86\u300c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u9769\u547d\u300d\u7684\u65d7\u865f,\u4ee5\u8a66\u5716\u53bb\u5b8c\u62101910\u5e74\u9769\u547d\u4ee5\u53ca\u6f58\u7dad\u62c9\uff08Pancho Villa\uff09\u548c\u827e\u7c73\u88e1\u963f\u8afe\u6258\u5e15\u5854\uff08Emiliano Zapata\uff09\u6c92\u80fd\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u4efb\u52d9\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u8072\u97f3\u4ecd\u5728\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u8ff4\u76ea\u8457\u3002\u9019\u5c0e\u81f4\u63a8\u7ffb\u4e86\u5728\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u7d71\u6cbb\u4e8670\u5e74\u7684\u9769\u547d\u5236\u5ea6\u9ee8(PRI)\u3002\u5b83\u5011\u4e5f\u5c0e\u81f4\u4e8620\u4e16\u7d0090\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u300c\u85a9\u5e15\u5854\u300d\u904b\u52d5\uff08\u300eZapatista\u300f movement\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u4eca\u5929\u5728\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u6240\u767c\u751f\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e8b\u4ef6, \u800cAndres Lopez Obrador\u5dee\u9ede\u5c31\u64ca\u6557\u53f3\u7ffc\u5019\u9078\u4ebaFelipe Calderon\u3002<br \/>\n<strong><br \/>\n\u8d8a\u5357\u6230\u722d\u7684\u5f71\u97ff<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u7f8e\u570b\u7d71\u6cbb\u968e\u7d1a\u7d55\u5c0d\u4e0d\u6703\u5c0d\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u6240\u767c\u751f\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u6f20\u4e0d\u95dc\u5fc3\u7684\u3002\u7f8e\u570b\u7e3d\u662f\u8b39\u614e\u770b\u5f85\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u7684\u95dc\u9375\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u4e00\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u5176\u5c0d\u7f8e\u570b\u62c9\u7f8e\u88d4\u4eba\u53e3\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u5728\u4eca\u5929\u66f4\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\uff1b\u53e6\u4e00\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u5c07\u5176\u770b\u4f5c\u70ba\u6574\u500b\u62c9\u4e01\u7f8e\u6d32\u7684\u9580\u6236\u3002\u57281968\u5e74\u7f8e\u570b\u7d71\u6cbb\u968e\u7d1a\u5df2\u7d93\u88ab\u8d8a\u6230\u9020\u6210\u7684\u793e\u6703\u6df7\u4e82\u5f04\u7684\u7126\u982d\u721b\u984d\u3002\u8d8a\u6230\u4e2d\u4e00\u500b\u5f71\u97ff\u662f3250\u540d\u9752\u5e74\u7531\u65bc\u51fa\u65bc\u826f\u5fc3\u62d2\u7d55\u670d\u5175\u5f79\u53c3\u6230\u800c\u88ab\u6295\u5165\u76e3\u7344\u3002\u4f30\u8a08\u670925\u842c\u4eba\u9003\u907f\u5175\u5f79\uff0c\u7d04\u6709100\u842c\u4eba\u9055\u53cd\u4e86\u5175\u5f79\u5236\u5ea6\u3002\u7136\u800c\u53ea\u6709\u5176\u4e2d\u768425000\u540d\u88ab\u8d77\u8a34\uff0c\u4e00\u9805\u7814\u7a76\u767c\u73fe\uff1a\u300c\u9700\u670d\u5f79\u537b\u901a\u904e\u5b78\u751f\u548c\u5de5\u4f5c\u63a8\u8fad\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u7406\u7531\u5f9e\u800c\u907f\u514d\u88ab\u8ecd\u968a\u5fb5\u53ec\u7684\u7f8e\u570b\u4eba\u90541500\u842c\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u56e0\u6b64\u6b63\u5982\u6b77\u53f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u5c0fArthur Schlesinger\u6240\u5beb\u9053\u7684\uff0c\u9019\u610f\u5473\u8457\u300c\u8d8a\u6230\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u5728\u5fb5\u53ec\u8ca7\u7aae\u767d\u4eba\u548c\u9ed1\u4eba\u7684\u5152\u5b50\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u7236\u6bcd\u5728\u793e\u6703\u4e0a\u6c92\u6709\u591a\u5927\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u529b\u3002\u6709\u6b0a\u52e2\u4eba\u7684\u5152\u5b50\u88ab\u9001\u5230\u5927\u5b78\u88e1\u4fdd\u8b77\u8d77\u4f86\u300d\u3002\uff08 Michael Maclear, Vietnam: \u300a1\u842c\u5929\u7684\u6230\u722d\u300bThe Ten Thousand Day War, \u7b2c313\u9801\uff09\u6392\u5728\u9019\u300c\u9df9\u96db\u300d\u96c6\u5718\u9996\u4f4d\u7684\u662f\u2014\u2014\u4ed6\u5011\u9003\u907f\u4e86\u5175\u5f79\u4f46\u6e96\u5099\u652f\u6301\u6230\u722d\u2014\u2014\u55ac\u6cbb\u5e03\u4ec0\u548c\u5176\u985e\u4f3c\u4e4b\u5f92\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u8d8a\u5357\u7684\u5c60\u6bba\u662f\u5f15\u767c1968\u5e74\u570b\u969b\u4e0a\u591a\u6578\u9752\u5e74\u904b\u52d5\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u7f8e\u570b\u7d71\u6cbb\u968e\u7d1a\u901a\u904eB-52\u7684\u70b8\u5f48\u548c\u6a59\u5291\u7b49\u5316\u5b78\u6b66\u5668\u5728\u7576\u5e74\u7684\u8d8a\u5357\u9020\u6210\u4e86\u7121\u6cd5\u5f62\u5bb9\u7684\u7834\u58de\u548c\u5c60\u6bba\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u8a31\u591a\u53ef\u6015\u7684\u8a73\u60c5\u53ea\u662f\u5728\u4e8b\u5f8c\u5f97\u4ee5\u77e5\u66c9\u3002\u300c\u5b98\u65b9\u300d\u6578\u64da\u8aaa\u6709200\u591a\u540d\u624b\u7121\u5bf8\u9435\u7684\u8d8a\u5357\u5e73\u6c11\u906d\u5c60\u6bba\uff0c\u4f46\u4e00\u540d\u7f8e\u8ecd\u4f5c\u5bb6\u5247\u4f30\u8a08\u4eba\u6578\u9054\u5230\u7d04700\u540d\u3002\u5c0d\u9019\u4e00\u7f6a\u884c\u7684\u8655\u7f70\u50c5\u50c5\u5c31\u662f\u5c07\u4e2d\u5c09William Calley\u5728\u8ecd\u4e8b\u76e3\u7344\u95dc\u4e86\u4e09\u5929\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9019\u4e9b\u666f\u50cf\u5728\u7576\u6642\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u88ab\u96fb\u8996\u5831\u9053\u76f4\u63a5\u516c\u958b\u5316\u3002\u4e0b\u53f0\u7684\u7d04\u7ff0\u905c\u7e3d\u7d71\u5f8c\u6094\u6c92\u6709\u8a34\u8af8\u5c08\u5236\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u53bb\u63a7\u5236\u96fb\u8996\u5831\u9053\u3002\u7576\u6642\u7684\u8d8a\u6230\u7f8e\u8ecd\u53f8\u4ee4\u5a01\u65af\u7279\u6469\u862d\u5c07\u8ecd\uff08Westmoreland\uff09\u63d0\u5230\uff1a\u300c\u5728\u6230\u722d\u521d\u671f\u4ed6\uff08\u7d04\u7ff0\u905c\uff09\u61c9\u8a72\u63a1\u7528\u65b0\u805e\u6aa2\u67e5\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u90a3\u6703\u7522\u751f\u591a\u9ebc\u8907\u96dc\u7684\u5f8c\u679c\u3002\u300d\uff08Lieutenant General Philip B Davidson, \u300a\u5728\u8d8a\u5357\u767c\u751f\u7684\u6230\u722d\u300bVietnam at War, \u7b2c490\u9801\uff09\u6b64\u5f8c\u7f8e\u570b\u7d71\u6cbb\u968e\u7d1a\u9010\u6f38\u8a8d\u8b58\u5230\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5b98\u65b9\u7684\u300c\u6aa2\u67e5\u5236\u5ea6\u300d\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u4ed6\u5011\u6709\u865b\u64ec\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\u5ba3\u50b3\u90e8\u9580\u4e00\u6a23\u7684\u9ed8\u591a\u514b\u7684\u300c\u798f\u514b\u65af\u65b0\u805e\u300d\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b89\u63d2\u5728\u4f0a\u62c9\u514b\u7684\u300e\u807d\u8a71\u300f\u8a18\u8005\u5011\u3002<br \/>\n<strong><br \/>\n\u9752\u5e74\u5011\u7684\u570b\u969b\u5927\u9a37\u52d5<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u9752\u5e74\u5011\u57281968\u5e74\u7684\u9a37\u52d5\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u7bc4\u570d\u7684\u3002\u4e0d\u50c5\u50c5\u662f\u767c\u751f\u5728\u5df4\u9ece\u6216\u67cf\u6797\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u8a31\u591a\u570b\u5bb6\u5982\u610f\u5927\u5229\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u6a23\u7684\u3002\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\u610f\u5927\u5229\u7684\u5b78\u751f\u904b\u52d5\u88ab\u8a8d\u70ba\u6700\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5176\u8a2d\u6cd5\u8207\u5de5\u4eba\u968e\u7d1a\u5efa\u7acb\u806f\u7e6b\uff0c\u800c\u6c92\u6709\u6b50\u6d32\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u65b9\u50cf\u4ed6\u5011\u90a3\u6a23\u505a\u7684\u5982\u6b64\u6210\u529f\u3002\u4e00\u4e9b\u4eba\u62d2\u7d55\u8a8d\u771f\u5730\u601d\u8003\u9019\u4e9b\u9752\u5e74\u5011\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u800c\u8a8d\u70ba\u90a3\u4e9b\u662f\u53e4\u602a\u800c\u53ef\u7b11\u7684\u8209\u52d5\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u5982\u6cd5\u570b\u793e\u6703\u5b78\u5bb6Raymond Aron\u6240\u8a8d\u70ba\uff1a\u300c\u9019\u662f\u88ab\u5bf5\u58de\u4e86\u7684\u5bcc\u5b69\u5b50\u5011\u7684\u904a\u6232\u300d\u3002\u6beb\u7121\u7591\u554f\u4e00\u4e9b\u53c3\u8207\u4e86\u9019\u8d77\u300c\u9769\u547d\u9ebb\u75b9\u300d\u4e2d\u7684\u8a31\u591a\u4eba\u53c8\u91cd\u65b0\u56de\u5230\u8cc7\u672c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u793e\u6703\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u537b\u8877\u5fc3\u5e0c\u671b\u6253\u7834\u5df2\u7d93\u9677\u5165\u7d55\u5883\u7684\u8cc7\u672c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u793e\u6703\u548c\u99ac\u514b\u601d\u8ac7\u53ca\u7684\u7570\u5316\u3002\u751f\u7522\u8005\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u7d93\u6fdf\u7e41\u69ae\u4e0a\u5347\u671f\u4e5f\u4e0d\u904e\u88ab\u8a8d\u70ba\u8cc7\u672c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5236\u5ea6\u9019\u4e00\u9f90\u5927\u6a5f\u5668\u4e0a\u7684\u9f52\u8f2a\u800c\u5df2\uff0c\u9019\u4e00\u601d\u60f3\u52a9\u9577\u4e86\u9752\u5e74\u5011\u8d77\u4f86\u9769\u547d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8a31\u591a\u9019\u4e9b\u9752\u5e74\u662f\u4e00\u5834\u65b0\u7fa4\u773e\u904b\u52d5\u5d1b\u8d77\u6f5b\u5728\u7684\u9175\u6bcd\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u5f9e1968\u5e74\u523020\u4e16\u7d0070 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